高考英語一輪復習 第二部分 語法專練 專題七 名詞性從句課件 外研版

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1、專題七名詞性從句考向分析考向分析名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。高考對名詞性從句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在對what,that,whether,whatever,whichev-er,when,where,how等引導詞的考查上,其中what和that是考查的重點?？键c清單考點清單一、主語從句一、主語從句單句填空單句填空1.Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案答案whoever句意:每年,在風箏節(jié)上,制作出最漂亮的風箏的人會贏得一份獎品。

2、設(shè)空處引導主語從句,從句中缺少主語成分,且表示“無論誰”,故填whoever。語境運用語境運用2.Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps. 答案答案Whatever句意:你的支持對我們的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有幫助。本題考查主語從句。“ you can do”為主語從句,該從句缺少賓語,且表示“任何事情”,故答案為Whatever(相當于Any-thing that)。 3.It is often the case that anything is possible for those who ha

3、ng on to hope. 答案答案that 句意:對于那些總是不放棄希望的人來說,發(fā)生任何事情都是有可能的,這是很常見的?？疾橹髡Z從句。本句中it為形式主語,“ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”為真正的主語;該從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,故由that引導。單句改錯單句改錯4.It is obvious to the students what they should get well prepared for their future. whatthat 答案答案whatthat在題干中,it為形式主語,真正的主語為students之

4、后的主語從句,從句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作為引導詞,what應(yīng)改為that。1.名詞性從句的引導詞:that,if,whether等;連接代詞what,which,whom,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;連接副詞when,where,why,how等。2.主語從句常位于謂語動詞之前,但是有時為了保持句子平衡,會使用it作為形式主語,而把真正的主語放在后面,常見的有:It+be+名詞+that從句(如It is a fact/pity/shame/surprise that.;It is no wonder that.);It+b

5、e+形容詞+that從句(如:It is clear/important/necessary/obvious/pos-sible/strange that.;It is known to all that.);It+be+過去分詞+that從句(如It is believed/reported/said/suggested/thought that.);It+特殊動詞+that從句(如It happens that.;It occurred to sb. that.;It doesnt matter how/whether/what.)。用法精講用法精講二、賓語從句二、賓語從句單句填空單句填空

6、1.She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.答案答案whether/if句意:她問我是否已經(jīng)把書還給圖書館,我承認我還沒有歸還。設(shè)空處引導的是賓語從句,根據(jù)句意可知該賓語從句要用whether/if引導。2.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.答案答案what句意:我們選擇這家賓館是

7、因為這里住一晚上的價格降到了20美元,(20美元)是其過去收費的一半。本題考查賓語從句。逗號后面是$20的同位語,charge后面缺少賓語,故用what引導。語境運用語境運用3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.答案答案where句意:Jane在綠樹成蔭的街道上漫無目的地走著,不知道她要去哪里。設(shè)空處引導賓語從句,從句中缺少地點狀語,故用where引導。單句改錯單句改錯4.After arriving at school, I discussed with som

8、e classmates that we could do. thatwhat 答案答案thatwhat句意:到達學校后,我和一些同學討論我們能做點什么。 “that we could do”為賓語從句,該從句缺少賓語,且表示“物”,故用what而不是that引導。賓語從句往往位于動詞、介詞或某些形容詞之后,其常用句式有:主語+及物動詞+賓語從句;主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句;主語+動詞短語+賓語從句;主語+be+形容詞+賓語從句。此外,it充當形式賓語,而真正的賓語為賓語從句的常用句式有:主語+think/believe/make/find/consider/feel+it+adj./

9、n.+賓語從句;主語+enjoy/hate/love/like/dislike/appreciate/prefer+it+賓語從句;主語+see to/look to/insist on/stick to/depend on/answer for+it+賓語從句;主語+動詞+it+介詞(短語)+賓語從句(如:take it for granted that.想當然地認為;owe it to sb. that.把歸功于)。用法精講用法精講三、表語從句三、表語從句單句填空單句填空1.(2015安徽)A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not what ships

10、are built for.答案答案what“ ships are built for”為表語從句,該從句中缺少賓語且表示“事物”,故答案為what。2.(2017遼寧葫蘆島六校協(xié)作體考試)Thats why it is good to eat fruit and vegetables.答案答案why句意:那就是食用水果和蔬菜有好處的原因?！癟hat is why.”(那就是的原因)是固定句型。語境運用語境運用單句改錯單句改錯3.I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never fin-ishes anyt

11、hing. thatwhy 答案答案thatwhywhich is之后為表語從句,引導詞在從句中作狀語,結(jié)合語境“那就是他一事無成的原因”可知,that應(yīng)改為why。表語從句指的是在句中作表語的從句,常位于系動詞之后,其常用句式有:主語+be動詞+表語從句;主語+appear/look/remain/seem/smell/taste+表語從句。用法精講用法精講四、同位語從句四、同位語從句單句填空單句填空1.The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assis-tant. There is too much work

12、to do. 答案答案that 句意:經(jīng)理提出一個建議,我們應(yīng)該有個助手。有太多的工作要做。本題考查同位語從句?！?we should have an assistant”為同位語從句,說明suggestion的內(nèi)容,用that引導該同位語從句。that只起連接作用,不作成分。語境運用語境運用2.Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;thats one of his favorite uni-versities.答案答案

13、why句意:邁克昨天拒絕了耶魯大學給他的錄取機會,這是真的嗎?是的,但是我不知道他為什么會這樣做,那可是他最喜歡的大學之一。根據(jù)句意填why。why引導同位語從句。3.A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might buy some flowers for my friends mothers 60th birthday.答案答案that句意:我突然有了一個很溫馨的想法,我可以為我朋友的媽媽六十大壽買些鮮花。本題考查同位語從句?！?I might buy some flowers for my friends mothers 60th birth

14、day”作a warm thought的同位語。該從句不缺任何成分,故用that引導。單句改錯單句改錯4.The notice came around two in the afternoon which the meeting would be postponed. whichthat 答案答案whichthat在題干中,afternoon之后為notice的具體內(nèi)容,即同位語從句,從句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故用that作為引導詞。同位語從句常位于某些名詞之后,其引導詞最常用的是that。常跟同位語從句的名詞有:belief,chance,conclusion,demand,desi

15、re,discovery,doubt,evidence,explanation,fact,fear,feeling,hope,idea,news,notice,possibility,problem,promise, report,reply,request,sign,statement,theory,thought,truth,view,warning,wish,word等。為保持句子平衡,主語的同位語從句往往不緊跟其后,而是放在后面,從而形成了分隔式同位語從句,而作賓語或表語的名詞與其同位語從句之間有插入語、狀語或后置定語等修飾成分時,也會形成分隔式同位語從句。例如: Danby left

16、 word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. Danby給我的秘書留言,他下午會再打電話的。用法精講用法精講技巧點撥技巧點撥對名詞性從句的考查從連接詞入手。首先要記住連接詞that,whether/if,as if/though,because,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how等,然后分析它們在從句中所作的成分和它們所引導的從句在整個句子中所作的成分。名詞性從句的解題思路:找出主句;辨別哪部分為名詞性從句;看名詞性從句缺什么成分,缺什么補什么,什么都不缺,用that。