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專題一 閱讀理解 第4課時(shí) 順藤摸瓜-明辨詞義猜測(cè)類題目 題組一　體驗(yàn)真題 Passage 1 體裁：記敘文　話題：一次非同尋常的投遞　詞數(shù)：254 時(shí)間：6′ (2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，C)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem courier．Since March 2012，I’ve done 89 trips of those，51 have been abroad，I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干細(xì)胞)in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we’ve got 72 hours at most，So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence，Rhode Island，and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check－in desk at Providence，the lady on the desk said：“Well，I’m really sorry，I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please，please，you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.re－routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. For this courier job，you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這是一篇記敘文。作者Peter Hodes是一名干細(xì)胞快遞員。他在文中講述了遭遇颶風(fēng)之后的一次非同尋常的投遞經(jīng)歷。 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier” in Paragraph 1? A．provider B．delivery man C．collector D．medical doctor 答案　B　[詞義推斷題。由下文及作者在機(jī)場(chǎng)的經(jīng)歷可知，他是一名志愿者，從事干細(xì)胞遞送的工作。所以答案為B。] 2．Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours? A．He cannot stay away from his job too long. B．The donor can only wait for that long. C．The operation needs that very much. D．The ice won’t last any longer. 答案　D　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)“...because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.”一句可知，用于冷藏干細(xì)胞的兩個(gè)冰塊42小時(shí)之后就會(huì)融化，因此正確答案為D。] 3．Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A．To London. B．To Newark. C．To Providence. D．To Washington. 答案　B　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段可知，由于沒有飛往華盛頓的航班，航空公司為作者安排了一架小型飛機(jī)。根據(jù)“...re－routed me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than original scheduled.”一句可知答案非B莫屬。] Passage 2 體裁：記敘文　話題：一個(gè)有趣的故事　詞數(shù)：304　時(shí)間：7′ (2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，B)On one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Slide caf and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table. “Hey，aren’t you from Mississippi？” the elegant，white－h(huán)aired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I’m from Mississippi too.” Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair. “They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said.“I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.” Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring outside.Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her big－city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. “My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added.“And I said: ‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them．’” Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation. “I don’t make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don’t have to.” Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss.，from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ear has now given out.Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了Eudora Welty在紐約請(qǐng)朋友吃飯時(shí)發(fā)生的有趣的故事。 4．What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe? A．Two strangers joined her. B．Her childhood friends came in. C．A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D．Some people held a party there. 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句．..another customer was approaching their table.和第三段中的When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair.可知兩個(gè)陌生人加入了她們。故選A。] 5．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s________． A．readers B．parties C．friends D．stories 答案　D　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上一句“My friends said：‘Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added.和本句中的動(dòng)詞write. 可知，them代替是stories。故選D。] 6．What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction? A．They live in big cities B．They are mostly women C．They come from real life D．They are pleasure seekers 答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“I don’t make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don’t have to.”推知，Welty小說中的人物都來自現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。故選C。] Passage 3 體裁：說明文　話題：項(xiàng)目介紹　詞數(shù)：300　時(shí)間：6′ (2015全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，C)Salvador Dali (1904－1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities. The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (無(wú)限)．“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum－theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　這篇短文主要介紹了現(xiàn)代著名藝術(shù)家Dali的作品風(fēng)格及the world of Dali中的展品情況。 7．Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1? A．Optimistic. B．Productive. C．Generous. D．Traditional. 答案　B　[推理判斷題。短文首段介紹了藝術(shù)家Dali的作品。由“...with an exhibition bring together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.”一句可知，Dali的作品眾多，是一個(gè)多產(chǎn)畫家。故答案為B。] 8．What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A．One of his masterworks. B．A successful screen adaptation. C．An artistic creation for the stage. D．One of the best TV programmes. 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“...the visitors will find the best pieces，most importantly the Persistence of Memory”可知，該作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推斷它是Dali的杰作之一。] 9．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? A．By popularity. B．By importance. C．By size and shape. D．By time and subject. 答案　D　[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段末句中的“...follows a path of time and subject.”可知，Dali的作品是按時(shí)間和主題進(jìn)行布展的。答案選D。] 10．What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Artworks. B．Projects. C．Donations. D．Documents. 答案　A　[詞義猜測(cè)題。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要來源于兩個(gè)途徑：一是與馬德里的一家藝術(shù)館密切合作；一是靠像Salvador Dali Museum這樣的機(jī)構(gòu)的捐贈(zèng)。聯(lián)系全文大意及前一分句不難推測(cè)其它機(jī)構(gòu)捐贈(zèng)的是藝術(shù)作品。因此答案為A。] Passage 4 體裁：記敘文　話題：享受生活　詞數(shù)：330　時(shí)間：7′ (2015四川卷，B)Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on disability for a bad back，he bought a small farm in the country，just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables，fruit trees and even kept bees for honey. And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)．The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible smell，Dad said the stronger the manure，the healthier the crops，and he was right.For example，just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell，and the taste was even sweeter. As the vegetables started coming in，Dad threw himself into cooking.One day，armed with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew(燉菜)．Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages，eggplants，potatoes，corns，onions and carrots.For about half an hour，the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally，Dad turned off the stove，the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dad’s pile of chicken manure was bad，this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid，the smell nearly knocked us out. Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad was it？The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak! Determined，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didn’t look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didn’t offend the nose so much，either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要講述了作者的父親買了一個(gè)小農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在里面種滿了各種蔬菜、果樹甚至還養(yǎng)了蜜蜂。但作者的父親收獲的時(shí)候，他燉了一鍋蔬菜，聞到味道時(shí)，作者和其他人覺得燒得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。 11．Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgin’s chicken house regularly? A．To earn some money for the family. B．To collect manure for his crops. C．To get rid of the terrible smell. D．To set a good example to us. 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)文章第一段的And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)．可知是為了收集肥料。] 12．What can we infer about Dad’s stew? A．It is popular among the neighbors. B．It contains honey and vegetables. C．It looks very wonderful. D．It tastes quite delicious. 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的 we drank up every last drop of soup.可知選擇D。意為父親的燉菜非常美味。] 13．What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean? A．To attract. B．To upset. C．To air. D．To shut. 答案　B　[詞義判斷題。根據(jù)文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知，此處指的是鼻子聞不到那種味道，意為攪亂。] 14．What can we learn about Dad from the text? A．He is an experienced cook. B．He is a troublesome father. C．He has a positive attitude to life. D．He suffers a lot from his disability. 答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容可知，父親在背部受傷后，不愿意休息，而是自己經(jīng)營(yíng)著小農(nóng)場(chǎng)，而且在收獲后，還自己種菜?？芍赣H對(duì)生活有著積極的態(tài)度。] 題組二　嘗試模擬 Passage 1 (2016濟(jì)寧模擬)Many studies have shown that students learn in different ways and that good results can be achieved if they are taught by a teaching method that suits them best.Similarly，students’ performance varies in what types of test they are given.Therefore，it may seem reasonable to give students the chance to choose how they wish to be tested.However，this would mean teachers would be forced to prepare many different methods of assessment for the exact same material.Teachers are already very busy，creating tests，grading，coming up with interesting lesson plans，teaching classes，not to mention holding parent－teacher conferences，and creating new tests would only add to their burden. Another strain teachers would have to face is how to grade fairly and objectively if students were tested on the same material in a variety of ways.For instance，how do you compare a student who wrote an essay on one small topic of a book to another who answered every multiple choice question correctly over the entire book？Maybe the student who wrote the essay only read a small part of it in depth enough so that they could write the essay.But perhaps the student taking the multiple choice test only had a base understanding of the book and couldn’t write a critical essay about something in it. This is not to say，however，that students should be graded in the same manner every time.This would be equally unfair as again，different students test better when assessed by different methods.Therefore，teachers need to be sure to give essay tests，multiple choice tests，as well as other multi－media (多媒體) projects to assess their students，just not over the same material.This gives students the opportunity to show off their abilities and make up for tasks that they’re not good at.For instance，a student that is a bad test taker could make up for their grade with a well－performed project.Another option is to provide students with extra credit opportunities.As such，students could be allowed to choose the method in which they wish to complete their extra credit.If a student is a strong essay writer，they could write an extra essay to make up for their poor test grade.This would allow students to compensate for poor grades in areas in which they aren’t as accomplished. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是議論文。不同的學(xué)生所擅長(zhǎng)的考試方式不盡相同，那么是否應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生自己選擇考試方式呢？作者對(duì)此問題展開討論。 1．We know from Paragraph 1 that if students could choose how they are tested，teachers would ________． A．have more work B．lose their authority C．change their lesson plans D．prepare more testing materials 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的this would mean teachers would be forced to prepare many different methods of assessment for the exact same material及creating new tests would only add to their burden可知，如果讓學(xué)生自己選擇考試方式，那么意味著老師要對(duì)同樣的考試內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)不同的考試方式，工作量必然加大。] 2．What does the underlined word “strain” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Possibility. B．Difficulty. C．Approach. D．Hesitation. 答案　B　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的how to grade fairly and objectively if students were tested on the same material in a variety of ways可知，如果讓學(xué)生自己選擇考試方式的話，如何公正客觀地評(píng)價(jià)是老師面臨的另一個(gè)“困難”。] 3．The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________. A．draw a conclusion B．offer suggestions C．predict the future D．prove his point 答案　B　[寫作目的題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Teachers need to be sure to give essay tests...以及Another option is to provide students with extra credit opportunities可知，本段主要對(duì)“讓學(xué)生自己選擇考試方式”如何操作提出了兩點(diǎn)建議。] 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．An announcement. C．A news report. D．An education magazine. 答案　D　[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要圍繞“讓學(xué)生自己選擇考試方式”展開討論，屬于教育的范疇。故選D項(xiàng)。] Passage 2 (2016合肥高三第一次質(zhì)檢) 3 Brilliant British Races BOGNOR BIRDMAN (JULY 18－19) Every summer，thousands of people from around the world gather in Bognor Regis on the southern coast of England to see who can fly the longest distance in home－made flying machines before jumping into the English Channel.The record，set in 1992，is 292 feet.Frequently，participants compete in special clothes.Dr.Who and his Tardis，a group of flying doughnuts (油炸圈餅)，and a skateboarding cow have all taken the leap in past competitions.They didn’t get so far. WORLD HEN RACING CHAMPIONSHIPS(AUGUST 1) Chickens are extremely difficult to train，but that doesn’t stop about 50 international hen owners from entering their birds in the World Hen Racing Championships each year in Bonsall，England.Keeping alive a century－old tradition，the hens race along a 50－foot course.While some owners let their untrained chickens “wing__it，” others try to get their chickens into competition shape with daily “sprints(短跑)” during the months leading up to the race. BRITISH LAWN MOWER RACING ASSOCIATION’S 12－HOUR RACE (AUGUST 8) Mowing the lawn (刈草坪)for 12 hours straight is some people’s idea of an impossibility.For others，it’s the most interesting part of the summer.Drivers start their engines at 8：00 in the evening，and，in teams of three，work straight through the night until 8：00 the next morning，averaging 25 mph.Last year，the winning team finished a record 311 miles on the course in Billingshurst，England，doing justice to the association’s motto：“Per Herbam Ad Astra，” or “Through the Grass to the Stars.” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹英國(guó)幾項(xiàng)趣味比賽。 5．The Bognor Birdman event ________． A．was first held in 1992 B．is actually a local festival C．features high－tech flying machines D．has an unbeaten record in recent two decades 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段中提到The record，set in 1992，is 292 feet可知，這項(xiàng)賽事近二十年沒有出現(xiàn)新的紀(jì)錄。] 6．The underlined phrase “wing it” in the text probably means ________． A．compete with their wings spread B．compete without preparation C．race along the course nonstop D．race with trained chickens 答案　B　[詞義猜測(cè)題。由下一句的others try to get their chickens into competition shape with daily “sprints” during the months leading up to the race可知，有些人參賽之前會(huì)對(duì)自己的雞進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，再由While的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，wing it應(yīng)該是“臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮”的意思。] 7．What do the three races have in common? A．They are irregularly scheduled. B．They are held in the same season. C．They are all held in coastal areas. D．They are all traditional competitions. 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。三項(xiàng)比賽在7、8月份舉辦，都是夏季。] Passage 3 (2016武漢高三調(diào)研)America used to have a strong college education system for prison inmates (prisoners)．It was seen as a way to rehabilitate men and women in prison by helping them go straight when they got out. Those taxpayer－supported college classes were put to an end in the 1990s.But New York Governor Andrew Cuomo would like to bring them back in the state，setting off a fierce new debate. A number of lawmakers in New York have promised to kill Cuomo’s proposal (提議)． Cuomo says reintroducing taxpayer－funded college classes in New York’s prisons is a common－sense plan that will reduce the number of inmates who commit new crimes. “You pay $60，000 for a prison cell for a year，” Cuomo responded.“You put a guy away for 10 years，and that’s $600，000.Right now，chances are almost half.Once he’s set free，he’s going to come right back.” Cuomo says helping inmates get a college education would cost about $5，000 a year per person.He argues，“It’s a small amount of money if it keeps that inmate from bouncing back into prison.” But even some members of the governor’s own party hate this idea.State Assemblywoman Addie Russell，whose upstate district includes three state prisons，says taxpayers just won’t stand for inmates getting a free college education，while middle－class families struggle to pay for their kids’ college fees. “That is the vast majority of feedback (反饋) that I’m also getting from my constituents (選民)，”she says.“You know，‘Where is the relief for the rest of the population who obey the law？’” “I was very disappointed that the policy had been changed，” says Gerald Gaes，who served as an expert on college programs for the Federal Bureau of Prisons in the 1990s.In 1994，President Clinton stopped federal student aid programs for inmates. Gaes says research shows that college classes actually save taxpayers’ money over time，by reducing the number of inmates who break the law and wind up back in those expensive prison cells. “It is cost－effective，” he says.“Designing prisons that way will have a long－term benefit for New York State.” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是議論文，美國(guó)紐約州正在激烈辯論是否應(yīng)該向犯人提供高等教育的問題。 8．The underlined word “rehabilitate” probably means “________”． A．let people know more about prisoners B．help someone have a normal life again C．a(chǎn)llow prisoners to experience the world D．encourage someone to help other people 答案　B　[詞義猜測(cè)題。聯(lián)系全文主旨，由helping them go straight when they got out可以推斷，rehabilitate應(yīng)該是“使某人重新恢復(fù)正常生活”的意思。] 9．What is the debate about? A．Lawmakers’ rights in New York. B．College classes for New York’s citizens. C．Higher education in New York’s prisons. D．Punishments given to New York’s criminals. 答案　C　[推理判斷題。由第二至四段可知，這是一場(chǎng)關(guān)于紐約州監(jiān)獄內(nèi)高等教育問題的辯論。] 10．Cuomo does the calculations to prove ________． A．a(chǎn)lmost half of prisoners are likely to come back into prison B．college classes for inmates can save taxpayers’ money C．the costs of running prisons in the US are on the rise D．it is very difficult to reduce the number of inmates 答案　B　[推理判斷題。由第五、六兩段可知，Cuomo州長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行這些估算是為了證明面向犯人的大學(xué)課程能夠?yàn)榧{稅人省錢。] 11．Most of Russell’s constituents believe Cuomo’s proposal ________． A．is unfair to middle－class families B．will benefit citizens obeying laws C．will be useless for improving prisons D．is based on most taxpayers’ feedback 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第七、八兩段可知，大多數(shù)Russell的選民認(rèn)為Cuomo州長(zhǎng)的提議對(duì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭不公平。] Passa