數(shù)控銑床控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
數(shù)控銑床控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計,數(shù)控,銑床,控制系統(tǒng),設(shè)計
畢業(yè)設(shè)計中英文翻譯
學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué)號：
機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
學(xué) 院：
專 業(yè)：
指導(dǎo)教師合：
Numerical control technology and equipment trend of
development and countermeasure
For mechanical paper
The equipment industry technical level and the modernized degree were deciding the entire national economy level and the modernized degree, the numerical control technology and the equipment are the development emerging high technology and new technology industry and the state-of-art industry (for example defense industry industries and so on information technology and industry, biological technology and industry, aviation, astronautics) enables the technology and the most basic equipment. Marx had said “each kind of economical time difference, does not lie in produces any, but how lies in produces, with any means of labor production”. The technique of manufacture and the equipment is the humanity produces active the most basic producer goods, but the numerical control technology also is advanced now the technique of manufacture and the equipment most core technology. Now the various countries manufacturing industry widely uses the numerical control technology, sharpens the manufacturing capacity and the level, enhances to the dynamic changeable market adaptiveness and competitive ability. In addition in the world various industries developed country also lists as the national strategic resources the numerical control technology and the numerical control equipment, not only takes the significant measure to develop own numerical control technology and the industry, moreover implements the blockade and the limit policy in “precise and advanced” the numerical control key technologies and the equipment aspect to our country. In brief, develops vigorously take the numerical control technology has become the world each developed country acceleration economy development as the core advanced technique of manufacture, enhances the comprehensive national strength and the national status important way.
The numerical control technology is carries on the control with the numerical information to the mechanical movement and the work process the technology, the numerical control equipment is take the numerical control technology as representative's new technology the integration of machinery product which forms to the traditional manufacture industry and the emerging manufacturing industry seepage, namely so-called digitized equipment, its technical scope cover very many domains: (1) machine manufacture technology; (2) information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo actuates the technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology and so on.
1 numerical control technology trend of development
Not only the numerical control technology application has brought the revolutionary change for the traditional manufacturing industry, causes the manufacturing industry to become the industrialization the symbol, moreover along with numerical control technology unceasing development and application domain expansion, he to national economy and the people's livelihood some important professions (IT, automobile, light industry, medical service and so on) development more and more vital role, because these professions must equip the digitization already was the modern development major tendency. The numerical control technology and the equipment development tendency looked from the present world that, its main research hot spot has following several aspect [1~4].
1.1 high speed, high precision work technology and equipment new tendency
The efficiency, the quality are the advanced technique of manufacture main bodies. High speed, the high precision work technology may enhance the efficiency enormously, enhances the product the quality and the scale, reduces the production cycle and sharpens the market competition ability. Lists as one of 5 great modern techniques of manufacture for this Japan Tip Technology Research board it, the international production project learns (CIRP) its determination is one of 21st century central research directions.
In the passenger vehicle industry domain, yearly produces 300,000 production metres was 40/s，moreover the multi-variety processing is one of key questions which the passenger vehicle equipment must solve; In the aviation and the astronavigation industry domain, its processing spare part many for the thin wall and the thin muscle, the rigidity is very bad, material for aluminum or aluminum alloy, only then in the high cutting speed and the cutting force very small situation, can to these muscles, the wall carry on the processing. Recently uses the large-scale overall aluminum alloy semifinished materials “pull out spatially” the method to make the wing, the fuselage and so on the large-scale components substitutes many components through the multitudinous rivets, the bolt and other joint way assembling, causes the component the intensity, the rigidity and the reliability obtains the enhancement. These all to processed the equipment to propose high speed, Gao Jing and the high flexible request.
Unfolds from EMO2001 meets the situation to look that, processes the center feed rate to be possible high speed to reach 80m/min, even higher, the aerial transport stroke speed may reach 100m/About min. At present in the world many automotive factories, including our country's Shanghai General Motors, already used by the high speed processing center composition production line part substitution aggregate machine-tool. American CINCINNATI Corporation's HyperMach engine bed feed rate reaches 60m/most greatlymin, fast is 100m/min, the acceleration reaches 2g, the main axle rotational speed has reached 60 000r/min. Processes a thin wall airplane part, only uses 30min, but the same components need 3h in the common high speed milling machine processing, needs 8h in the plain milling machine processing; The German DMG Corporation's double main axle lathe main axle speed and the acceleration respectively reach 12*! 000r/mm和1g。
In the processing precision aspect, in the recent 10 years, the ordinary level numerical control engine bed processing precision from 10μm enhanced 5μm, the fine level of secrecy processing center from 3~5 μm, enhances to 1~1.5 μm, and the ultra precise processing precision started to enter a nanometer level (0.01μm).
In the reliable aspect, the overseas numerical control installment value has reached above 6 000h, the servosystem value achieved above 30000h, displays the extremely high reliability.
In order to realize, the high precision work high speed, with it necessary function part like electricity main axle, the straight line electrical machinery obtained the fast development, the application domain further expanded.
1.2 5 axis linkage processing and compound processing engine bed fast development
Uses 5 axis linkages to the three dimensional curved surface components processing, the available cutting tool best geometry shape carries on the cutting, not only the smooth finish is high, moreover the efficiency also large scale enhances. Believed generally that, 1 5 axis linkage engine bed efficiency may be equal to 2 3 axis linkage engine bed, specially uses when the cubic boron nitride and so on the ultra hard material milling cutter carries on the high speed milling hardened steel components, 5 axis linkage processing may compared to 3 axis linkage processing display a higher benefit. Because but past 5 axis linkage numerical control system, main engine structure complex and so on reasons, its price must outdo the several fold compared to 3 axis linkage numerical control engine bed, added the programming technology difficulty to be big, has restricted 5 axis linkage engine bed development.
Current as a result of electricity main axle appearance, causes to realize 5 axis linkage processing compound host axle neck structure is greatly the simplification, its manufacture difficulty and the cost reduce large scale, numerical control system price disparity reduction. Therefore promoted the compound host axle neck type 5 axis linkage engine bed and the compound processing engine bed (including 5 processing engine beds) development.
Unfolds at the meeting in EMO2001, the new Japanese labor machine 5 processing engine beds use the compound host axle neck, may realize 4 vertical plane processings and the random angle processing, causes 5 processings and 5 axis processings may realize on the identical Taiwan engine bed, but also may realize the inclined plane and the back taper hole processing. German DMG Corporation displays the DMUVoution series processing center, may clamp the next 5 processings and 5 axis linkage processing in an attire, may by the CNC systems or CAD/CAM which are controled deract or inderact.
1.3 intellectualizations, open style, the network becomes the contemporary numerical control system development the main tendency
The 21st century numerical control equipments will be has certain intellectualized system, the intellectualized content including in numerical control system each aspect: In order to pursue the processing efficiency and the processing quality aspect intellectualization, like processing process adaptive control, craft parameter automatic production; In order to enhance the actuation performance and the use connection convenient intellectualization, like feed-forward control, electrical machinery parameter auto-adapted operation, automatic diagnosis load automatic designation model, self regulating grade; Simplification programming, simplification operation aspect intellectualization, like intellectualized automatic programming, intellectualized man-machine contact surface and so on; Also has the intelligence to diagnose, the intelligent monitoring aspect content, the convenience system diagnosis and the service and so on.
In order to solve the traditional numerical control system closeness and the numerical control application software industrial production production existence question. At present many countries conduct the research to the open style numerical control system, like US NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、European Economic Community OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、Japanese OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller)，Chinese ONC(Open Numerical Control System) and so on。The numerical control system will open already becomes the numerical control system road of the future. The so-called open style numerical control system is the numerical control system development may in the unified movement platform, face the engine bed factory and the end-user, through the change, the increase or the tailor structure object (numerical control function), forms the seriation, and may conveniently integrates user's special application and the technical knack in the control system, the fast realization different variety, the different scale open style numerical control system, forms has the bright individuality famous brand goods. At present the open style numerical control system architecture standard, the correspondence standard, the disposition standard, the movement platform, the numerical control system function storehouse as well as the numerical control system function software development kit and so on is the current research core.
The network numerical control equipment is a near two year international famous engine bed exposition new luminescent spot. The numerical control equipment network enormously will satisfy the production line, the manufacture system, the manufacture enterprise to the information integration demand, also will be realizes new manufacture pattern like agile manufacture, hypothesized enterprise, the global manufacture foundation unit. The domestic and foreign some famous numerical control engine bed and the numerical control system manufacture company all has promoted the related new concept and the prototype in the nearly two years.
1.4 takes the new technical standard, the standard establishment
1.4.1 about numerical control system design development standard
As mentioned above, the open style numerical control system has a better versatility, the flexibility, the compatibility, the extension, countries and so on US, European Economic Community and Japan implements the strategy development plan in abundance, and carries on the open style architecture numerical control system specification (OMAC, OSACA, OSEC) the research and the formulation, the world 3 biggest economies have carried on the nearly same science plan and the standard formulation in the short-term, has indicated a numerical control technology new transformation time oncoming. Our country also started in 2000 to conduct China's ONC numerical control system standard frame research and the formulation.
1.4.2 about numerical control standard
The numerical control standard is the manufacturing industry informationization development one tendency. The numerical control technology is born after 50 year exchanges of information all is based on the ISO6983 standard, how namely uses the G, M code to describe the (how) processing, its substantive characteristics faces the processing process, obviously, he has more and more not been able to satisfy modern numerical control technology high speed the need to develop. Therefore, on international is studying and formulates one kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649(STEP-NC), its goal is provides one kind not to rely on the concrete system neutral mechanism, can describe in the product entire life cycle unified data model, thus realizes the entire manufacture process, and even each industry domain product information standardization.
The STEP-NC appearance is possibly a numerical control area of technology revolution, regarding the numerical control technology development and even the entire manufacturing industry, will have the profound influence. First, STEP-NC proposed one kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, the NC processing procedure all concentrates on the single computer. But under the new standard, the NC procedure may disperse on the Internet, this is precisely the numerical control technology open style, the network development direction. Next, the STEP-NC numerical control system also may reduce the processing blueprint greatly (approximately 75%), the processing programming time (approximately 35%) and the process period (approximately 50%).
At present, the European and American countries extremely took STEP-NC the research, Europe initiate STEP-NC IMS to plan (1999.1.1~2001.12.31). Participates in this plan to have comes from European and Japan's 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC user, manufacturer and academic organization. US's STEP Tools Corporation is in the global scope the manufacturing industry data exchange software exploiter, he already developed has served as the numerical control engine bed processing exchange of information the super model (Super Model), its goal was with the unification standard description all processing process. At present this kind of recent data exchange form already in has provided SIEMENS, FIDIA as well as on the European OSACA-NC numerical control system prototype prototype has carried on the confirmation.
2 pair of our country numerical control technology and industrial development basic estimate
Our country numerical control technology start in 1958, the near 50 year development course might divide into 3 stages approximately: First stage from 1958 to 1979, namely enclosed type development phase. In this stage, as a result of the overseas technical blockade with our country's foundation condition limit, the numerical control technology development is slow. The second stage is in the country “65”, “75” the period as well as “85” the earlier period, namely the introduction technology, the digestion absorption, establishes the manufacture domestically system stage initially. In this stage, as a result of reform and open policy and the national value, as well as the research development environment and the international environment improvement, our country numerical control technology research, the development as well as has all made the considerable progress in the product manufacture domestically aspect. The third stage is in the country “85” later period and “95” period, namely the implementation industrial production research, enters the market competition stage. In this stage, our country domestic product numerical control equipment industrial production has made the substantive progress. In “95” the last stage, the domestically produced numerical control engine bed domestic market percentage of reaches 50%, matched the domestically produced numerical control system (popular sedan) also to achieve 10%.
Looks over our country numerical control technology near 50 year development course, specially passes through 4 5 year plan attacks, the overall looked has obtained following result.
1. Has laid the numerical control technological development foundation, has grasped the modern numerical control technology basically. Our country basically has grasped now from the numerical control system, the servo actuated, the numerical control main engine, the special plane and the necessary foundation technology, in which majority of technologies has had carries on the commercialized development the foundation, the partial technologies commercialized, the industrial production.
2. Has formed the numerical control industry base initially. In the attack achievement and in the partial technical commercialization foundation, established such as the Central China numerical control, astronautics numerical control and so on had the volume production ability numerical control system plant. Lanzhou electrical machinery plant, Central China numerical control and so on one batch of servosystem and servo electrical machinery plant as well as Beijing first machine tool factory, Jinan first machine tool factory and so on certain numerical control main engine plant. These plants have basically formed our country's numerical control industry base
3. Has established a numerical control research, the development, managerial talent's basic troop.
Although has made the considerable progress in the numerical control technology research development as well as the industrial production aspect, but we also must realize soberly, our country high end numerical control technology research development, in particular also has the big disparity in the industrial production aspect technical level present situation and our country's realistic demand. Although from longitudinal looked our country's development speed is very quick, not only but crosswise compared to (with overseas contrast) the technical level has the disparity, also has the disparity in certain aspect development speed, namely some precise and advanced numerical control equipment technical level disparity has the expanded tendency. From international looked that, is approximately as follows to our country numerical control technical level and the industrial production level estimate.
1. In the technical level, probably falls behind with the overseas advanced level for 10~15 years, in precise and advanced technical aspect then bigger.
2. In the industrial production level, the market share is low, the variety coverage fraction is small, but also has not formed the scale production; The function part specialization production level and complete set ability are low; Outward appearance quality relative error; The reliability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; The domestically produced numeric
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