雙孔墊片的側(cè)滑板精沖模具設(shè)計(jì)【優(yōu)秀課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)含proe三維17張CAD圖紙+帶外文翻譯】-cymj14
雙孔墊片的側(cè)滑板精沖模具設(shè)計(jì)【含proe三維及17張CAD制圖】
摘 要
模具是一種技術(shù)密集、資金密集型產(chǎn)品,是能生產(chǎn)出具有一定形狀和尺寸要求的零件的一種生產(chǎn)工具,這種工具由各種零件構(gòu)成,不同模具由不同零件構(gòu)成。精密沖裁技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)精沖技術(shù)。精沖技術(shù)組合了沖壓技術(shù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和一般機(jī)械加工方法的高精度,在不少場(chǎng)合可取代鑄造加工、鍛壓加工、車(chē)加工、鉆加工、磨加工等工藝。精密沖裁是使用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的模具在三動(dòng)專(zhuān)用精沖壓力機(jī)或改裝的普通壓力機(jī)上,對(duì)適宜的精沖材料施加強(qiáng)大壓力并施加潤(rùn)滑劑的情況下進(jìn)行沖壓,從而獲得尺寸精度允許誤差小、形位精度高以及剪切面光潔、平整的沖壓零件。精沖屬于無(wú)屑加工技術(shù),也可以說(shuō)精沖是光潔沖裁的一種,它是利用帶齒壓料版的精沖模使沖件整個(gè)斷面全部或基本全部光潔的一種精密沖裁工序。
本次設(shè)計(jì)建模采用Pro/Engineer,繪圖采用AutoCAD;。Pro/Engineer操作軟件是美國(guó)參數(shù)技術(shù)公司(PTC)旗下的CAD/CAM/CAE一體化的三維軟件。Pro/Engineer軟件以參數(shù)化著稱(chēng),是參數(shù)化技術(shù)的最早應(yīng)用者,在目前的三維造型軟件領(lǐng)域中占有著重要地位。AutoCAD(Autodesk Computer Aided Design)是Autodesk(歐特克)公司首次于1982年開(kāi)發(fā)的自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)軟件,用于二維繪圖、詳細(xì)繪制、設(shè)計(jì)文檔和基本三維設(shè)計(jì),現(xiàn)已經(jīng)成為國(guó)際上廣為流行的繪圖工具。AutoCAD具有良好的用戶界面,通過(guò)交互菜單或命令行方式便可以進(jìn)行各種操作。它的多文檔設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境,讓非計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)人員也能很快地學(xué)會(huì)使用。
關(guān)鍵詞: 模具設(shè)計(jì);沖壓;精沖模;側(cè)滑板。
Abstract
The mold is a technology intensive and capital intensive products, is able to produce a production tool with a certain shape and size requirements of the parts, the tool is composed of various parts, different from different parts of the mold. Precision blanking technology is called fine blanking technology. Fine blanking technology combines the economy of stamping technology and the high precision of general mechanical processing methods. It can replace casting, forging, machining, drilling, grinding and other processes on many occasions. Fine blanking is the use of the special structure of the mould in three special fine blanking press or modification of the common press, stamping on appropriate fine blanking materials applying heavy pressure and lubricant applied situation, so as to obtain precision allows small error, high - precision and shear surface smooth, flat stamping parts. Fine blanking is a kind of fine blanking process. It can also be said that fine blanking is one kind of bright and clean blanking. It is a kind of precision blanking process which uses the fine blanking die with a toothed press plate to make the whole or all of the stamping parts clean and bright.
The design of modeling using Pro/Engineer, drawing using AutoCAD;. Pro/Engineer operating software is Parametric Technology Corporation Ptc (PTC)'s CAD/CAM/CAE integration of three-dimensional software. Pro/Engineer software is known for its parameterization, and it is the earliest application of parametric technology. It occupies an important position in the field of 3D modeling software. AutoCAD (Autodesk Computer Aided Design) is Autodesk (Autodesk) Company for the first time in 1982 the development of automatic computer aided design software for 2D drawing, detail drawing, design documentation and basic 3D design, now has become the international popular drawing tools. AutoCAD has a good user interface, and can do all kinds of operations via an interactive menu or command line. Its multi document design environment allows non computer professionals to quickly learn how to use it.
Keywords: mold design; stamping; fine blanking mold; side slide plate.
目 錄
第一章 壓力機(jī)的選擇·············································1
1.1壓力機(jī)的選擇原則················································1
1.2計(jì)算精沖壓力····················································1
1.3選擇壓力機(jī)······················································2
1.4壓力機(jī)主要性能參數(shù)··············································2
1.5降低沖裁力的方法················································2
第二章 模架初步設(shè)計(jì)·············································5
第三章 沖裁·····················································6
3.1沖裁斷面質(zhì)量····················································6
3.2沖裁間隙························································6
3.3 沖裁件的排樣與搭邊··············································9
3.4 沖裁模凸、凹模刃口尺寸計(jì)算······································11
3.5 模具壓力中心的計(jì)算·············································15
第四章 沖裁主要零部件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)··································16
4.1工作零件的設(shè)計(jì)·················································16
4.2定位零件的設(shè)計(jì)·················································17
4.3模架···························································17
第五章 常用模具鋼的一般性能要求································18
5.1沖壓模具鋼的一般性能要求·······································18
5.2常用沖壓模具鋼種類(lèi)·············································18
謝辭······························································20
參考文獻(xiàn)··························································21
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年代后期,中國(guó)模具工業(yè)才駛?cè)胝墶=鼛啄?,不僅地方模具企事業(yè)單位有了巨大的發(fā)展,城鄉(xiāng)(個(gè)體)的模具事業(yè)單位也迅速的發(fā)展起來(lái)。 盡管中國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā) 展迅速,但是與需求相比,明顯需求量更大,它的主要缺口精確地集中在大規(guī)模、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命、領(lǐng)域中。由于在模具精準(zhǔn)度、壽命、工業(yè)周期和生產(chǎn)率等等,中國(guó)與國(guó)際平均水平還有發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家仍然有很大的懸殊,因此,需要每年大規(guī)模的提高模具水平。 中國(guó)模具工業(yè)必須提高生產(chǎn)率,從現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)際專(zhuān)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,與最新水平的提高。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面,主要是企事業(yè)單位向?qū)I(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)中心向高檔模具發(fā)展,從進(jìn)出口改進(jìn),高檔汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具成形分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、多功能復(fù)合模具和復(fù)合加工及激光技術(shù)在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造上的應(yīng)用、高速切削、超精加工及拋 光技術(shù)、信息化方向發(fā)展。 最近幾年,模具專(zhuān)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和組織改良步伐在加快,主要表現(xiàn)在大規(guī)模的,精確的,復(fù)雜的,耐用的中高端模具和模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)證書(shū)的發(fā)展速度比普通模具的生產(chǎn)速度更快,塑料模和壓鑄模的比例在增長(zhǎng);專(zhuān)用模具工廠的質(zhì)量和效率在提高;“三資”和私人企業(yè)發(fā)展迅速;股份制改造步伐加快等。從地區(qū)分布來(lái)看,以珠江三角洲和長(zhǎng)江三角洲為中心的東南沿海地區(qū)發(fā)展快于中西部地區(qū),南方的發(fā)展快于北方。目前發(fā)展最快、模具生產(chǎn)最為集中的省份是廣東和浙江,江蘇、上海、安徽和山東等地最近幾年也有較大發(fā)展。 雖然我國(guó)模具總量目 前已達(dá)到相當(dāng)規(guī)模,模具水平也有很大提高,但設(shè)計(jì)制造水平總體上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家許多。當(dāng)前存在的問(wèn)題和差距主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面: ( 1)總量供不應(yīng)求,國(guó)內(nèi)模具自配率只有 70%左右。其中低檔模具供過(guò)于求,中高檔模具自配率只有 50%左右。 ( 2)企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)均不合理 。我國(guó)模具生產(chǎn)廠中多數(shù)是自產(chǎn)自配的工模具車(chē)間(分廠),自產(chǎn)自配比例高達(dá) 60%左右,而國(guó)外模具超過(guò) 70%屬商品模具。專(zhuān)業(yè)模具廠大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的組織形式,而國(guó)外大多是“小而專(zhuān)”、“小 而精”。國(guó)內(nèi)大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命的模具占總量比例不足 30%,而國(guó)外在 50%以上。 2004 年,模具進(jìn)出口之比 大連交通大學(xué) 2013 屆本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 9 為 ,進(jìn)出口相抵后的凈進(jìn)口額達(dá) 美元,為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國(guó)家。 ( 3)模具產(chǎn)品水平大大低于國(guó)際水平,生產(chǎn)周期卻高于國(guó)際水平 產(chǎn)品水平低主要表現(xiàn)在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、壽命及結(jié)構(gòu)等方面。 ( 4)開(kāi)發(fā)能力較差,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益欠佳,我國(guó)模具企業(yè)技術(shù)人員比例低,水平較低,且不重視產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā),在市場(chǎng)中經(jīng)常處于被動(dòng)地位。我國(guó)每個(gè)模具職工平均年創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)值約合 1 萬(wàn)美元,國(guó)外模具工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 大多是 15~ 20 萬(wàn)美元,有的高達(dá) 25~ 30 萬(wàn)美元,與之相對(duì)的是我國(guó)相當(dāng)一部分模具企業(yè)還沿用過(guò)去作坊式管理,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)管理的企業(yè)較少。 造成上述差距的原因很多,除了歷史上模具作為產(chǎn)品長(zhǎng)期未得到應(yīng)有的重視,以及多數(shù)國(guó)有企業(yè)機(jī)制不能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之外,還有下列幾個(gè)原因: ( 1)國(guó)家對(duì)模具工業(yè)的政策支持力度還不夠,雖然國(guó)家已經(jīng)明確頒布了模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,但配套政策少,執(zhí)行力度弱。目前享受模具產(chǎn)品增值稅的企業(yè)全國(guó)只有 185 家,大多數(shù)企業(yè)仍舊稅負(fù)過(guò)重。模具企業(yè)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造引進(jìn)設(shè)備要繳納相當(dāng)數(shù)量的稅 金,影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步,而且民營(yíng)企業(yè)貸款十分困難。 ( 2)人才嚴(yán)重不足,科研開(kāi)發(fā)及技術(shù)攻關(guān)投入太少,模具行業(yè)是技術(shù)、資金、勞動(dòng)密集的產(chǎn)業(yè),隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步和技術(shù)的發(fā)展,掌握并且熟練運(yùn)用新技術(shù)的人才異常短缺,高級(jí)模具鉗工及企業(yè)管理人才也非常緊張。由于模具企業(yè)效益欠佳及對(duì)科研開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)重視不夠,科研單位和大專(zhuān)院校的眼睛盯著創(chuàng)收,導(dǎo)致模具行業(yè)在科研開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)方面投入太少,致使模具技術(shù)發(fā)展步伐不大,進(jìn)展不快。 ( 3)工藝裝備水平低,且配套性不好,利用率低,近年來(lái)我國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)進(jìn)步較快,已能提供比較成套的高精度 加工設(shè)備,但與國(guó)外裝備相比,仍有較大差距。雖然國(guó)內(nèi)許多企業(yè)已引進(jìn)許多國(guó)外先進(jìn)設(shè)備,但總體的裝備水平比國(guó)外許多企業(yè)低很多。由于體制和資金等方面的原因,引進(jìn)設(shè)備不配套,設(shè)備與附件不配套現(xiàn)象十分普遍,設(shè)備利用率低的問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)期得不到較妥善的解決。 ( 4)專(zhuān)業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、商品化程度低,協(xié)作能力差,由于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)受“大而全”“小而全”影響,模具專(zhuān)業(yè)化水平低,專(zhuān)業(yè)分工不細(xì)致,商品化程度低。目前國(guó)內(nèi)每年生產(chǎn)的模具,商品模具只占 40%左右,其余為自產(chǎn)自用。模具企業(yè)之間協(xié)作不暢,難以完成較大規(guī)模的模具成套任務(wù) 。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平低,模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋率低也對(duì)模具質(zhì)量、成本有較大影響,特別是對(duì)模具制造周期有很大影響。 ( 5)模具材料及模具相關(guān)技術(shù)落后,模具材料性能、質(zhì)量和品種問(wèn)題往往會(huì)影響模具質(zhì)量、壽命及成本,國(guó)產(chǎn)模具鋼與國(guó)外進(jìn)口鋼材相比有較大差距。塑大連交通大學(xué) 2013 屆本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 10 料、板材、設(shè)備性能差,也直接影響模具水平的提高。 目前,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于高速發(fā)展階段,國(guó)際上經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)日趨明顯,這為我國(guó)模具工業(yè)高速發(fā)展提供了良好的條件和機(jī)遇。一方面,國(guó)內(nèi)模具市場(chǎng)將繼續(xù)高速發(fā)展,另一方面,模具制造也逐漸向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移以及跨國(guó)集團(tuán)到我國(guó)進(jìn) 行模具采購(gòu)趨向也十分明顯。因此,放眼未來(lái),國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的模具市場(chǎng)總體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)前景看好,預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)模具將在良好的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下得到高速發(fā)展,我國(guó)不但會(huì)成為模具大國(guó),而且一定逐步向模具制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的行列邁進(jìn)。“十一五”期間,中國(guó)模具工業(yè)水平不僅在量和質(zhì)的方面有很大提高,而且行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品水平、開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)的體制與機(jī)制以及技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方面也會(huì)取得較大發(fā)展。模具技術(shù)集合了機(jī)械、電子、化學(xué)、光學(xué)、材料、計(jì)算機(jī)、精密監(jiān)測(cè)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)等諸多學(xué)科,是一個(gè)綜合性多學(xué)科的系統(tǒng)工程。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要是模具產(chǎn)品向著更大型、更精密、更復(fù) 雜及更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展,模具產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量不斷提高,模具制造周期不斷縮短,模具生產(chǎn)朝著信息化、無(wú)圖化、精細(xì)化、自動(dòng)化的方向發(fā)展,模具企業(yè)向著技術(shù)集成化、設(shè)備精良化、產(chǎn)批品牌化、管理信息化、經(jīng)營(yíng)國(guó)際化的方向發(fā)展。 模具行業(yè)在“十一五”期間需要解決的重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)應(yīng)是模具信息化、數(shù)字化技術(shù)和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技術(shù)方面的突破,隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總量和工業(yè)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,各行各業(yè)對(duì)模具的需求量越來(lái)越大,技術(shù)要求也越來(lái)越高。雖然模具種類(lèi)繁多,但其發(fā)展重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是既能滿足大量需要,又有較高技術(shù)含量,特別是目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚 不能自給,需大量進(jìn)口的模具和能代表發(fā)展方向的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的種類(lèi)、數(shù)量、水平、生產(chǎn)集中度等對(duì)整個(gè)模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展有重大影響。因此,一些重要的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件也必須重點(diǎn)發(fā)展,而且其發(fā)展速度應(yīng)快于模具的發(fā)展速度,這樣才能不斷提高我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平,從而提高模具質(zhì)量,縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期,降低成本。由于我國(guó)的模具產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上占有較大的價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì),因此對(duì)于出口前景好的模具產(chǎn)品也應(yīng)作為重點(diǎn)來(lái)發(fā)展。根據(jù)上述需要量大、技術(shù)含量高、代表發(fā)展方向、出口前景好的原則選擇重點(diǎn)發(fā)展產(chǎn)品,而且所選產(chǎn)品必須目前已有一定 技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),屬于有條件、有可能發(fā)展起來(lái)的產(chǎn)品。 利用中子衍射技術(shù)測(cè)量了顆粒材料在高應(yīng)力模具壓制過(guò)程中的一系列應(yīng)力分布。研究了兩種不同的粒狀材料:一種以鐵粉形式和石英砂為脆性材料的韌性材料。研究了兩種材料在不同幾何形狀下的應(yīng)力分布特性:軸對(duì)稱(chēng)收斂模和階梯形凹模。這些測(cè)量的分布進(jìn)行了檢查和討論,以突出兩者的相似性和差異,這些對(duì)比材料在高加固負(fù)荷的機(jī)械響應(yīng)。中子衍射技術(shù)的潛力,提供完整的實(shí)地信息,在粒狀樣品的機(jī)械響應(yīng)和應(yīng)力的證明。 大連交通大學(xué) 2013 屆本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 11 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)技術(shù)水平的發(fā)展很大程度上取決于工業(yè)發(fā)展水平的高低,因此模具工業(yè)對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì) 發(fā)展將起到越來(lái)越大的作用。 1989 年 3 月國(guó)務(wù)院頒布的《關(guān)于當(dāng)前產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要點(diǎn)的決定 “ 在模具作為第二序列的第一位、生產(chǎn)和基本建設(shè)機(jī)械行業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型序列(在大型發(fā)電設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的輸變電設(shè)備),在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要地位,建立模具工業(yè) 。 自 1997 以來(lái),他們就把模具及其加工技術(shù)和設(shè)備列入了