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1、一般結(jié)構(gòu)一般結(jié)構(gòu) to do 否定結(jié)構(gòu)否定結(jié)構(gòu)not to do 1. 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)2. 作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4. 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)5. 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)6. 作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)7. 作獨(dú)立成分作獨(dú)立成分8. 與疑問(wèn)詞等連用與疑問(wèn)詞等連用三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn .(1). 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后,用用it作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ).My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.is
2、is(2). 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)I want to go home.The workers needed to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboa
3、rd.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽(tīng)二聽(tīng) listen to hear一感覺(jué)一感覺(jué): feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí)后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的的各種形式各
4、種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞如果不
5、定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞則不定式中要有介詞.)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面被修飾詞的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定語(yǔ)之后。且放在其他后置定語(yǔ)之后。1. 不定式做定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間有不定式做定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間有三種三種關(guān)系：關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)。他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)。 (3)同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系 We all have a chance to go to
6、college. 我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。2. 不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，即使是及物動(dòng)詞，不定作的地點(diǎn)工具等，即使是及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面仍須有式后面仍須有相應(yīng)的介詞相應(yīng)的介詞。 3. 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他沒(méi)錢(qián)沒(méi)地方住。他沒(méi)錢(qián)沒(méi)地方住。請(qǐng)給我一支寫(xiě)字的筆請(qǐng)給我一支寫(xiě)字的筆.Please give me a pen to w
7、rite with.4. something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。注意比較：注意比較：1. Do you have anything to send?你有什么東西你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式要寄嗎？（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的的me或
8、或someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,關(guān)于小品詞關(guān)于小品詞to (1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過(guò)不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過(guò),下文要下文要 省略該動(dòng)詞省略該動(dòng)詞. eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省不可省. eg: Would you like to
9、 be a teacher? Id like to be.不定式與疑問(wèn)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞who,which, when, how, what who,which, when, how, what 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道說(shuō)什么。他不知道說(shuō)什么。( (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。( (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) ) My question is w
10、hen to start. .我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。候開(kāi)始。( (表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)) )注意：注意：在與在與whywhy連用時(shí)，只用于連用時(shí)，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶短疑問(wèn)句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶toto。 Why not have a rest?1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4. prefer + n./doing A +t
11、o + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B8. would rather + 句子（過(guò)去式）句子（過(guò)去式） （虛擬語(yǔ)氣）（虛擬語(yǔ)氣） 要做要做1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The Arctic is considered
12、 _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being3.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off4. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school to study in B. school f
13、or children to studyC. studying school D. school to study5.We find it impossible for us _ the work.A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished6._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made7. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg8.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read
天津市大港區(qū)中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 不定式輔導(dǎo)課件
