高中英語常見易溷易錯同義詞辨析與精練.doc
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高中英語常見易混易錯同義詞辨析與精練 1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服,謂語動詞永遠是復數, cloth指布,為不可數名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount后接不可數名詞, number后接可數名詞 a number of students 4. family, house, home home 家,包括住處和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成員. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各種各樣的聲音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相機拍攝的照片,picture可指相片,圖片,電影片,drawing畫的畫 Lets go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary詞匯,一個人擁有的單詞量,word具體的單詞He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population人口,人數,people具體的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather一天內具體的天氣狀況,climate長期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road具體的公路,馬路,street街道,path小路,小徑,way道路,途徑 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course課程(可包括多門科目),subject科目(具體的學科)a summer course 12. custom, habit custom傳統(tǒng)風俗,習俗,也可指生活習慣,后接to do, habit生活習慣,習慣成自然,后接of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事實或現象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth,reason用來解釋某種現象或結果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise運動,鍛煉(不可數),exercises練習(可數),practice(反復做的)練習 Practice makes perfect. 15. economic growth 經濟發(fā)展 economical 節(jié)約的 16. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共場所所做的經過準備的較正式的演說,talk日常生活中的一般的談話,講話,lecture學術性的演講,講課 a series of lecture on… 17. officer, official officer部隊的軍官,official政府官員 an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可數,job可數 a good job 19. glance at 匆匆地瞥一下 [強調“匆匆”和“瞥”的短暫] glare at 怒視 [強調情緒是怒] stare at 盯著看,凝視 gaze at 盯住 20.seize 指“突然用力地抓住、握住", 如: The policeman seized a criminal suspect. 警察捉住一個嫌疑犯。 grasp指“緊緊地抓住", 用于比喻意義時指“掌握",“領會", 如: I grasp what the teacher said. grab指“搶奪"、“攫取", 如: The boy grabbed the apple and ran off (with it). 那孩子搶了那個蘋果就跑了。 snatch 指“突然快速地拿、取、奪、搶走", 如: The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away. 老鷹叼了小雞就飛走了。 20. country, nation, state, land country側重指版圖,疆域,nation指人民,國民,民族,state側重指政府,政體,land國土,國家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook廚師,cooker廚具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage不可數名詞, 損害,損失; damages復數形式, 賠償金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman police警察的總稱,后接復數謂語動詞,policeman 指某個具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem常和困難連系,前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise,question常和疑問連系,多和ask, answer連用 25. man, a man man人類,a man一個男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小雞,chicken還可以當雞肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 當電報解時,telegram指具體的,telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍長的旅途,voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動,如打球,游泳,打獵,賽馬等;game指決定勝負的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize price價格,prize獎,獎品,獎金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number of a number of許多,謂語動詞用復數。the number of…的數目,謂語動詞用單數。The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of in front of范圍外的前面,in the front of范圍內的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻,一會兒,for the moment暫時,一時 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. typical : it’s typical of him to be late. Ordinary 平淡無奇的 I am an ordinary student. Common 普通的 Jack is a common English name. Normal 正常的 normal temperature. Usual 往常 she wears usual clothes 38. more than a year, more than one year more than a year一年多,more than one year超過一年(兩年或三年等) 39. take advice, take the(ones) advice take advice征求意見,take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again. 41. in a word, in words in a word總之,一句話, in words口頭上 In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of in place of代替,in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secret in secret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作狀語;in the secret知道內情,知道秘密, 一般用作表語 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一個女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair相當于sit down坐下,take the chair開始開會 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea當海員,出航,by sea乘船,由海路, by the sea在海邊 go by sea 47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher指一個人,既是醫(yī)生又是老師,the doctor and the teacher兩個人,一個醫(yī)生和一個老師 the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the office in office在職的,in the office在辦公室里 He is in office, not out of office. 49. in bed, on the bed in bed臥在床上,on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of管理,負責照料, in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the class in class在課上,in the class在班級里 He is the best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fire on fire著火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question out of question毫無疑問的,out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the second a second又一,再一,the second第…… He won the second prize. 55. by day, by the day by day白天,by the day按天計算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people the people指人,a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 57. it, one it同一物體,one同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 58. that, this that指代上文所提到的,this導出下文所要說的 I was ill. Thats why… 59. none, nothing, no one none強調有多少,nothing, no one強調有沒有,nothing指物,no one指人 --- How many…/How much…? --- None. 60. anyone, any one anyone指人,不能接of,any one指人物均可,可接of any one of you 61. who, what who指姓名或關系,what指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher. 62. what, which what的選擇基礎是無限制的,which在一定范圍內進行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples? 63. other, another other后接名詞復數,another后接名詞單數 other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bit not a little非常,not a bit一點也不 Im not a bit tired. 我一點兒也不累。 65. many, much, a lot of many和可數名詞連用,much和不可數名詞連用,a lot of可數,不可數均可,但不用于否定句 I havent many books. 66. much more…than, many more…than much more…than后接形容詞或不可數名詞,many more…than后接可數名詞 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful 67. no, not no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water 68. no more than, not more than no more than相當于only,僅僅,只有,not more than 至多,不超過 69. majority, most majority只能修飾可數名詞,most可數不可數均可 the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself by oneself單獨的,獨自的,for oneself為自己,to oneself供自己用的,of oneself 自行的, 自動的 The door opened of itself. 71. at all, after all at all根本,全然, after all到底,畢竟 After all he is a child. 72. tall, high tall常指人或動物,high常指物體 He is tall. 73. fast, quickly fast側重于指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點,quickly側重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly 75. healthy, healthful healthy健康的,健壯的,healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy sleeping正在睡覺,asleep睡著,熟睡,只能做表語,sleepy困的,有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy. 77. gold, golden gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金魚用gold fish a gold ring 78. most, mostly most用于表感受的肯定句中,相當于very,當大部分,大多數解時是形容詞或名詞, mostly大部分,是副詞 most people, the people are mostly… 79. just, very just表強調時是副詞,作狀語,very表強調時是形容詞,用作定語 the very man, just the man 80. wide, broad wide側重于一邊到另一邊的距離,broad側重于幅面的寬廣broad shoulders 81. real, true real真的,真實的,指的是事實上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事實和實際情況相符合 real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectable respectful尊敬,有禮貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward 二者均可用作副詞,表示向外,外面,outward還可用作形容詞 an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant常用作定語,pleased, pleasing常用作表語,pleased主語常為人, pleasing主語常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 85. understanding, understandable understanding明白事理的,能體諒的,understandable 可理解的,能夠懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closely close接近,靠近,closely緊緊地,緊密地 closely connected, stand close 87. ill, sick ill做表語,sick定,表均可 a sick boy 88. good, well good形容詞,well副詞,但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still quiet安靜的,可以發(fā)出小的聲音,silent不發(fā)出聲音,但可以動,still完全不動,完全無聲響 He stand there still. 他站在那兒,一動不動,也不說話。 90. hard, hardly hard努力,hardly幾乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capable able與不定式to do連用,capable與of連用 He is capable of doing… 92. almost, nearly 二者均為"幾乎,差不多" 和否定詞連用用almost almost nobody 93. late, lately late遲,晚,lately最近,近來 I havent seen him lately. 94. living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live均為活著的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定語后置,live只能做定語,lively意為活波的 all the living people=all the people alive 95. excited, exciting excited使人興奮的,exciting令人興奮的 Im excited. The news is exciting. 96. deep, deeply deep具體的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 97. aloud, loud aloud出聲地,loud大聲地 read aloud(出聲地讀) 98. worth, worthy 二者均為值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visited. 99. bad, badly bad形容詞,badly副詞,不好,但與need, want, require連用為"很,非常" go bad I need the book badly. 100. before long, long before before long不久以后,long before很久以前 not long before = before long 101. quite, rather quite完全地,相當于completely, rather修飾比較級 quite impossible 102. happy, glad happy高興,幸福,定表均可,glad高興,只能做表語 a happy girl 103. instead, instead of instead是副詞,放在句首或句末,instead of是介詞短語,放在句中 He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film. 104. too much, much too too much 后接不可數名詞,much too后接形容詞 much too heavy 105. be about to, be going to, be to do be about to表最近的將來,后面不接時間狀語,be going to 側重打算,想法, be to do側重意志,計劃,安排Im to meet him.(含雙方事先約好的意思) 106. raise, rise raise及物動詞,rise不及物動詞 The sun rises in the east. 107. bring, take, carry, fetch bring拿來,take帶走,carry隨身攜帶,fetch去回這一往返動作 fetch a box of chalk 108. spend, take, pay, cost spend人做主語,花錢,花時間; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主語,花時間; pay人做主語,花錢,pay for; cost物做主語,花錢 109. join, join in, take part in join加入某個組織,并成為其中的一員;join in參加小型的活動, join sb. in; take part in 參加大型的活動 He joined the army five years ago. 110. learn, study learn學習,側重學習的結果,study學習,側重學習的過程,研究 study the problem 111. want, hope, wish want打算,想要,want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望(通常可以實現),hope to do/ hope that… wish希望(通常不能實現)wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success. 112. discover, invent, find out discover發(fā)現本來存在但不為人所知的東西,invent發(fā)明本來不存在的物體, find out發(fā)現,查明 At last he found out the truth. 113. answer, reply answer及物動詞,reply不及物動詞,后接 to reply to the letter 114. leave, leave for leave離開,leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai. 115. rob, steal rob搶劫 rob sb. of sth.,steal偷 steal sth. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot at shoot射死,shoot at瞄準,但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died. 117. drop, fall drop及物不及物均可,fall不及物動詞 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice. 118. search, search for search后接地點,search for后接東西 He searched his pocket for money. 119. used to, be used to used to過去常常,be used to習慣于,后接sth./doing sth.;被用來,后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early. 120. win, lose, beat win后接sth.,反義詞為lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them 121. live on, live by live on以…為主食,live by靠…謀生 live on fish/ live by fishing 122. beat, hit, strike beat連續(xù)性地擊打;hit打中,對準打;strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings 123. meet, meet with meet遇到,meet with體驗到,遭遇到 meet with an accident 124. lose, miss lose失去(具體的物體),錯過 sth. is lost, lose the chance;miss 想念,錯過sth. is missing, miss the chance 125. be tired of, be tired with/from be tired of厭煩…,be tired with/from因為…而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters 126. care about, care for care about關心,計較,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;care for關心,照料,喜歡,愿意 He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies. 127. catch a cold, have a cold catch a cold不能和表示"一段時間"的狀語連用,而have a cold可以 She has had a cold for a week. 128. change for, change into change for調換成,change into變成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice. 129. continue, last 二者均為持續(xù),continue主動,被動均可,last只能用主動 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued. 130. feed, raise feed喂養(yǎng),養(yǎng)活,飼養(yǎng) (to give food to), raise飼養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family 131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor go for a doctor去請醫(yī)生,go to a doctor去看病 132. notice, observe, catch sight of notice注意到,observe觀察,仔細地看,catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars 133. insist on, stick to insist on堅持要求,后常接doing, stick to堅持, 后常接sth. stick to the plan 134. look, seem, appear look指從外表上看,seem指內心的判斷,appear指給人以表面的印象 appear wise, look like his father 135. gather, collect gather把分散的東西集中到一起, collect指精心地、有選擇地進行收集 collect stamps 136. mean to do, mean doing mean to do打算,想要做某事,mean doing意思是,意味著 By this I mean giving the students more practice. 137. die from, die of die from表示死于(槍)傷,虛弱,過度勞累,飲食過度等,die of表示死于疾病,饑餓, 寒冷,年老,憂愁,失戀等精神因素 die of hunger and cold 138. pay for, pay back, pay off pay for為…付錢,pay back還錢,但不一定還清,pay off還清 pay for the book, pay off the debt 139. divide, separate divide把一個整體分成幾部分,separate把連在一起的個體分開 divide the apple, separate the houses 140. arrive, get, reach arrive不及物動詞,后接in (大地點),at(小地點),get不及物動詞后接to,reach及物動詞 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing 141. grow, plant grow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去,plant移植,移栽已經長成秧苗的植物 plant the trees, trees are growing 142. manage, try manage to do設法做成了某事,try to do盡力去做某事但不一定成功 He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 143. choose, select choose憑個人的判斷力進行選擇,select有目的地仔細認真地選擇 choose the best answer 144. build, put up, set up, found build一般用語,建成,put up臨時搭建,set up建成(內部的設施基本齊全), found國家或組織的建成 put up a tent, set up a school 145. be familiar to, be familiar with be familiar to某物對某人來說是熟悉的,be familiar with某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book. 146. agree with, agree to, agree on agree with同意某人,agree to同意某事,agree on在…上達成一致意見,主語是復數 agree with you, agree to the plan 147. throw to, throw at throw to扔到…, throw at朝…扔 He throw a stone at me. 148. receive, accept receive收到某一東西,但不一定接受,accept接受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it. 149. wear, put on, dress wear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進行時,dress接人,be dressed in, put on表動作 Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. 150. listen, hear listen強調動作,hear強調結果 I listened, but I heard nothing. 151. look, see, watch look看的動作,see看的結果,watch強調所看物體的變化、移動和發(fā)展watch TV 152. lie, lay lie躺,位于(lay, lain),說謊(lied, lied),lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book 153. work as, act as work as工作是…,act as充當某種職務或身份,或扮演某種角色 He works as a teacher. He acts as an interpreter. 154. move, remove move動一動,但不一定移走,remove從一處移到另一處 remove the table to the kitchen 155. hurt, injure, wound hurt感情上受傷,injure事故中受傷,wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷 He was wounded in the war. 156. turn, get, grow turn表突變,后常接表顏色的詞,get強調變的結果,grow強調過程,逐漸的變化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big 157. close, shut, turn off close和shut當關解時可以通用,用于可開合的物體,turn off用于指有開關的物體 Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV. 158. set out, set about, set off 指出發(fā),著手解時,set out 后接 to do,set about 后接doing, set off 后接 for sp. 159. begin, start begin側重時間的開始,反義詞為end,start側重由靜到動的轉折,反義詞為stop Class begins at 7:30a.m. 160. happen, take place happen偶然性的沒有預料到的事情的發(fā)生,take place必然性的發(fā)生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 161. at, in (表地點) at小地點,in大地點 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai 162. at work, in work at work在工作,在上班,in work 有職業(yè),有工作 Both my parents are at work. They are not at home. 163. increase to, increase by increase to增長到…,increase by增長了… The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000. 164. at ease, with ease at ease舒適地,安逸地;with ease容易地,無困難地 do it with ease 165. day after day, day by day day after day日復一日(無變化);day by day一天天地(有變化)Trees grow taller day by day. 166. like, as like相似關系,但并不等同,as同一關系,兩者實為一體 Dont treat me as a child. (In fact, Im a child.) 167. after, in (表時間) after接時間點,in接時間段 after 7:00, in five minutes 168. between, among between兩者之間,三者或三者以上兩兩之間, among三者或三者以上之間 Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy. 169. after, behind (表位置) after強調次序的先后,behind強調物體靜態(tài)位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house. 170. since, for (完成時間狀語) since接點時間或一句話,for接一段時間 for three years, since 3:00 171. on the corner, in the corner, at the corner on the corner物體表面的角上,in the corner物體內部的角落里, at the corner物體外部的角落上(拐角處)on the corner of the table 172. warn sb. of, warn sb. against warn sb. of提醒某人注意某事,warn sb. against提醒某人不要做某事 warn him against swimming in that part of the river 173. at peace, in peace at peace平靜地,in peace和平地 live in peace with ones neighbors 174. on earth, on the earth, in the earth on earth在世上,在人間,到底,究竟,一點也不,on the earth在地上,在地球上, in the earth在地下,在泥土里 no use on earth 175. in surprise, to ones surprise, by surprise in surprise驚奇地,to ones surprise使某人吃驚的是,by surprise使…驚慌 The question took the professor by surprise. 176. in the air, on the air, in the sky in the air正在醞釀中,on the air播送,廣播,in the sky在天空中 His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight. 177. in the field, on the field in the field在野外,on the field在戰(zhàn)場上 He lost his life on the field. 178. in the market, on the market in the market表示場所或地點,在市場上,on the market出售 He sells fish in the market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now. 179. in the sun, under the sun in the sun在陽光下,under the sun地球上,全世界 people under the sun 180. in a voice, with one voice in a voice出聲地,with one voice異口同聲地 They refused with one voice. 181. through, across through穿越空間,across在…上穿過 through the forest, across the desert 182. on the way, in the way on the way在前往…的路上,in the way擋路 The chair is in the way. 183. above, on, over above在上面,不接觸,on在上面,接觸,over在正上方 fly over the hill 184. until, not…until until到…為止, not…until直到…才(常跟點動詞連用)I waited until 3:00. He didnt come until 3:00. 185. besides, except, except for besides除了…還(包括在內)except除了(不包括在內), except for整體…除了某一點以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 186. whether, if 當是否解時,只有在賓語從句中二者可以互換,其余都用whether,當如果解時用if I dont know if/whether he will come. If he comes, Ill let you know. 187. and, or and并且,or或者,否則,常用于否定句中 I dont like apples or bananas. Hurry up and youll catch the bus. Hurry up or youll miss the bus. 188. because, since, as, for 原因由強到弱為:because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下:1)…because… 2) Since/as…, … 3) …, for… Since I was ill, I didnt go. 189. when, as, while (表時間) when從句動詞點動詞,持續(xù)性動詞均可,as重在表示動作同時發(fā)生,伴隨進行, while從句動詞為持續(xù)性動詞 While I slept, a thief broke in. 190. the same…as, the same…that the same…as和…一樣的(相似但不同一), the same…that 同一物體 This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支筆) 191. as well, as well as as well也,常放于句末,和and連用表示既…又;as well as并列連詞,不但…而且… He is a professor, and a writer as well. 192. such…as, such…that such…as像…樣的,such…that如此…以至于 He is not such a fool as he looks like. He is such a good student that all the teachers like him. 193. because, because of because連詞,連接兩句話,because of介詞短語,后接詞或短語 He didnt go to school because of his illness. 194. in order that, in order to 表目的,in order that后接句子,in order to后接動詞原形 I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 195. for example, such as for example一般只列舉一個,such as列舉多個例子 I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago. 196. used to, would 表過去常常,和現在相對應用used to,不提現在用would I used to get up early, but now I dont. 197. All right. Thats all right. Thats right. All right. Thats all right. 當好吧解時,可以替換;當不客氣,沒關系解時只能用 Thats all right. Thats right. 那是對的 ---Sorry. --- Thats all right. 198. such…that, so…t- 配套講稿:
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