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1、寫作進階提升之二寫作進階提升之二書面表達訓練三步法 寫作進階提升寫作進階提升英語作文訓練的三大步第一步第一步, , 文從字順的初級階段文從字順的初級階段第二步第二步, , 多悟思變的過渡階段多悟思變的過渡階段第三步第三步, , 文質(zhì)兼美的高級階段文質(zhì)兼美的高級階段第一步：文從字順的初級階段第一步：文從字順的初級階段 語言錯誤多，漢語式的句子多語言錯誤多，漢語式的句子多多數(shù)考生寫的作文要點很全面，但是由于英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識不多數(shù)考生寫的作文要點很全面，但是由于英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識不扎實，語言不規(guī)范，也往往失分嚴重。最突出的語言錯誤有以扎實，語言不規(guī)范，也往往失分嚴重。最突出的語言錯誤有以下幾種：下幾種
2、：（1）主謂不一致主謂不一致。 Father and I am going to visit her. My uncle often go to the cinema himself. （2）時態(tài)、語態(tài)混用時態(tài)、語態(tài)混用。 The meal is so nice that we all enjoyed it very much. The old man knocked down by the car and injured badly. （3）句子成分殘缺句子成分殘缺。 But the car which painted red didnt stop. The young man runnin
3、g in the street fast. He wouldnt able to work out the problem. We all against all forms of terrorist activities.（4）習慣搭配亂用習慣搭配亂用。 I very like the novel. Then we set off digging, planting and watering. （5）漢式英語漢式英語。 a) The car is yellow colour. b)He cost five yuan to buy a new dictionary. c)Recently ou
4、r village has taken place great changes. d)The factory broke out a big fire last Sunday. e)Chinese population is many.（6）名詞單、復數(shù)不分名詞單、復數(shù)不分。 He will give us a talk on American film. He is one of the best player in our school. （7）贅詞現(xiàn)象嚴重贅詞現(xiàn)象嚴重。 At last, the lost boy returned back. On one day, he went to
5、 the cinema. （8）用詞不當用詞不當。 I hope you to help the girl with her homework. （9）拼寫和詞形變化錯誤拼寫和詞形變化錯誤。 The car hitted the old man and drived away. On his way to school, he sew a little girl. （10）前后人稱不一致前后人稱不一致。 Swimming and football are his favourite sports, he likes it all his life. The little girl usuall
6、y goes to school at 7 in the morning, but today he was late for school. （11）結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤: a)Having heard the news, her heart beat faster and faster. b) He wrote about 300 stories, some of them had been translated into Chinese. c)We should teach children dont play and ride bikes on the road. d)There were
7、 hundreds of students couldnt go to school because they were poor. (12)詞義不清楚詞義不清楚: a)He managed to swim across the river, but failed. b)Ive delayed to return you the book English Usage,which you borrowed me two days before. c)I was very difficult to refuse and had to receive her invitation. 句子表達多樣性的
8、途徑句子表達多樣性的途徑 高考英語書面表達新的評分標準要求考生使用高考英語書面表達新的評分標準要求考生使用高級詞匯高級詞匯、復雜句式復雜句式、過渡性詞語過渡性詞語和和不同的表達方式不同的表達方式，從而增加文，從而增加文章的可讀性和表現(xiàn)力。章的可讀性和表現(xiàn)力。1)改變句子的語序，通過改變句子的語序，通過倒裝某成分倒裝某成分、倒裝句倒裝句、強調(diào)句強調(diào)句、感感嘆句嘆句等手段實現(xiàn)句子形式的多樣化，使句子跌宕起伏，等手段實現(xiàn)句子形式的多樣化，使句子跌宕起伏，文章生動活潑。文章生動活潑。a.He got up very early to catch the bus. To catch the bus， h
9、e got up very early. b.The girl, hungry and thirsty, went back home. The girl went back home,hungry and thirsty. c.Tom knew his mistakes only then. Only then did Tom know his mistakes.第二步：多悟思變的過渡階段第二步：多悟思變的過渡階段 d.The news that our football team had won came soon. The news came soon that our football
10、 team had won. e.It began to rain just at ten oclock. It was at ten oclock that it began to rain.2)用復合句（用復合句（定從定從、狀從狀從、名詞性從句名詞性從句、并列句等并列句等）來代替簡單句，使語言由松散變凝練，增強句子的連貫來代替簡單句，使語言由松散變凝練，增強句子的連貫性和句意的表現(xiàn)力，使行文更富文采。性和句意的表現(xiàn)力，使行文更富文采。a）I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man
11、came out of the park on the other side of the street. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games .I was excited. I was excited to hear that Beijing won the bid fo
12、r the 2008 Olympic Games b ) The flat is in a building on Fangcao street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. The flat,which is in a building on Fangcao street., is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. c ) This is the place. I worked with the farmers in the past. This is the place where I wor
13、ked with the farmers in the past. d) Mary stood in front of the window. From that place she could see her classmates playing football. Mary stood in front of the window from where she could see her classmates playing football. 3) 同位語從句同位語從句與寫作1.I believe you have hardly any idea how anxious Ive been
14、 for your safety.2.I had little idea at that time whether they were willing to give me a hand.3.I have hardly any doubt that she can do as well as I can.4. I have no impression what he had done before.5. In my opinion, there seems to be a fear in him that he would be taken in by us.6. There seems to
15、 be no possibility that high oil prices will have a profound impact on the world economy.7. The problem must be paid attention to that more and more school children are addicted to Internet games.8. Your suggestion made last week that we workers should get a pay rise has now been adopted.9. Word cam
16、e that our team had won the game.10.My students hold the point that what a book says is right.11.Dad made a promise last night that if I passed the exam, he would buy me a present.12.It is an interesting fact that when men try to do the same things as nature does, they usually have to do them in a d
17、ifferent way. 4) 多使用多使用短語結(jié)構(gòu)短語結(jié)構(gòu)來簡化從句或合并短句：常見的短語結(jié)構(gòu)有來簡化從句或合并短句：常見的短語結(jié)構(gòu)有分詞短語分詞短語、介詞短語介詞短語、名詞短語名詞短語、同位語結(jié)構(gòu)同位語結(jié)構(gòu)和和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。It was fine. We went out.It being fine, we went out.When you are crossing the street, you must be very careful. When crossing the street, you must be very careful.If the trees wer
18、e given more water, they would have grown better. Given more water, they would have grown better. The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news. Hearing the bad news，the young man couldnt help crying. Its a small flat. Its 25 square meters. It has a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen .
19、 Its a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen . 精確詞匯及高級詞匯精確詞匯及高級詞匯： 第三步：文質(zhì)兼美的高級階段第三步：文質(zhì)兼美的高級階段怎樣使用較高級的詞匯和 “固式結(jié)構(gòu)”: 1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.he weather being good,our journey was comfortable.2.We all think he is a great man.We all c
20、onsider him to be a great man.3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. Suddenly a good idea occurred to me.使用排比使用排比 Whether your tastes are modern on traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natu
21、ral gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.長短句交替使用長短句交替使用，體現(xiàn)表達節(jié)奏美，體現(xiàn)表達節(jié)奏美 長句和短句是就句子的字數(shù)多少、形體長短而言的。長句和短句各有其優(yōu)點長句和短句是就句子的字數(shù)多少、形體長短而言的。長句和短句各有其優(yōu)點和缺點。長句，因為使用的定語、狀語較多，限制了概念的外延，增大了和缺點。長句，因為使用的
22、定語、狀語較多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的內(nèi)涵，所以比較精確、嚴密，但使用起來不夠活潑簡便。短句，由概念的內(nèi)涵，所以比較精確、嚴密，但使用起來不夠活潑簡便。短句，由于字數(shù)少，直截了當，一般比較簡潔、明快、有力，但不利于表達復雜的于字數(shù)少，直截了當，一般比較簡潔、明快、有力，但不利于表達復雜的語義內(nèi)容。在具體語言活動中，最好長短句交替使用。這既體現(xiàn)了節(jié)奏上語義內(nèi)容。在具體語言活動中，最好長短句交替使用。這既體現(xiàn)了節(jié)奏上的要求，也是意義上的需要。例如：的要求，也是意義上的需要。例如： We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.There are man
23、y trees along the streets.There is a clean river in the city. There are many fishes in the river.There are willow trees on the one side.There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.There are many flowers on them. 文中七個句子都是簡單句，句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一，而且句子長短同一，都在七八詞文中七個句子都是簡單句，句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一，而且句子長短同一，都在七八詞左右，十分單調(diào)。下面是修改
24、后的段落：左右，十分單調(diào)。下面是修改后的段落： Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener.Green trees line the streets.A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes around. On the one side stand rows of willow trees.On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with ma
25、ny yellow and red flowers. 改寫后的這段文字，有長句，也有短句，一長一短，抑揚頓挫的節(jié)奏感就出改寫后的這段文字，有長句，也有短句，一長一短，抑揚頓挫的節(jié)奏感就出來了。不僅使句子長短交插，而且句型結(jié)構(gòu)變化也很大，使文章流暢自然，生來了。不僅使句子長短交插，而且句型結(jié)構(gòu)變化也很大，使文章流暢自然，生動活潑。動活潑。 為了豐富外國留學生的生活，你校學生會將舉辦一為了豐富外國留學生的生活，你校學生會將舉辦一次音樂周活動。請你以組織者的身份寫一個書面通知。次音樂周活動。請你以組織者的身份寫一個書面通知。有關(guān)內(nèi)容如下：有關(guān)內(nèi)容如下：時間：時間：5月第一周月第一周活動：（活動：（1
26、）演唱歌曲：流行歌曲）演唱歌曲：流行歌曲 (2 ) 器樂演奏：古典和民間音樂器樂演奏：古典和民間音樂 （3）音樂比賽：聽歌曲片段，然后猜出處）音樂比賽：聽歌曲片段，然后猜出處地點：屆時通知地點：屆時通知參加者請于參加者請于4月月20日前報名。日前報名。注意：（注意：（1）書面通知應寫成一篇連貫的短文；）書面通知應寫成一篇連貫的短文； （2）可以適當增減細節(jié)；）可以適當增減細節(jié)； （3）詞數(shù)）詞數(shù)100左右；左右； （4）通知格式已為你寫好。）通知格式已為你寫好。 參考詞匯：古典參考詞匯：古典classical 民間民間folk 比賽比賽contest 樂器樂器musical -instrume
27、nts NOTICE The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. The aim of the activities is to enrich the lives of foreign students. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your own musical instruments, pleas
28、e. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to a part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If youd like to take part in the music week, please come and sign up for it before April 20th. The place for the activities will
29、be announced later. Come to the great fun! Students Union 過渡詞的應用過渡詞的應用: 有的學生在作文中使用過多的簡單句 ，成了簡單句的堆砌，句子之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。有的寫復雜句時，動輒用so, and, then, but, or, however, yet等，這非但達不到豐富表達方式的目的，反而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散、呆板。如果合理使用過渡詞，將單句前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系主次關(guān)系，就能把一個比較復雜的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達得層次清楚、意義連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹。使用連接詞，將單句與其前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系，就把一個比較復雜的內(nèi)使
30、用連接詞，將單句與其前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系，就把一個比較復雜的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達得層次清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹。例如：容和關(guān)系表達得層次清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹。例如： Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact.這段文字用簡單句表達，它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。這段文字用簡單句表達，它們之間內(nèi)在的
31、邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。It is a widely accepted fact _that_ there is a major concern around the world where_ the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, _which_ it is considered to be true.啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的過渡詞語：啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的過渡詞語： (1) 用于“啟” 的過渡詞語（常用在段落或文章的開頭）first, first of all, at first, in the first
32、place, firstly, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,It is often said thatAs the proverb saysIt goes without saying thatIt is clear/obvious thatMany people often ask啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的過渡詞語：啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的過渡詞語：(2) 用于用于“承承” 的過渡詞語（通常用在段落
33、中的第一個擴的過渡詞語（通常用在段落中的第一個擴展句中）展句中）second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time,
34、 no doubt,It is true thatEverybody knows thatIt, can be easily proved thatNo one can deny thatThe reason whyis thatThere is no doubt thatTo takefor an example(instance)What is more serious is that 啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的過渡詞語：啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的過渡詞語：(3) 用于用于“轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)” 的過渡詞語（通常用在段落中的第二個的過渡詞語（通常用在段落中的第二個擴展句中）擴展句中）but, however, on the
35、 other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate,nevertheless, otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of, yet, instead,I do not believe thatPerhaps youll ask whyThis may be true， but we still have a problem with regard toThough we are in basic agreement wit
36、h, yet differences will be found.Thats why I feel that 啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的過渡詞語：啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合的過渡詞語：(4) 用于用于“合合” 的過渡詞語（通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或的過渡詞語（通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或文章的結(jié)論段中）文章的結(jié)論段中）in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, there fore, as a result,
37、above all, thus, after all, eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum, on the whole, to sum upFrom this point of viewOn account of this we can find thatThe result is dependent onThus, this is the reason why we must Exerxise:運用適當?shù)倪^渡詞運用適當?shù)倪^渡詞（1）湖北卷）湖北卷 Im very glad to have received
38、 the letter you sent me two weeks ago. Ive been thinking about the question you asked me. _, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad. _, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. _, I know a few big companies in our c
39、ity are hoping to hire people like you. _, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. _, I think its a god idea for you to return. _ what are you waiting for?(2) 福建卷福建卷My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations _ that some students cheat in examin
40、ations at school. As students, we often take examinations at school, _ sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. _, some of us are lazy and dont work hard at our lessons. _ when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. _, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard_ cheating in examinations. _, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
高考英語一輪復習 化難為易巧增分 寫作專題 書面表達訓練三步法課件
