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China's machinery manufacturing management information of the characteristics and development trends
1. Preface
The manufacturing sector, especially machinery manufacturing industry is a pillar industry of national economy, the modern manufacturing industry is changing people's modes of production, lifestyle, mode of operation and management as well as the organizational structure of society and culture. China's huge market potential and rich labor resources, the world's manufacturing industry has shifted to China, China is becoming a world manufacturing power. China's household electrical appliances, such as in the production of a number of products has been ranking first in the world. However, in their own intellectual property rights of innovative design, advanced manufacturing technology and equipment and modern management, there are still a big gap, so we do not create power. This article will machinery manufacturing enterprises in the current management problems, how to use information technology to improve management, management information of the characteristics and trends of technology development for a number of studies for the development of machinery manufacturing enterprises program reference information.
2. Machinery manufacturing enterprises in the current management problems
China's machinery manufacturing industry through decades of effort have been of considerable size, the accumulation of a large number of skills and experience. However, with the formation of world economic integration, since China's huge market potential and rich labor resources, foreign technology, capital, large influx of Chinese products, Chinese enterprises are facing an unprecedented situation of fierce competition at home and abroad. Competitive products require replacement fast, high quality, low price, prompt delivery and good services. Competition in these markets weapons with the model of corporate governance, management methods, management tools, organizational structure, business processes are closely related. However, the Chinese enterprises and people's ideology 30-40 years due to the impact of the planned economy, the competitiveness of the existence of weapons with a big gap compared with developed countries.
(1) control the mode of production planning behind
The implementation of ERP has not been the machinery manufacturing enterprises is almost 100% use of sets of programs. That is the longest production cycle of products form the basis of product as a variety of materials and production lead time procurement lead time. Exaggerated is the lead-time inventory and reserve products high liquidity of the root causes of the use of the Great. Production planning and procurement plans in line, sets the level of bad parts can not be delivered on time. Or to protect its delivery of high reserves. Modern management methods from MRP MRP, JIT JIT, supplier of pipe Treasury VMI, a far cry from the synchronization of production.
(2) Enterprise poor response
Today's market is constantly changing, the demand for diversification. Order assembly MTO, in accordance with orders for manufacture of MTO, in accordance with orders for the design of MTD, Mass Customization MC. Variety of different specifications, production, procurement is very complex. From the customer - Sales - Design - Production - Purchasing - Financial - costs, the need for a complete supply chain management, in order to quickly respond to dynamic customer demand, to adapt to the ever-changing market and customer customization requirements.
(3) inaccurate cost, poor cost control
Artificial cost accounting in general only the cost of computing products, the cost of parts and components can not be calculated. Very rough cost-sharing, the cost of data collection is a large number of artificialand poor accuracy of the data, making cost inaccurate. Generally do not carry out the standard cost calculation, cost analysis rarely conducted, so poor cost control.
(4) information dispersed, not timely, inaccurate, not share
Manufacturing production, supply, marketing, human, financial, and material is an organic whole, and between them there is a large amount of information exchange. Decentralized management of information, however artificial, based on the lack of a complete data, information dispersion, not timely, inaccurate, not share, significantly affect the scientific nature of management decision-making.
(5)-style bureaucratic organizations rather than the flat-oriented business processes of organizations, the general business processes unreasonable, business process management and control of non-standard, arbitrary.
(6) lack of standardization, standardization, institutionalization, programmable management, management strengths and weaknesses vary from person to person. Despite the adoption of ISO9000 procedures to develop a series of documents, the effect of the implementation of enterprises and managers may vary.
(7) management tools behind, the majority of enterprises still in the computer manual or decentralized management of individual management stage. Some enterprises have set up computer networks, the whole plant, but the application is still fragmented, there is no information-sharing and the optimal distribution of resources.
(8) modern management ideas, new methods, and poor application of new technologies. For example: Agile Manufacturing AM, virtual manufacturing VM, JIT JIT, Customer Relationship Management CRM, supply chain management SCM, Business Intelligence BI, e-business EC, such as enterprise resource planning ERP.
3. Use information technology to improve the level of mechanical system management
At present, the above-mentioned problems in the management of seriously affecting the level of corporate governance, management efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. The use of modern management thinking, methods and computer network communication technology, machinery manufacturing enterprises to achieve the management of innovation, system innovation and technological innovation is facing urgent tasks in front of each enterprise. Therefore, the establishment of linked computer networks, both within and outside plant communication systems, select advanced, mature and suitable for the needs of enterprise management enterprise resource planning ERP, customer relationship management CRM, supply chain management SCM, Business Intelligence BI, e-commerce software systems, such as EC, through the Management Advisory and business process reengineering, and optimize the design of the organization, management, business process, application of these software systems, enterprise information management. Enterprise management in order to overcome the current problems in and improve the level of corporate governance, management efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises, is the face of a knowledge-based economy and global economic integration make the inevitable choice. System aims to:
(1) into a company-wide computer network management information system. The system enables enterprises to achieve the production and operation of logistics, capital flow, information flow and work flow of the high degree of unity with the parallel operation, and Intranet, Internet enterprises inside and outside the full exchange of information and business links with the outside world, to form an effective agile supply chain system.
(2) the use of advanced production planning and control methods. To break the sets of programs, according to a variety of materials procurement and production lead-time preparation of lead-time MRP. The establishment of an effective and flexible by the master production plan, material requirements planning and job shop scheme composed of three planned production planning management system, reduce the maximum production cycle, procurement cycle, on-time delivery, rapid response to customer demand to maximize the reduction of inventory and costs, improve service levels. Qualified enterprises to implement JIT JIT, supplier of pipe Treasury VMI, synchronous production of advanced management methods.
(3) to achieve company-wide basis of data (such as material data, product structure data, product design, process data, capacity data, etc.) to generate a unified, uniform maintenance and management for authorized use of the relevant departments, the number of truly a, data sharing, to avoid redundancy. Through the ERP system to further rationalize the development and implementation of management procedures to ensure the management of institutionalized, standardized and scientific.
(4) for the current information in the management division of the situation and establish a customer-centric dynamic information feedback and control system, for each task from the contract, design, production, procurement, cost accounting into the whole process of product shipments Dynamic tracking, so that each task is effectively under control.
(5) to strengthen and improve financial management and cost accounting functions. The real cost to build two systems, the use of advanced cost accounting methods, a more accurate accounting of costs and cost components for sales quotes and provide a reliable basis for financial accounting. Conduct a cost analysis to identify the factors that reduce costs and effectively reduce costs.
(6) the use of computers to enhance the quality of the statistical analysis of data. Take full advantage of the quality of test data, using a variety of analytical methods, to conduct in-depth statistics and analysis. Effectively monitor and improve the quality level.
(7) through computer-based enterprise information management, will be the majority of managers from the tedious manual labor, so that they will have the opportunity to learn management theory and management skills, from the nature of enterprise management personnel to improve the management level.
4. China's machinery manufacturing management features
Machinery manufacturing and the management of other manufacturing industries have common personality; machinery manufacturing industry with the production type, production volume, production organization of its management practices in different ways there are differences; China's manufacturing sector compared with the developed countries, due to corporate culture, law, different system has its particularities. On these characteristics the following topics:
(1) machinery manufacturing industry is a typical discrete manufacturing industry, its management software based on the production type, production volume, production organization are different, require different solutions. The chart lists the type of division of production:
Characteristics of these types of manufacturers:
Discrete Manufacturing - different materials through the movement of non-continuous, through different paths, the production of different materials and products. Such as motor vehicles, machine tools, aircraft, computers, home electrical appliances.
Process Industry - materials through mixing, separating, forming, or chemical reaction, mostly for materials through the same path, to produce valuable products. It consists of continuous production, manufacturing production and mixed types. Required in the management of prescription management, by-products, the products, a variety of units of measurement, a number of quality and grade of the same items, batch number tracking, shelf-life characteristics, the general process industry with professional software.
Single production - the design of products to order, according to the production of customer demand, product is very complex. Products are generally long production cycle. Sometimes a contract for delivery in accordance with many parts. Such as the three major power plants (major motor, steam turbine, boiler) heavy machinery, shipbuilding and so on. Organization of production divided by the technology, equipment is common. Production management, in addition to the application of multi-variety small-production the whole way, the need to increase the network plan (project management), the key to sort resources. CRM is not important on here.
Variety of small batch production - products are standard or optional. Demand can be forecast, or order the production, assembly to order. Production process in accordance with the characteristics of organizations at the workshop, section, team, such as casting, forging, riveting, welding, cars, milling, planing, grinding, assembly and so on. The characteristics of production planning MRPII is a typical configuration control increases. They also need CRM, SCM and so on.
Mass production - is a standard or a small number of products matching. Depends mainly on the demand forecast, and also to consider orders. Production equipment is based on materials (parts, components) to form a target assembly article. Production plan is characterized by the traditional mixed MRPII and JIT manufacturing, medium and long-term plans and materials used in production of spare parts requirements planning MRP, the Plan of Implementation adopted JIT, Kanban (Electronic Kanban), recoil inventory tracking barcode program materials. CRM, e-commerce is important.
Mass Customization - will be more varieties of small batch production to meet the individual needs of different clients and high-volume production to increase productivity, reduce costs of combining the advantages. Organization of production lines is still, but a variety of product configuration. Production planning control in that it requires a combination of MRP, JIT, integrated applications, such as configuration control. Is a mixture of the first two manufacturing model.
Therefore, different types of enterprises, the choice of ERP software in accordance with the management of these different characteristics to find the software to meet business needs. You are an annual production capacity of 100,000 vehicle manufacturing plant, software, and I did not see inappropriate JIT. You are a heavy machinery plant, he does not project management products, the main pieces of the quality of follow-up clearance, I do not trip. In addition, the different focus of corporate governance are not the same, some very complex enterprise sales, but the production simple. Procurement and manufacture some very complex, but only a few one-year contracts, sales management is not important. Therefore, dialectical treatment must prescribe the right remedy.
(2) as a result of the East-West cultural differences, making the West we must re-examine the ERP system application in China.
The West to "law" as the focus of the management model, the ERP system is based on Western law-oriented corporate culture, government policy decrees, regulations, taxation policy, the design and development; compare re-schedule, re-plan in order to ensure targeted delivery to the time the main line program, based on a standardized, stressing at the right time to correct the correct amount of materials sent to the right place. Software functions and the logic of the host country in line with the policy of the Government Act, regulations, tax policy. It is strictly abide by contracts, re-plan of discipline. It should be said, ERP can solve the developed countries of the integrated manufacturing enterprise management.
Orient to "feeling" for the characteristics of the management philosophy of management as a result of this emphasis on the role and value of the realization of the system while ignoring the effect of management and regulations in order to demonstrate the relationship between the personnel in the emphasis on the spirit of the performance of a fully rational, and in the emphasis on task and rules, the spirit of the performance is not fully rational. Therefore, the lack of strict laws and regulations, too many personal connections and rational spirit of inadequate management of China's shortcomings and inadequacies. Its performance management is more to consider "the consequences." The so-called "masters" the spirit is denied by administrators or managers, their actions are focused on values, they re-commitment, light contract; re-scheduling, light plan; heavy emotion, light system; randomness, and poor punctuality . So the West ERP application in China must pay attention to the values of human management. Therefore, the establishment of a combination of, a comprehensive enterprise performance management is essential.
(3) ERP of the modern manufacturing management tool, it has its social attributes and two aspects of the natural attributes. In terms of its natural attributes, there is not much difference between Chinese and foreign enterprises. They all seek to maximize the production of shorter cycles, lower costs, reduce inventory, on-time delivery, rapid response to customer needs. So the general principle of ERP is the foreign application. However, in terms of their social attributes, corporate governance policies by the state laws, regulations, tax policy, the market environment. ERP must therefore consider the conditions of. For example, ERP financial software, it must be in line with China's accounting standards promulgated by the Ministry of Finance and Accounting requirements. At this stage, but also dealing with the ; barter "grinding off" to deal with; in the cost price of a gradual plan to retain access to different methods of assessments; both accounts receivable finance, but also record sales of receivables account; double fixed, such as working hours.
(4) the management of China's machinery manufacturing industry is the most complex. Machinery manufacturing industry as a result of materials of different specifications, and production is not continuous, complex manufacturing process, so the management of the manufacturing machinery manufacturing complex than others. In addition, China's machinery manufacturing industry compared with foreign developed countries is still, small and complete model of production organization, specialization is not as fine as abroad, the internal management of Chinese enterprises abroad relatively complex, so the machine manufacturing industry in China management is the most complex.
5. Armed firearms manufacturing management trends in the development of information technology
With the global economy to speed up the integration process, new management models and management methods are emerging, computer and high-speed network communications technology development, especially in Internet penetration into every corner of the world. Machinery manufacturing enterprises as an important management tool for information --- Enterprise Resource Planning ERP system, is undergoing profound change and development. We are thinking of the following from the management, system performance and software development platform on three aspects of its development trend.
(1) the development of management thinking
1. In support of network systems, the new ERP system will bring the world into a realm: consumers or customers via the Internet electronic shopping malls in the understanding of product performance, price, through e-commerce orders issued to the manufacturer; producers through ERP system, procurement and materials down manufacturing instructions, complete material procurement through electronic commerce, payment activities; After manufacturing, the final product on time will be sent to users, in-line to complete the transaction and settlement. It enables suppliers, producers, distributors, customers, tightly integrated through the supply chain, uninterrupted flow of materials, to reduce inventory, minimize operating costs, rapid response to customer demand, improve the market competitiveness of enterprises and economic benefits. Therefore, supply chain management SCM, e-commerce will be essential for EC.
2. As a result of intensified market competition, manufacturers fro