高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法梳理代詞13頁Word文檔

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1、高考英語熱點(diǎn)名師調(diào)研 代詞是高考考查的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目之一，也是考生容易出錯(cuò)的項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)榇~具有較大靈活性。考生在做代詞選擇填空時(shí)最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是1）機(jī)械地套用語法規(guī)則；2）用漢語思維去分析題意。從高考考查情況看，高考考查最多的是不定代詞，因?yàn)椴欢ù~是整個(gè)代詞中最為活躍的部分，其次是名詞性物主代詞和反身代詞。 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 第一 人稱 第二 人稱 第三 人稱 第一 人稱 第二 人稱 第三 人稱 人稱代詞 主格 I you he she it we you they 賓格 me you him her it us You them

2、 物主代詞 形容 詞性 my your his her its our your their 名詞性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代詞 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 指示代詞 this that such these those such 相互代詞 賓格 each other one another 所有格 each other’s one another

3、’s 不定代詞 可數(shù) one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither 不可數(shù) much, (a) little 可數(shù)不可數(shù) any other all some 復(fù)合 不定代詞 anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing 疑問代詞 who whom whose which what 連接代詞 who whom whose which what（參見

4、第九講） 關(guān)系代詞 who whom whose which that（參見第十一講） 1.人稱代詞 ①在句中作主語用主格，在句中作賓語,則用賓格； She teaches them physics. ②在句中作表語常用賓格； Who is it? It’s me. 但有時(shí)要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語,故I用主格。 ③兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)，其順序是： 單數(shù)按2，3，1人稱排列，復(fù)數(shù)按1，2，3人稱順序排列。 you, she and I ; we, you and they

5、 2.物主代詞 ①形容詞性物主代詞只能作賓語 We love our motherland. ②名詞性物主代詞可用作主語,表語和賓語 Your coat is black while mine is red. 3.反身代詞 ①用作賓語、表語，或主語、賓語的同位語 He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（賓語） She is not quite herself today.她今天身體不太舒服。（表語） I myself can repair the bike.（主語的同位語） ②常用含有反身代詞的慣用語歸納 by oneself

6、= alone 獨(dú)自 for oneself獨(dú)立、為自己 be oneself處于正常狀態(tài),顯得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 給自己穿 devote oneself to專心于、獻(xiàn)身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客氣 come to oneself蘇醒 make

7、 oneself at home 不要客氣 4.指示代詞 ①this和that是近指, that和those 是遠(yuǎn)指 I don’t want this book. I want that one. ②有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，常用that/ those 來代表前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞 At this time of year，the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing. ③this和that都可代表前面提到過的事情,若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)名詞,指代前面的用that指代較后面的用this；但若指下文將要敘述事情,則只能用this，不能用that。此

8、外，還可用于代替上文中出現(xiàn)過個(gè)單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，且后面帶有of短語修飾。 Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康勝于財(cái)富;財(cái)富不會(huì)像健康那樣帶來那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health) They cant afford it.That/this is their problem. What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替換) The popul

9、ation of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou. ④such的用法 such 一般在句中作定語和主語.用作定語時(shí),它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞應(yīng)放在之后。 Such is my answer. Such are the results of the exams. I have never seen such beautiful flowers. 用作定語時(shí),它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞應(yīng)放在such之后such a good book。 5.相互代詞 ①在句中可作賓語 They help each other and learn f

10、rom each other. ②加’s后成為所有格,作定語 They asked about one another’s life and work. 6.不定代詞 不定代詞種類較多,在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意其用法與區(qū)別。為了便于記憶我們擇其重點(diǎn)以表格的形式列出。 不定代詞 區(qū) 別 例 句 one, some， any和it one可以泛指人或者事（東西），其復(fù)數(shù)為ones。 ①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet. A.one B.ones C.it

11、 D.them ②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。 —Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico. Would you like ________? A.it B.some

12、 C.this D.1ittle some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。 ①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —________way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either one指同類中的一個(gè)，it

13、指代同一種類的東西。記住下列三點(diǎn)區(qū)別： ①it =the /this/ my…+單數(shù)名詞 one =a/an+單數(shù)名詞 ②it代替特定的單數(shù)名詞 one代替不特定的單數(shù)名詞 ③one之前加上定冠詞the可以表示特指，one前如有形容詞修飾,之前還可以加上不定冠詞,但是it之前既不能加冠詞也不能加形容詞修飾。 此外it還可以作形式主語、形式賓語和用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。 ①—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the book

14、store. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it ②This film is an interesting one. ③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best. some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。 ①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any

15、C.a little,some D.a little,any ②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________. A.none B.either C.any D.each ③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much each和every each強(qiáng)調(diào)

16、個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。 ①Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points. all和both both指兩個(gè)人或物,而all指三個(gè)以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主語，賓語,表語,同位語和定語 ①— Wh

17、ich of the two books will you take? — I’ll take ____and I think ____of them is very important to me. A. either; neither B. neither; both C. both; either D. either; both ②—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most? —____.They are both cheap and of great importance.

18、 A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 注意：both, all, each, every以及由every構(gòu)成的不定代詞出現(xiàn)在否定句中，不管否定詞在前還是在后，都是部分否定：All of them don’t like music=Not all of them like music.他們并不都喜歡音樂。 要表示完全否定，需要借助neither，none ，no one ，nothing，nobody等。 Neither of them doesn’t like music.他們倆都不喜歡音樂。 None of them don’t

19、like the music.他們都不喜歡音樂。 none和no no等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。 ①There is no water in the bottle. ②How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. other和another other泛指“另外的，別的”常與 其他詞連用，④the other day, every other

20、 week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。 ①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract. A.another B. the other C. neither D. each ②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”， 復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的 人或事”

21、。 ①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have ______ one this month. A.the other B. some C. another D. other ②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair /some others. ③Some like football, while others like basketball. either和neither 前者意思為：兩者中任何一方都；

22、后者意思為：兩者都不。 ①—Do you want tea or coffee? —______,I really don't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. all ②It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each few和little; a few和a lit

23、tle few 和little 表示沒有多少,含否 定意義,而a few 和a little表示一 些,有幾個(gè),含肯定意義.另外, few 與a few修飾可數(shù)名詞, little與 a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 此外quite a few , quitea little意 思是“不少,相當(dāng)多的”。 ①The old man knows a little English. ②Few of them can speak Russian. 7.it的用法 ①用作人稱代詞,代替前文提到的事情。 This bike is not mine. It’s Peter’s.

24、②用以代替提示代詞this, that —What is this? —It’s a pen. —Whose book is that? —It’s Mike’s. ③起指示代詞的作用,指一個(gè)人或事物 —Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me. —Who is making such a noise. —It must be the children. ④指環(huán)境情況等。 It was very quiet at the moment. ⑤指時(shí)間，季節(jié)，天氣，氣候等 —What time

25、is it? —It is eight o’clock. It often rains in summer. ⑥指距離 It is five kilometers from the office to my home. It is a long way to the factory. ⑦作形式主語和形式賓語 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語時(shí),通常把它們放在謂語之后,而用it作句子的形式主語 It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is not a good habit to stay up late.

26、 It is no use crying over split milk. It is a pity that you didn’t read the book.. 當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式,動(dòng)名詞,賓語從句時(shí),往往把賓語放在它的補(bǔ)足語后面,而用it作形式賓語,放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之前 I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English. He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 注意：see t

27、o it that…（務(wù)必）和take it for granted that…（想當(dāng)然）句型中的it，以及詞組make it（做事成功，搞定）中的it。 ⑧用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)（詳見第十二講） 要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分(通常是主語,狀語,賓語), 可以把it 當(dāng)作先行詞.這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是 “It is(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who )+句子的其余部分” .如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,可用who whom 代替that I met an old friend in the park yesterday. 此句各部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)后句型如下： It was I who /that met an ol

28、d friend in the park yesterday. It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday. It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday. It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park. ①Our neighbors gave___a baby bird yesterday that hurt___when it fell from its nest. A.u

29、s,it B. us,itselfC. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it ②To save class time, our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 【解析】答案為A。us students 是同位結(jié)構(gòu)。us是賓

30、語，students為us的同謂語，又如：tell us all。 Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _____. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her??????? D. him and hers 【解析】答案為B。在句中作表語，指“他的郵票和她的郵票”用his and her (=his stamps and her stamps)。 ①—Who called me this morning when I was out? —A

31、 man calling ______ Robert. A. him ??? B. himself ?????C. his ???? D.不填 【解析】答案為B。 因?yàn)椤癱all sb./oneself+某名”就是“叫某人/自稱某名字”；句意是“一個(gè)自稱羅 伯特的人”，用himself。 ②Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals ____ after an injury? A. himself B. him C. itself D. it 【解析】答

32、案為C。itself 指代前面的the human body。 ①—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was _____? —_____ was in 2019 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It 【解析】答案為D。that可以指代過去的情況,下句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略形式=it was in

33、2019 when he was still in college he got his first book published. ②—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? —Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is. A. Such B. There C. That D. This 【解析】答案為C。that代替上下文提到的地方。 ③The English spoken in the United States is o

34、nly slightly different from ____ spoken in England. A. which B. what C. that D. the one 【解析】答案為C。that用來指代前面的名詞The English,以避免重復(fù)。題意是“美國(guó)英語現(xiàn)和英國(guó)英語只有很微小的差別了。”在英語中，that還?？梢杂脕碇复丝?、天氣、金錢等。如： The weather here is hotter than that in the north of the country. ④Little joy can equal ________ of a sur

35、prising ending when you read stories. A. that B. those C. any D. some 【解析】答案為A。因?yàn)樘娲懊娴牟豢蓴?shù)名詞（little）joy，所以用that,而不是those。 此外指示代詞“this和that”還可以用作副詞修飾形容詞，相當(dāng)于“so”。 ⑤Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ______ much to do. A. such

36、? B. that C. more D. very 【解析】答案為B。much前用so, 不用such。口語中，常用that來代替so。 ①If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ______? I won’t read them this week. A. all ??B. any ???? C. either ? D. both ?【解析】答案為D。由前后語境來看，應(yīng)是建議對(duì)方將兩本書都拿去看。

37、②You may drop in or just give me a call. ______ will do. ? A. Either B. Each ? C. Neither?????? ?????? D. All 【解析】答案為A。由前句可知是指兩者中的“任何一個(gè)”，用either。 ③Of all the books on the desk,??______ is of any use for our study.? A. nothing???????? B. no one?????? ??? C. neither

38、 D. none ④It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which ____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neitherC. both D. each 【解析】答案為B。neither 表示“兩者都不”，句意：在父母都不懂 英語的家庭里學(xué)習(xí)英語，對(duì)于他 來講是很困難的。 ⑤The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can captu

39、re the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another 【解析】答案為C。根據(jù)句意“誰能捕獲那只老虎，無論死活，市長(zhǎng)將給賞金5000美元”應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與題意不符。 ①There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _____? ???A. little; some???????? B. little; any??

40、??????? C. a little; some????? D. a little; any ???【解析】答案為A。因?yàn)樵赪ould you…? 等表示請(qǐng)求、勸請(qǐng)或建議之類的問句中，一般用some；又由 后文“買些油”可知，家里“沒有油”了，所以用little。句意：家里沒有油了，請(qǐng)你到附近 的店子里買些回來好嗎？ ②―Would you like _____, sir? ―No, thanks. I have had much. ?? A. some more oranges?????????B. any more oranges??????C. some more

41、 orange?????D. any more orange 【解析】答案為A。由答語中的much可知，對(duì)話中的orange是指“桔子汁”而非“桔子”，是不可數(shù)名 詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；在勸請(qǐng)的疑問名中用some不用any，排除選項(xiàng)D。 ①I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city. A. ones??????????? B. one ??? C. that ? D. those 【解析】答案為C。選項(xiàng)

42、中只有that能替代不可數(shù)名詞the air。one替代“a＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，表示泛指。特指的the one相當(dāng)于that；the one復(fù)數(shù)形式the ones，在口語中也常用those代替；當(dāng)后面有of短語時(shí)，一般用that或those，當(dāng)有前置修飾語時(shí)，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同類”事物，其中只有that可替代不可數(shù)名詞。 ②We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _____we like yet. A. one ???

43、? B. ones ??? C. it ??????? D. them 【解析】答案為A。one =a house, 指我們喜歡的那一類房子。 ③Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do. A. one???????????? B. ones??????????? C. it D. those 【解析】答案為B。 替代泛指的名詞復(fù)數(shù)problems，用ones。those是替代特的“the +復(fù)數(shù)名

44、詞”的。 ④My most famous relative of all, __________ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. A. one ??? B. the one???? ??????? C. he ????? D. someone 【解析】答案為B。由語境可判斷是特指，且作My most famous relative of all的同位語，用the one。 ⑤—There is still a

45、 copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it 【解析】答案為A。it指代前面的a copy of the book,后面的意思是：我要到書店去買一本（不是特指哪一本）。 ①I think he’s just going to deal with this problem ______ day. A. next?????????

46、? B. other?????????? C. following??????? D. another 【解析】答案為D。表示“改天”用another day。但表示相對(duì)于過去或?qū)砟程靵碚f的“第二天”時(shí)， 用the next day 或the following day都可以。 ②No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _____. ?A. others B. the other??????????? C.

47、 either D. another 【解析】答案為B。由neither可知，談話雙方都不同意對(duì)方的條件，這個(gè)“對(duì)方”是特指的另一方，所以用the other。 ③The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent. A. any other B. the other C. another D. other 【解析】答案為C。題干上的意思應(yīng)該是“價(jià)格不會(huì)再增長(zhǎng)超過4%”。any other “其他另外的”。the other“

48、兩者中第二者”。another“另外，又”，放在數(shù)詞前面。other表示“另外”，和more一 樣，要放在數(shù)字的后面。 ①—One week’s time has been wasted. —I can’t believe we did all that work for _____. A. something???????? B. nothing C. everything????? ??? D. anything 【解析】答案為B。因?yàn)閒or nothing是習(xí)語，意為“徒勞、沒有好結(jié)果”、“免費(fèi)”，句意是：我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信我們所做的一切都是徒勞的。

49、 ②She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got ______to talk to. A. anyone???????? B. someone??????????? C. everyone??????? D. no one 【解析】答案為D。因?yàn)椤霸谶@里，她誰都不認(rèn)識(shí)”，所以“她沒有人可以交談”。no one = nobody = not…any one沒有一個(gè)人。 ③I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _____

50、 else, it was hard to make out. A. none???? B. everyone? ?? C. someone??? D. anyone 【解析】答案為D。意為除了我以外，“其他任何人(anyone else)”都很難懂。 ④—I’d like some more cheese. —Sorry, there’s ______ left. A. some B. none C. a little D. few 【解析】答案為B。none

51、既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，表示“一個(gè)也不， 一個(gè)也沒有”；也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一點(diǎn)也不，一點(diǎn)也沒有”。在本題中指代不可數(shù)名詞cheese。本題的意思是：—我想再來點(diǎn)奶酪?！?，一點(diǎn)都沒有了。A項(xiàng)some表示“一些”，C項(xiàng)a little表示“有一點(diǎn)”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞D項(xiàng)few表示“幾乎沒有”，修飾可數(shù)名詞。 ①If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 【解析】答案為C。if I

52、can help it意為“如果我有辦法”，表示有辦法做某事，或有辦法控制某個(gè)局面。所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night說明如果有辦法，不喜歡工作到深夜。so意為“這樣”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的動(dòng)作。that用于代替上文的內(nèi)容。 ②I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you 【解析】答案為B。it指代用來泛泛地指某事，可用于如I like/hate it, I appreciate it等類似的句子。表示喜歡/憎恨和贊賞某事。 【答案】C 【解析】?jī)烧咧械娜魏我环N可用either; 在三者中進(jìn)行比較用最高級(jí)。 內(nèi)容總結(jié) （1）高考英語熱點(diǎn)名師調(diào)研 代詞是高考考查的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目之一，也是考生容易出錯(cuò)的項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)榇~具有較大靈活性 （2）some???????? B. little （3）any ???【解析】答案為A