中考易(深圳專版)中考英語 第2部分 語法復(fù)習(xí) 專題九 時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件
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1、中考語法專題九中考語法專題九 時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)時態(tài) 8 種時態(tài)種時態(tài)標(biāo)志標(biāo)志特特 殊殊 用用 法法一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在1)經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動作或存在狀態(tài)2)表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)及永恒的真理注意:主語是第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it, Tom, my teacher)表示頻度的副表示頻度的副詞:詞:always, usually , often , sometimes , seldom , hardly , every week , once a month .1)在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,如果主句含有將來時、情態(tài)動詞,或者是祈使句,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來
2、時。2)在賓語從句賓語從句中,當(dāng)從句表示客客觀真理觀真理或普遍規(guī)律普遍規(guī)律時,無論主句是過去還是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài),從句從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。3) begin ,come, go, leave, start, stop, arrive, return, open, close 等等動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按計劃動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按計劃,規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作,規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作時態(tài)時態(tài) 8 種時態(tài)種時態(tài)標(biāo)志標(biāo)志特特 殊殊 用用 法法一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在1)經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動作或存在狀態(tài)2)表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)及永恒的真理注意:主語是第三第三人稱單數(shù)人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it, Tom, my
3、 teacher)動詞現(xiàn)在時第三人稱類型變化規(guī)則例子一般情況在詞尾加-stake-takeslisten-listens以-s, -x,-o -sh, -ch,結(jié)尾在詞尾加-esgo-goeswash-washes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y 為i再加-estry-triesstudy-studies特殊情況不規(guī)則變化have-has時態(tài)時態(tài) 8 種時態(tài)種時態(tài)標(biāo)志標(biāo)志特特 殊殊 用用 法法一般過去時一般過去時1.過去時間發(fā)生的事情,存在的狀態(tài)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。2.結(jié)構(gòu):was/were +表語 there was/were 實義動詞+動詞過去式1)yesterday.; 2)last week.
4、 3)two days ago ,4)just now = a moment ago 剛才 ; 5)this morning 6)in 1980 過去式的構(gòu)成方法類型規(guī)則例子一般情況在詞尾加-edclimb-climbedplant-planted以 e結(jié)尾在詞尾加-dlive-liveddie-died以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾”改y為i 再加-edstudy-studiedfry-fried以重讀閉音節(jié),末尾一個輔音字母雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-edstop-stoppedadmit-admitted不規(guī)則變化put-puttake-took時態(tài)時態(tài) 8 種時態(tài)種時態(tài)標(biāo)志標(biāo)志特特 殊殊 用用 法法
5、現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作2)句式結(jié)構(gòu):主語+is/am/are +現(xiàn)在分詞常用時態(tài)標(biāo)志:1) Listen , Look .2) now, at this time , these days ;表示位置移動的詞 go , come , leave, arrive 表示交通方式的詞 walk , drive, fly 常用進行時進行時表示將來時。將來時。現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)類型變化規(guī)則例子一般情況直接加-inggo-goinghelp-helping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去e加-ingleave-leavingwrite-writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫詞尾的
6、輔音字母再加-ingrun-runningstop-stopping以ie結(jié)尾改ie 為y 再加-ingdie-dyinglie-lying時態(tài)時態(tài) 8 種時態(tài)種時態(tài)標(biāo)志標(biāo)志特特 殊殊 用用 法法過去進行時過去進行時1.表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。2.結(jié)構(gòu):was/were +現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)then, at that time, at five yesterday from 2 to 3 yesterdaywhen , while 引導(dǎo)的 時間狀語從句一般將來時一般將來時1)表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)2)結(jié)構(gòu) will/shall+ 動詞原形be going
7、to +動詞原形現(xiàn)在進行時表將來tomorrow ,next week,in the future, soon , how soon , in 10 days , in 2020be going to + V 原形,常用來表示計劃,打算做某事過去將來時過去將來時1.表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),即“從過去看將來”2.結(jié)構(gòu) would + 動詞原形 was/were going to + 動詞原形常用于主句主句是 一一般過去時般過去時的賓語從句中I told him I would finish that project the next day.時態(tài)時態(tài) 8 種時態(tài)種時態(tài)標(biāo)志
8、標(biāo)志特特 殊殊 用用 法法現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。還表示動作從過去某時間開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)下去。2)結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has + 過去分詞1)already (肯定句)yet (否定句,疑問句)2)ever, never ;3)just, before , so far ; recently 4)since+ 一般一般過去時過去時since 1990 , since two years ago;=for two years ;5)in the past few years1)have / has gone to 去了某地(不在
9、說話的地方)have / has been to 去過(強調(diào)次數(shù))have / has been in 在某地(強調(diào)一段時間)2)瞬間性動詞瞬間性動詞要轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動詞動詞for + 段時間段時間 since +一段時間一段時間+ago / 一般過去一般過去時時How long .buy have borrow keep die be dead leave be away from come here be here時態(tài)時態(tài) 8 種時態(tài)種時態(tài)標(biāo)志標(biāo)志特特 殊殊 用用 法法過去完成時過去完成時1.表示到過去某時間為止或在過去某時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成的動作,即“過去的過去”2.結(jié)構(gòu):主語+
10、had+ 過去分詞By/before+過去的時間構(gòu)成的介詞短語 e.g by the end of last year1)before, when 引導(dǎo)的一般過去時的從句過去的動作動作之前 when I got to the stationbefore I went out,過去的時間時間之前, by last month , by the end of last month(一)(一) 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時1.Tom _ to school by bike every day. ( go ) 2.They _( go) to school on foot 3.否定句 He _ to scho
11、ol by bike every day. 4. 否定句They _ to school on foot5. 一般疑問句_ he _ to school by bike every day ? 6. 一般疑問句 they to school on foot?goesgodoesnt godont go Doesgogo Do 考點自測一考點自測一考點一考點一: 動詞三單的變化規(guī)則動詞三單的變化規(guī)則1. 直接在動詞后面加-s look-looks like-likes2. 以s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾的詞語后面加-es brush brushes watches3. 以y結(jié)尾的詞語,變y為i
12、 加-es fly-flies carry-carries4. 不規(guī)則變化 have-has時態(tài):時態(tài): 1. The teacher said the sun _( rise)in the east and _ ( set) in the west. 2. If it _( not rain) tomorrow, well go the park. 3. I will tell him as soon as he _( come) back. risessetsdoesnt raincomes (二)(二) 一般過去時一般過去時 1. Tom _(clean) the classroom y
13、esterday.2. 否定句 Tom _the classroom yesterday3. 一般疑問句 _ Tom _ the classroom yesterday ?4. 肯定回答 _ , _.5. 否定回答 _ , _.考點一:動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則考點一:動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則1. 直接在動詞后面加-ed want-wanted look-looked2. 以e結(jié)尾的在動詞后面直接加-d like-liked 3. 重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫最后一個字母加-edstop-stopped4. 以y結(jié)尾的變y 為i 加ed carry-carried cleaneddidnt cleanDidclea
14、nYeshe did. Nohe didnt (二)(二) 一般過去時一般過去時 考點二:考點二:used to do sth 過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣或動作。過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣或動作。be/ become/ get used to+doing, 習(xí)慣于做習(xí)慣于做” 1.國王過去常常住在城堡里。 The kings used to live in the castle in France.2.我爺爺習(xí)慣于住在鄉(xiāng)下。 My grandpa is used to living in the countryside.考點三:考點三:“It is+一段時間一段時間+since+一般過
15、去時一般過去時”,表示,表示“自自從從以來有以來有時間時間”的意思,主句可用的意思,主句可用it is來代替來代替It has been1. 自從我來到深圳已經(jīng)10年了。 It is 10 years since I _ Shenzhen.came to (三)現(xiàn)在進行時(三)現(xiàn)在進行時1.He_ his homework now.( do ) 2.否定句 He _his homework now. 3.一般疑問句 _ he _his homework now ?4.肯定回答 _ , _.5.否定回答 _ , _.is doingisnt doing Is doingYes he isNo h
16、e isnt (三)現(xiàn)在進行時(三)現(xiàn)在進行時1. 直接在動詞后面加-ing do-doing ski-skiing2. 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞,去掉e 再加-ing write-writing ride-riding3. 重讀閉音節(jié)單詞,雙寫最后一個字母再加-ing shop-shopping swim-swimming 考點一:動詞現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則考點一:動詞現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則 1. I _ (come ). 我就來了。 I am coming考點二:現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來。(常用詞考點二:現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來。(常用詞come ,go, leave .start, move,) I am
17、coming (四)(四) 過去進行時過去進行時1. He his homework at 8 yesterday. 2. 否定句 He his homework at 8 yesterday.3. 一般疑問句 he his homework at 8 yesterday?4. 肯定回答 , .5. 否定回答 , .was doing wasnt doing WasdoingYeshe was No he wasnt (四)(四) 過去進行時過去進行時1. 當(dāng)老師進來的時候,我們在讀書。We _ when the teacher came in.考點一:過去進行時考點一:過去進行時+when+
18、一般過去時一般過去時, 1. 媽媽在做飯時,我在看電視。While mum _, I was _TV.考點二:過去進行時考點二:過去進行時+while+過去進行時過去進行時were reading books was cooking watching (五)(五) 一般將來時一般將來時 1.He _(make) a card for his Mum this weekend. 2.否定句 He _(make) a card for his Mum this weekend.3.一般疑問句_he _(make) a card for his Mum this weekend.4.肯定回答 _ ,
19、 _.5. 否定回答 _ , _.will makewill make WillmakeYes he willNo he wont (五)(五) 一般將來時一般將來時 1. 用用你的大腦,你將會找到辦法。Use your head, and you _(find) a way.考點一:祈使句考點一:祈使句+and/or+句子,這種結(jié)構(gòu)中句子,這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語后面的句子謂語可用一般將來時??捎靡话銓頃r。1. Open the window, ? 2. Lets go to the zoo, ?考點二:祈使句考點二:祈使句+反意疑問句部分(反意疑問句部分(will you)1. 將
20、有場運動會。 There _ a sports meeting.考點三:考點三:be going to +動詞原形,表示打算做某事或可能要發(fā)動詞原形,表示打算做某事或可能要發(fā)生某事。生某事。will find will youis going to be will you ( 六六 ) 過去將來時過去將來時1.He said he _(come) to see me.2.I was told that he_( return) home.would comewould return 1.He_(finish)for ten days.2.否定句 He _(finish)for ten days
21、. 3.一般疑問句 _ he _ (finish)for ten days?4.肯定回答 _ , _.5.否定回答 _ , _.考點一:現(xiàn)在完成時考點一:現(xiàn)在完成時+for+時間段時間段/since+時間點時間點1. I _ (live) in Shenzhen for two years. /since 2 years ago.( 七七 ) 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 has finishedHashas finished finished Yes he has No he hasnt have lived ( 七七 ) 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 1.-Where is Lily?- She _ to
22、 Beijing.2.I _ to Beijing twice.3. My parents _ Shenzhen since 1999.考點二:考點二:has gone to/has been to / have been in 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1. Shenzhen _ a lot in the past 50 years. ( change ) 考點三:現(xiàn)在完成時考點三:現(xiàn)在完成時+表示表示“最近幾世紀(jì)最近幾世紀(jì)/年年/月以來月以來”時時間狀語,如:間狀語,如:in the past few years/months/weeks/dayshas gone to have been tohave
23、 been in has changed ( 七七 ) 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 1. 這是我第一次參觀中國。 This is my first time that I _ (visit) China.2. 這是我看過的最有趣的電影。This is the most interesting film that I _ ever _(see). 3. 那是他寫的唯一的書。 That is the only book that he _( write). 考點四:表示考點四:表示“第幾次做某事第幾次做某事”或在或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting)+名詞
24、名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。成時。 have visitedhave seen has written ( 七七 ) 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 1.die- _ 2.borrow- _3.buy- _ 4. open- _ 5.close- _ 6. begin- _7. leave- _ (from) 8.join- _9.marry - _ 10.go- _11.return-_12.他已經(jīng)買了那本書。 He _the book.13. 他買了那本書已經(jīng)三天了 He _ the book for 3 days.考點五:延續(xù)性動詞考點五:延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。瞬間動詞的轉(zhuǎn)
25、換。been dead kepthadbe openbeen closedbeen on been away been a member ofbeen marriedbeen awaybeen back 1.Tom_ the work when they came back. (finish)2.否定句 Tom _ the work when they came back.3.一般疑問句 _ Tom _ the work when they came back?4.肯定回答 _ , _.5.否定回答 _ , _.考點一:過去完成時考點一:過去完成時+by the end of+過去時間過去時間
26、1. We_ 200 bridges by the end of 2000.(build)2. By the time he was 14, he _ ( set) up a small company of his own.( 八八 )過去完成時)過去完成時 had finishedhadnt finishedHad finishedYes he hadNohe hadnthad built had set ( 八八 )過去完成時)過去完成時 1.We _ the homework when the teacher came back. (finish) 2.When I got to th
27、e checkout, I realized that I _ ( leave) my purse at home.考點二:過去完成時考點二:過去完成時+when+一般過去時一般過去時1.He said he_ the film. ( see ) 2.She told me she _ ( be ill) recently.3.He said he _ ( know) nothing about her until then.考點三:用于賓語從句中考點三:用于賓語從句中had finished had left had seenhad been ill had known 語態(tài)語態(tài)1、不知道或
28、者沒有必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者:Some expensive watches were stolen last night. 昨晚一些昂貴的手表被盜了。2、需要強調(diào)和突出動作的承受者:English is spoken widely in the world. 英語在世界上廣泛地使用。3、句子的主語是動作的承受者:Much soil was washed away by the heavy rain. 大量泥土被大雨沖走。4、說話或者發(fā)表意見,為了顯得公正客觀,也常用以下結(jié)構(gòu):It is said that 據(jù)說 It is hoped that 希望It is believed that 據(jù)信
29、It is reported that 據(jù)報道被動語態(tài)的用法:被動語態(tài)的用法:各種時態(tài)的主動被動語態(tài)一覽表各種時態(tài)的主動被動語態(tài)一覽表時態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesis/am/are +doneI close the door.The door is closed一般過去時didwas/were +dongTim made the paper bag.The paper bag was made by Tim.一般將來時will/shall + dowill/shall + be doneThey will build a ne
30、w library in our school.The new library will be built in our school.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are +doingam/is/are +being doneThey are cleaning the room.The room is being cleaned by them.各種時態(tài)的主動被動語態(tài)一覽表各種時態(tài)的主動被動語態(tài)一覽表時態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時have/has +donehave/has +been doneI havent found my purse.My
31、purse hasnt been found.過去進行時was/were +doingwas/were+ being doneKim was repairing the bicycle.The bicycle was being repaired by Kim. 過去完成時had+ donehad+ been doneThey had written two books by the end of last month.Two books had been written by the end of last month.過去將來時would/should +dowould/should +b
32、e doneHe said they would hold a party.He said a party would be held. 含情態(tài)動詞can/may/must+ docan/may/must+ be doneWe can finish this project.This project can be finished by us.語態(tài)語態(tài)考點一考點一 happen / take place 無被動語態(tài)無被動語態(tài) (,)被動語態(tài)。 如:sound, seem, smell, taste, look, feel sell , suit, wash, wear, write The s
33、ong sounds beautiful. The cloth feels soft / comfortable. The books sell well . The shoes suit you. This cloth washes well. Silk wears well. This pen writes well.考點二考點二 有些有些 表狀態(tài)特征的系動詞表狀態(tài)特征的系動詞 和某些和某些 表主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)表主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能的動詞或性能的動詞,通常不用,通常不用 語態(tài)語態(tài)She made me do the housework . I was made to do the housewo
34、rk by her . I saw him enter the room just now . He was seen to enter the room just mow. 考點三考點三 下列詞在主動中省略下列詞在主動中省略to,被動句中加上,被動句中加上to . see , hear , let , make, watch, notice, feel等使役動詞和感官等使役動詞和感官動詞在主動語態(tài)中與省略動詞在主動語態(tài)中與省略to的動詞不定式連用,但變成被的動詞不定式連用,但變成被動語態(tài)以后,要把省略的動語態(tài)以后,要把省略的to還原。還原。語態(tài)語態(tài)We laughed at him. He
35、was laughed at (by us).People take care good of the old men in China.The old men in China are taken good care of.考點四考點四 由不及物動詞由不及物動詞+ 介詞或副詞形成的被動語態(tài),后面介詞或副詞形成的被動語態(tài),后面的介詞或副詞不能去掉。的介詞或副詞不能去掉。This kind of pen writes very smoothly.The books sell well. 考點五考點五 open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut,
36、 drive 等詞做不及物動詞且他們的主語為物時,可用主動等詞做不及物動詞且他們的主語為物時,可用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。語態(tài)表示被動意義。語態(tài)語態(tài)The question is easy to answer.The mountain is difficult to climb.考點六考點六 不定式在某些形容詞之后且與主語有動賓關(guān)系,主動語不定式在某些形容詞之后且與主語有動賓關(guān)系,主動語態(tài)表示被動。態(tài)表示被動。I will have my watch repaired soon. 考點七考點七 “have/get +賓語賓語+ 過去分詞過去分詞”這個結(jié)構(gòu)也表示一種被這個結(jié)構(gòu)也表示一種被動的意思。動的意思。The flowers need watering.These books are worth reading. 考點八考點八 在在need 后面,主動的后面,主動的-ing 形式表示被動的意義;在形式表示被動的意義;在be worth doing 中,中,-doing 也表示被動也表示被動
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