中西文化對(duì)比-成語(yǔ)和諺語(yǔ).ppt

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Beforeastudentgetsthehangofhowtouseidiomsandproverbs he llmakealotofmistakes Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter butthatshouldn tputhiminastew Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings Youmightsayifyouwanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell that spartofthegame 在熟知這些成語(yǔ)的用法前 很多人一定會(huì)犯不少錯(cuò)誤 有些錯(cuò)誤會(huì)使人發(fā)笑 但不必著急 對(duì)這種事要有耐性 可以說(shuō) 學(xué)好外語(yǔ) 就得這樣 lookout 東西 吃軟不吃硬 bullytheweakbutyieldtoonewhofightsback tobeopentopersuasion butnottocoercion 布衣素食 wearcottonclothesandeatvegetablefood coarseclothesandsimplefare getthehangof holdone ssideswithlaughter putsomeoneinastew putupwithsomething partofthegame 事情就是這樣 忍受 某事 使某人煩惱 為難 著急 捧腹大笑 熟悉 得知 Chapter2IdiomsandProverbs Whatareidiomsandproverbs Chinesemeaning 成語(yǔ)和諺語(yǔ) InChinese 四字成語(yǔ) InEnglish setphrases idiom agroupofwordsinafixedorderhavingaparticularmeaning whichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofeachwordunderstoodonitsownandmustbelearntasawholeunit proverb shortwell knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgivesadvice Theyarewell knownsetphrasesorshortsentences expressingsupposedtruth wisdomormorallessons Theyarespecialinstructurewhichsometimesmakestheminexplicablelogicallyorgrammatically Theycanreflectvividlyanation sgeography history itspeople slifeexperience socialviews thinkingandconceptsaswellasliterature Similarity A Humanexperiencesandobservations andevenhistoryareinmanyaspectssimilar whichmakestheexpressionsandtheirmeaningssimilar Strikewhiletheironishot Manyhandsmakelightwork Hastemakeswaste Outofsight outofmind 眼不見(jiàn) 心不煩 欲速則不達(dá) 人多好辦事 趁熱打鐵 Lookbeforeyouleap 三思而后行 Morehaste lessspeed Birdsofafeatherflocktogether 物以類聚 人以群分 Thingsofakindcometogether peopleofamindfallintothesamegroup Likeattractslike Hemostliveswhothinksmost feelsthenoblestandactsthebest Putnotyourhandbetweenthebarkandthetree 思想深刻 情感高尚 品行端正者活的最好 別人家中事 最好別插手 不要多管閑事 Pridegoesbeforeafall 驕兵必?cái)?Lifeisnotabedofroses 生活并不總是充滿鮮花 Twoofatradeneveragree 同行多嫉妒 It snotthebeardthatmakesthephilosopher Preventionisbetterthancure Givehimaninchandhe lltakeamile Longhairandshortwit Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend 天下沒(méi)有不散的宴席 頭發(fā)長(zhǎng) 見(jiàn)識(shí)短 得寸進(jìn)尺 預(yù)防勝過(guò)治療 Fireprovesgold adversityprovesmen Liveandlearn 烈火顯真金 逆境識(shí)英雄 活到老 學(xué)到老 Bloodisthickerthanwater Wallhasears 血濃于水 隔墻有耳 Goldenwordsoffendtheears 忠言逆耳 Ifyouwouldnotbeknowntodoanything neverdoit 若要人不知 除非己莫為 Inunityhereisstrength 團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量 Timeismoney 時(shí)間就是金錢(qián) Hewhosebellyisfullbelievesnothimwhoisfasting 飽漢不知餓漢饑 Easiersaidthandone It s easiertosaythantodo 說(shuō)時(shí)容易做時(shí)難 Idlenessistherootofallevil 懶惰是萬(wàn)惡之源 Brevityisthesoulofwit 簡(jiǎn)潔是智慧的精髓 Practicemakesperfect 熟能生巧 Hewhohasnottastedbitterknowsnotwhatsweetis 吃得苦中苦 方知甜上甜 Goodluckwouldnevercomeinpairs 福不雙至 B InEnglish someidiomsandproverbsareborrowedfromotherlanguagesanditisthesamewithChinese 1 EnglishborrowedfromChinese toloseone sface丟面子 papertiger紙老虎 tosaveone sface保面子 2 ChineseborrowedfromEnglish aneyeforaneye atoothforatooth以眼還眼 以牙還牙 armedtotheteeth武裝到牙齒 awolfinthesheep sclothing披著羊皮的狼 turnoveranewleaf揭開(kāi)新的一頁(yè) Theeyeisthewindowofthemind 眼睛是心靈的窗戶 C Similarsources Fromreligiousworks Olivebranch Bible Genesis scapegoat Bible Leviticus eyeforeye toothfortooth OldTestament Exodus 現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法 放下屠刀 立地成佛 五體投地 Fromlegendandmythology Pandora sBox GreekMythology Achilles Heel 開(kāi)天辟地 精衛(wèi)填海 Fromfable Awolfinsheep sclothing sourGrapes 狐假虎威 Fromhistoricaleventsandstories Meetone sWaterloo 項(xiàng)莊舞劍 意在沛公 鞠躬盡瘁 死而后已 水落石出 totalkhorse Dissimilarity A Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinmetaphor tobreakabutterflyonthewheel aratinhole 甕中之鱉 likeadrownedrat tolookforaneedleinthehay tofishintheair 像只落湯雞 吹牛 大海撈針 水底撈月 殺雞用牛刀 小題大做 tobeataroundthebush 旁敲側(cè)擊 轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角 tokick hitamanwhenheisdown Anidleyouth aneedy 貧困的 age onceinabluemoon tocryupwineandsellvinegar totreaduponeggs diamondcutdiamond Justicehaslongarms Theburntchilddreadsthefire 千載難逢 掛羊頭 賣(mài)狗肉 如履薄冰 棋逢對(duì)手 落井下石 天網(wǎng)恢恢 疏而不漏 一遭被蛇咬 十年怕井繩 少壯不努力 老大徒傷悲 Manyheadsarebetterthanone Theproofofthepudding 梨isintheeating 三個(gè)臭皮匠 頂個(gè)諸葛亮 空談不如實(shí)踐 Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion 寧做雞頭 不做鳳尾 Theearlybirdcatchestheworm 早起的鳥(niǎo)兒有蟲(chóng)吃 Theforemostdogcatchesthehare 捷足先登 先下手為強(qiáng) Clumsybirdshavetostartearly 笨鳥(niǎo)先飛 Everypotterpraiseshisownpot 老王賣(mài)瓜 自賣(mài)自夸 toblowone sownhorn trumpet自吹自擂 Thefoxpreysfarthestfromhome 兔子不吃窩邊草 Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer 一花獨(dú)放不是春 Onedropofpoisoninfectsthewholetonofwine 一顆老鼠屎壞了一鍋粥 Setafoxtokeepone sgeese 引狼入室 Whatdoyouexpectfromapigbutagrunt 狗嘴里吐不出象牙 Hethatcomesofahenmustscrape 老鼠的兒子會(huì)打洞 Whenthecat saway themicewillplay 山中無(wú)老虎 猴子稱大王 Giveadogabadnameandhanghim 欲加之罪 何患無(wú)詞 Loveme lovemydog 愛(ài)屋及烏 Everydoghashisday 瓦片也有翻身日 人人都有得意時(shí) Theleopardcanneverchangeitsspot 本性難移 Alittlepotissoonhot 壺小易熱 量小易怒 Letbeggarsmatchwithbeggars 門(mén)當(dāng)戶對(duì) 龍配龍 鳳配風(fēng) Don tputthecartbeforethehorse 勿本末倒置 Finefeathersdonotmakefinebirds 人不可貌相 Killtwobirdswithonestone 一石擊二鳥(niǎo) 一箭雙雕 EverydayisnotSunday 好境不長(zhǎng) Faithwillmovemountains 精誠(chéng)所至 金石為開(kāi) Barkingdogsdonotbite 嘴狠手軟 刀子嘴豆腐心 Anewbroomsweepsclean 新官上任三把火 Onecannotmakeasilkpurseoutofasow sear 巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊 Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring 失之東隅 收之桑榆 Beautifulflowersaresoonpicked 紅顏多薄命 Asyoumakeyourbed soyoumustlieonit 自作自受 作繭自縛 Arollingstonegathersnomoss 滾石不生苔 轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)不聚財(cái) Talkofthedevil andhe ssuretoappear Speakofangels andyouwillheartheirwings 說(shuō)曹操 曹操到 B Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinexpression Sinkorswim 自作自受 Whospitsagainstheaven itfallsinhisface 知足者常樂(lè) Enoughisasgoodasafeast 寧可信其有 不可信其無(wú) Bettertobesurethansorry 失之毫厘 謬以千里 Amissisasgoodasamile 機(jī)不可失 Opportunityseldomknockstwice 博而不專 Jackofalltrades masterofnone 不吃苦中苦 難得人上人 Hethathadnocrossdeservesnocrown 不進(jìn)則退 Romewasnotbuiltinaday 冰凍三尺非一日之寒 Wherethere ssmokethere sfire 無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪 Topayhimbackinhisowncoin Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinatea cup 人倒霉喝涼水都塞牙 Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel 一個(gè)巴掌拍不響 Failuresarethepillarsofsuccess 失敗是成功之母 Truthneedsnotmanywords 有理不在聲高 以其人之道 還治其人之身 C Someidiomsandproverbsarecommoninonelanguagebutcompletelyabsentintheother 1 InEnglish tomeetone sWaterloo GoDutch 各人自己付錢(qián) Thelaststrawbentthecamel 超出忍耐的極限 忍無(wú)可忍 Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway 多吃蘋(píng)果少得病 keepone sfingerscrossed 希望好運(yùn) 祈求吉利 bebornwithasilverspooninone smouth 生在富貴人家 pullthewooloversomeone seyes 蒙騙某人 putone sfootinone smouth 說(shuō)錯(cuò)話 做錯(cuò)事 遭到慘敗 2 InChinese Neitheradjustyourshoeinamelonpatch noryourhatunderaplum tree topreventfrombeingconsideredathief well thought outplan idea 胸有成竹 盲人瞎馬 Ablindmanonablindhorse rushingheadlongtodisaster Eventhedogswaggerwhenitsmasterwinsfavor 一人得道 雞犬升天 Courtdoormayopen butnottothepoor 衙門(mén)自古朝南開(kāi) 有理無(wú)錢(qián)莫進(jìn)來(lái) 瓜田不納履 李下不整冠 InChinese thereisaspecialexpressioncalled thetwo partsaying Itisformedbyashortstatementandatagphrasetogiveafurtherexplanationorcommentthatbringsoutthewitorhumor Thetwo partsayingdoesnotexistinEnglish theEightImmortalscrossthesea eachdisplayinghisspecialprowess peopledoingthesamejob buteachinhisownspecialway anddoingitwell 茶壺里煮餃子 倒不出來(lái) boilingdumplingsinateapot nowaytogetthemout haveideasbutcan texpressthemorally 八仙過(guò)海 各顯神通 狗拿耗子 多管閑事 Adogcatchingamouse pokingone snoseintootherpeople sbusiness 雞蛋里挑骨頭 故意找錯(cuò) Pickingbonesfromeggs findingfaultdeliberately 貓哭老鼠 假慈悲 Acatcryingoveramouse smisfortune fakemercy 門(mén)縫里瞅人 把人看扁了 Gazingatsomeonefrombehindaslightlyopeneddoor takinganarrowviewofaperson 泥菩薩過(guò)河 自身難保 AclayBuddhacrossingastream hardlyabletosavehimself 竹籃打水 一場(chǎng)空 千里送鵝毛 禮輕情意重 Travelathousandmilestobestowagoosefeather asmallgiftbutatokenofprofoundfriendship 鐵打的公雞 一毛不拔 Anironrooster notafeathercanbepulledout skinflint 兔子的尾巴 長(zhǎng)不了 Ahare stail cannotbe lastlong 外甥打燈籠 照舊 舅 Thenephewholdsalanternforhisuncle thingsstayunchanged 啞巴吃黃連 有苦說(shuō)不出 Adumbpersontastingbitterherb unabletoexpressbitterfeelings Drawingwaterwithabamboobasket drawwaterinasieve achievingnothing D Someexpressionsseemtobeequivalentinmeaningonthesurfaceandsomearedifficulttounderstandbecausetheirliteralmeaningsoundsstrangetoaforeigner tohavewordswithsb Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel Amissisasgoodasamile toquarrelortohaveanangrydiscussionwithsb 和某人說(shuō)話 和某人吵架 爭(zhēng)吵 Ittakesmorethanonepersontoachieveanythingsignificant 一個(gè)巴掌拍不響 InChinese itisawarning inEnglish itmerelystateafact oraphilosophicattitude 失之毫厘 謬以千里 toeat swallowone swords 自食其言 收回前言 承認(rèn)錯(cuò)了見(jiàn)ppt27 gildingthelily Thepotcallsthekettleblack 直譯 給百合花貼金 spoilingsth whichisalreadyfineorgoodbyaddingsth inattempttomakeitbetter 直譯 鍋笑壺黑 五十步笑一百步 Onetriestoaccuseanotheroffaultssimilartothosecommittedbyhimself addingsth tomakeagoodthingevenbetter Twohavemistakesbutonehaslessthananother 錦上添花 畫(huà)蛇添足 烏鴉笑豬黑 e g Sheaccusedusofbeingextravagant talkaboutthepotcallingthekettleblack togetakickoutof from doing something toblowone sownhorn ortrumpet togetpleasurefromdoingsth 各吹各的號(hào) topraiseone sownabilitiesandachievements e g Igotakickoutofwatchingthosekidsperform theirplaymademerealizehowstrangeandfunnywegrown upsmustseemtothem e g Ifhe ssosuccessful whydoeshehavetokeepblowinghisowntrumpet 被踢出去 欣賞 或從 中得到極大愉快 自吹自擂 令人發(fā)指 tomakeone shairstandonend tomakeone sbloodboil氣憤 令人毛骨驚然害怕 Thesightmadehishairstandonend hethoughtitwashisdeadbrother sghost e g Thenewsaboutthesecorruptofficialsmadeeveryone sbloodboil 自食其言 toeatone sownwords tobreakone spromise 收回自己說(shuō)的話 HetoldeveryonehewasabsolutelycertainthathisarticlewouldbepublishedbytheTimes butwhentheletterofrejectioncame hehadtoeathisownwords e g Nownobodywillbelievehim becausehehasthehabitofbreakinghisownwords topullsb sleg 拖后腿 愚弄某人 和某人開(kāi)玩笑 hinder bedragon abigfishinasmallpond e g I mjustpullingyourleg Don tpullmyleg Thereissomethingwrongwithmyleg Don tpullmyleg I mmovingsohard 小塘容不下大魚(yú) 小地方或小范圍內(nèi)的大人物 林無(wú)鳥(niǎo) 雀為王