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1、Module 4Fine Arts Western, Chinese and Pop Arts動名詞動名詞 (the-ing form) 和不定式和不定式 (infinitive) 都能作賓語，用動名詞還都能作賓語，用動名詞還是用不定式要受前邊的動詞限制。是用不定式要受前邊的動詞限制。 一、只能接動名詞作賓語，常見的動詞有：一、只能接動名詞作賓語，常見的動詞有：avoid, admit, advise, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, forbid, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, permit, re
2、sist, risk, suggest等。等。例如：例如： I am considering changing my plan. We dont permit smoking here but you are allowed to smoke here.二、只能接不定式的動詞有：二、只能接不定式的動詞有：要求、希望、想要一類的動詞。如：要求、希望、想要一類的動詞。如：hope, wish, expect, intend (想要想要)，ask, demand；同意一類的動詞。如：同意一類的動詞。如：agree, promise；愿不愿意一類的動詞。如：愿不愿意一類的動詞。如：care (愿意愿意
3、)，refuse 等；等；決定、企圖一類的動詞。如：決定、企圖一類的動詞。如：determine, decide, offer, attempt, manage, hesitate 等。等。外加外加 plan, pretend, fail。三、即可接不定式，又可接動名詞，意思上三、即可接不定式，又可接動名詞，意思上無多大差別的有：無多大差別的有：begin, start, love, hate, continue, need, require, want, like。別外別外 require, want (需要需要)，need 這三個詞都這三個詞都表示表示“需要需要”，指客觀事物需要，指客觀事
4、物需要時，雖時，雖接不定式和動名詞意義上無區(qū)別，但動名詞接不定式和動名詞意義上無區(qū)別，但動名詞用主動形式，不定式用被動形式。例如：用主動形式，不定式用被動形式。例如： The desks need repairing. The desks need to be repaired. 四、接不定式和接動名詞意義上有很大差別，四、接不定式和接動名詞意義上有很大差別，常見的有：常見的有：remember, forget, regret, try, mean。這些動詞還可分為兩類，這些動詞還可分為兩類，remember, forget, regret 是接動名詞和不定式含義不同；是接動名詞和不定式含義不
5、同；regret, try 和和 mean 是因本身詞義的不同，是因本身詞義的不同，分別要求接不定式或動名詞。例如：分別要求接不定式或動名詞。例如： I remember locking the door. Remember to lock the door when you leave.剩下的可按以下口訣來記：剩下的可按以下口訣來記： 想要干，同意辦；愿不愿意，想要干，同意辦；愿不愿意， 別假扮，問問看，一旦決定，盡量干。別假扮，問問看，一旦決定，盡量干。 They decided to do the experiment again. Tom failed to pass the exam
6、ination.Suggested answers (P 35) The verbs that can be followed by the-ing form： like，enjoy，hate，dislike，love The verbs that can be followed by the infinitive： like，decide，hope，agree，hate，love，plan，refuse，aim，attempt，promise，learn不定式不定式不定式屬于非限定動詞。它除了不能不定式屬于非限定動詞。它除了不能作謂語外，在句中可以充當任何成分。作謂語外，在句中可以充當任何成
7、分。不定式可以作主語、表語、賓語、補不定式可以作主語、表語、賓語、補語、定語和狀語。下面說說作目的狀語、定語和狀語。下面說說作目的狀語和賓語的情況。語和賓語的情況。不定式在句中作目的狀語，常譯成不定式在句中作目的狀語，常譯成“為為了了”。不定式一般放在被修飾詞之后，但。不定式一般放在被修飾詞之后，但為了強調(diào)目的也可放在句首。為了加強語為了強調(diào)目的也可放在句首。為了加強語氣，不定式前還可加上氣，不定式前還可加上in order或或so as, 即即構成短語：構成短語：in order to , so as to 。We should do whatever we can to help them
8、.We got up early in order to catch the school bus.We took an umbrella so as not to get wet.不定式在句中作賓語：不定式在句中作賓語：能以不定式作賓語的動詞有很多，能以不定式作賓語的動詞有很多，如：如：agree, aim, attempt, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, seem, try, start, want, wish等。等。Pop art aimed to show ordinary twen
9、tieth-century city life.I hope to see you again.He decided to take part in the sports meet in the end.注意：注意：1.動詞不定式由動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形動詞原形”構構成，它的否定形式為成，它的否定形式為“not to+動詞動詞原形原形”。He came to school by taxi this morning so as not to be late again.2. 有些動詞常用帶疑問詞的不定式作賓語，有些動詞常用帶疑問詞的不定式作賓語，例如：例如：teach, remember,
10、 advise, show, know, forget, learn, understand, see, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等。等。Can you tell me how to get to the station?They havent decided when to leave so far.動詞的動詞的-ing形式形式動詞的動詞的-ing形式是一種非限定動詞。形式是一種非限定動詞。從性質(zhì)上講，動詞的從性質(zhì)上講，動詞的-ing形式相當于形式相當于名詞、形容詞或副詞，因此在句中可名詞、形容詞或副詞，因此在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、
11、賓補或狀語。作主語、表語、賓語、賓補或狀語。動詞動詞-ing形式作主語形式作主語Painting is difficult for me.I think drawing is a lot easier.動詞動詞-ing形式作表語形式作表語Seeing is believing.My favorite hobby is jogging.動詞動詞-ing形式作介詞賓語形式作介詞賓語Thank you for helping me with my English.The new students are used to getting up early.動詞動詞-ing形式作狀語時常表示時間、形式作
12、狀語時常表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨狀態(tài)。原因、條件、方式或伴隨狀態(tài)。動詞動詞-ing形式的完成式用形式的完成式用“having + 過去分詞過去分詞”表示，它所表示的動作發(fā)表示，它所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，在句中主要表示生在謂語動詞之前，在句中主要表示時間和原因。時間和原因。Having worked there for thirty years, Haydn moved to London.Having turned off the TV, Tom began to read newspaper.Having been to the Great Wall many times,
13、I didnt go there yesterday.注意：注意：1.動詞的動詞的-ing形式作主語，有時也可用形式作主語，有時也可用于于“It is + -ing形式形式”結構。結構。It作形作形式主語，作真正主語的動詞的式主語，作真正主語的動詞的-ing形形式放在句末。式放在句末。It is no use talking too much.Its nice talking to you.2. 不要把作表語的動詞不要把作表語的動詞-ing形式與進行形式與進行時態(tài)相混淆。時態(tài)相混淆。動詞動詞-ing形式作表語表示主語的某種特形式作表語表示主語的某種特征，而進行時態(tài)則表示正在進行的動作。征，而進
14、行時態(tài)則表示正在進行的動作。My favorite sport is skating.（我所喜愛（我所喜愛的運動時滑冰。）的運動時滑冰。）Im skating on the ice now.（我正在冰（我正在冰面上滑冰。）面上滑冰。）3. 介詞介詞to常會與不定式中的常會與不定式中的to香混淆，在香混淆，在此提醒注意。此提醒注意。常見的含有介詞常見的含有介詞to的短語有：的短語有：be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, refer to, stick to等
15、。等。Im looking forward to meeting you.After a short rest, he got down to doing his homework.1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired A2. Its no good _ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry B 3. Have you forgotten _$1000 f
16、rom me last month? Will you please remember _it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringingA4. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning D 5. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waite
17、d C 6. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helpedC7. We should often practice _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking D8. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. to try D. tryingD9. His parents insist on _ to college. A. he sho
18、uld go B. he go C. his going D. him to go C10. _ provides us with essential nutrients, while _ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed C11. He attended the party without _. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited D
19、12. Mary was unhappy for _ the first chance to go abroad. A. not having been given B. not having given C. not giving D. having been given A（2012安徽高考）安徽高考）I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have lockedA（2012
20、安徽高考）安徽高考）When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be askedB（2012全國高考全國高考I）The party will be held in the garden, weather _. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permitA（2012全國高考全國高考I）Film has a
21、 much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared toD（2012北京高考）北京高考）One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correctingD（2012重慶高考）重慶高考）_ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonder film. A. Having been asked D. To ask C. Having asked D. To be askedA（2012天津高考）天津高考）He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched. A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having leftC
遼寧省沈陽市第二十一中學高中英語 Module 4 Fine Arts Western Chinese and Pop Grammar課件 外研版必修2
