高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第1部分 基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)聚焦 Unit 3 Plants and Animals知能演練輕松闖關(guān) 重慶大學(xué)版必修4

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Unit 3 Plants and Animals Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1. I’ll come straight the point—your work isn’t good enough. 答案：to 2．Surrounded by a river，the park had a central pond with flowers (float) in it. 答案：floating 3．Among the young people，there is a (grow) tendency to regard money more highly than the quality of life. 答案：growing 4．The brave soldiers were determined to save all the people (trap) in the mine. 答案：trapped 5．The girl had hardly rung the bell the door opened suddenly，and a birthday party was waiting for her. 答案：when 6．We have spotted the location， we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang. 答案：which 7． (face)a tough job market，college graduates，though mostly young and inexperienced，remain confident about their future. 答案：Facing 8．I’m very glad to hear the news he has gotten married. 答案：that 9．Yesterday when (walk) in the street，I came across an old friend. 答案：walking 10．The thing that matters is not the problem itself，but we should do with it. 答案：what Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2016濟(jì)南高三針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練)Britons may like to complain a lot，but they rarely do so in the moment，explains BBC writer Ruth Margolis.They would rather grumble(發(fā)牢騷) afterward.This is because Britons hate to put someone out and cause a scene.Margolis writes: “For instance, I’m much more comfortable just leaving that piece of raw chicken on my plate instead of complaining to restaurant staff.But beware: if this kind of thing happens when you’re dining with an American，they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this ashamed.” In a BBC blog post comparing cultural differences between the UK and the US, Margolis mentions a few other things that Americans like to do that are offensive to Britons. ?Not making introductions Margolis says most Britons dislike this approach because “talking to strangers without being introduced gives them a stomachache”．Americans rarely introduce a new friend to their friends at parties.Strangers are supposed to introduce themselves. ?“Quite” good Using “quite” to mean “very” happens a lot in the US.But if you are invited to a dinner party in Britain，don’t describe the meal as “quite good” if you want to express high praise.To Britons’ ears，“quite”detracts from the “good”： the meal was OK but could have been better. ?Money Talk Americans can talk about money subjects for hours without feeling uncomfortable. For Britons，says Margolis：“talking about how much we make is unthinkable—even less so than discussing our feelings.” ?Overpoliteness “It’s not that I want shop assistants to be actively rude.But neither do I want to expend energy responding to someone who’s been paid to ask.‘How are you today？’”says Margolis.In the US, it is not unusual to be greeted by a perfect stranger as “honey” or “sweetie”．But Margolis says Britons find puton friendliness, especially in stores，deeply irritating(使人生氣的)． 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。BBC記者Ruth Margolis通過(guò)列舉一些令英國(guó)人討厭的美國(guó)人的行為，說(shuō)明了英美文化之間的差異。 1．Margolis’s dining experience in Paragraph 1 shows that ． A．Britons are particular about foods B．Britons are not good at complaining C．Americans usually complain directly D．Americans complain more than Britons C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“But beware：if this kind of thing happens when you’re dining with an American，they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this ashamed.”可知，如果英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人一起吃飯，對(duì)飯菜不滿意，英國(guó)人當(dāng)時(shí)不會(huì)抱怨，但美國(guó)人會(huì)替英國(guó)人大聲說(shuō)出來(lái)，并且不明白英國(guó)人為何會(huì)對(duì)此感到難為情。由此可推知，美國(guó)人通常會(huì)直接抱怨。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．Which of the following might Margolis agree with? A．Britons enjoy talking about their feelings. B．Americans introduce themselves at parties. C．Americans dislike talking to strangers at parties. D．Britons feel happy if treated like close friends. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Americans rarely introduce a new friend to their friends at parties.Strangers are supposed to introduce themselves.”可知，在派對(duì)上美國(guó)人很少會(huì)把新朋友介紹給朋友們；陌生人需要自我介紹。由此可知，B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第五段第二句“For Britons...‘talking...unthinkable—even less so than discussing our feelings.’”可知，英國(guó)人不喜歡談?wù)撟约旱母惺?，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，英國(guó)人不喜歡別人待自己過(guò)于親密，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。故選B項(xiàng)。 3．The underlined phrase“detracts from”in the text probably means “ ”． A．differs greatly from B．increases the quality of C．reduces the strength of D．draws attention away from C　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“To Britons’ ears，‘quite’detracts from the ‘good’：the meal was OK but could have been better.”可知，對(duì)于英國(guó)人而言，“quite good”這種說(shuō)法暗含著“飯菜本來(lái)可能更好些”的意思，這樣反而降低了稱贊的程度。故選C項(xiàng)。 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How to get on well with westerners. B．How to start conversations with Britons. C．Ruth Margolis’s tips on public behavior. D．Some American habits that annoy Britons. D　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要列舉了一些令英國(guó)人討厭的美國(guó)人的行為，說(shuō)明了英美文化之間的差異。故答案選D項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2016青島高三自主診斷)I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner.Mother was 1 quilt after quilt from the boxes, 2 showing me their beauties.She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church.When we began to 3 and put them back into the boxes，I noticed something at the 4 of one box. “What is this？” I asked. “Oh？” Mom said，“That’s Mama’s quilt.” I 5 the quilt.It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together; 6 designs, 7 pictures，a winding line on the right. “Grandmother made this？”I said, 8 ．My grandmother was a master at making quilts.This 9 didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made. “Yes，right before she died.I 10 it home with me last year and made some 11 ，”she said.“I’m still 12 on it.See, this is what I’ve done so far.” I looked at it more 13 ．At the center of the quilt，she had sewn a piece of 14 with these words：“My mother made many quilts.She didn’t get all lines 15 ．But I think this is beautiful.I want to see it 16 .Her last quilt.” “Oh, this is so nice，Mom，”I said.It 17 to me that by completing my grandmother’s quilt，my mother was honoring her own 18 ．I realized，too，that I held in my hands a family 19 ．It started with the loving hands of one woman，and 20 with the loving hands of another. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者到母親家參加周一的家庭聚餐時(shí)，在母親家里的箱子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一床外婆縫的被子，被子上的線都是彎彎曲曲的，原來(lái)這是外婆生前縫的最后一床被子，這床被子已經(jīng)被母親做了一些加工，這體現(xiàn)了兩代人之間愛(ài)的傳遞。 1．A.splitting up　　　　　 B．picking up C．pulling out D．showing off C　解析：split up意為“分手，(使)分開(kāi)”；pick up意為“撿起，偶然學(xué)會(huì)”；pull out意為“取出，拽出”；show off意為“炫耀，賣弄”。根據(jù)空格后的“from the boxes”可知，此處指母親從箱子里取出一床又一床的被子。故答案選C。 2．A.proudly B．frankly C．politely D．generously A　解析：proudly意為“驕傲地，自豪地”；frankly意為“坦誠(chéng)地”；politely意為“禮貌地”；generously意為“慷慨地”。根據(jù)空格后“showing me their beauties”可知，此處指母親取出一床又一床被子，滿臉自豪地向“我”展示被子的精美之處。故答案選A。 3．A.push B．lift C．cover D．fold D　解析：push意為“推，推動(dòng)”；lift意為“舉起，抬起”；cover意為“覆蓋，包括”；fold意為“折疊，對(duì)折”。根據(jù)空格后的“put them back into the boxes”可知，此處表示“我們”開(kāi)始將被子疊好重新放進(jìn)箱子里。故答案選D。 4．A.top B．bottom C．back D．front B　解析：top意為“頂端，頂部”；bottom意為“末端，底部”；back意為“背部，后面”；front意為“前面”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)指“我”注意到一個(gè)箱子的底部有個(gè)東西。at the bottom of為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在……的底部”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。 5．A.pressed B．spread C．packed D．raised B　解析：press意為“壓，按”；spread意為“展開(kāi)，攤開(kāi)”；pack意為“打包”；raise意為“舉起，提起”。根據(jù)下文對(duì)被子上的東西的描述可推知，“我”把被子攤開(kāi)才能看到被子上面的東西。故答案選B。 6．A.perfect B．delicate C．mature D．irregular D　解析：perfect意為“完美的，極好的”；delicate意為“易損壞的，微妙的”；mature意為“成熟的，仔細(xì)考慮過(guò)的”；irregular意為“不規(guī)則的”。根據(jù)空格前半句可知，被子看起來(lái)像是由學(xué)校里的一群孩子拼湊起來(lái)的，因此它的花紋應(yīng)是不規(guī)則的。故答案選D。 7．A.childish B．elegant C．classic D．horrible A　解析：childish意為“孩子氣的，幼稚的”；elegant意為“優(yōu)雅的”；classic意為“古典的”；horrible意為“可怕的”。根據(jù)上文中“It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together”可知，此處應(yīng)指被子上的圖案有些孩子氣。故答案選A。 8．A.excited B．depressed C．surprised D．delighted C　解析：excited意為“興奮的”；depressed意為“沮喪的，失落的”；surprised意為“吃驚的”；delighted意為“高興的”。根據(jù)下一句“My grandmother was a master at making quilts.”可知，外婆是個(gè)縫被子的能手，所以當(dāng)知道這床花紋不規(guī)則的被子是外婆做的時(shí)，“我”應(yīng)該感到很吃驚。surprised符合文意。故答案選C。 9．A.almost B．certainly C．partly D．probably B　解析：almost意為“幾乎，差不多”；certainly意為“無(wú)疑，確定”；partly意為“部分地”；probably意為“可能”。根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的外婆是個(gè)縫被子的能手，由此可推知，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這床被子看起來(lái)不像是她縫過(guò)的任何一床被子。故答案選B。 10．A.robbed B．bought C．dropped D．brought D　解析：rob意為“搶”；buy意為“買”；drop意為“落下，投下”；bring意為“帶來(lái)”。根據(jù)上文可知，這是外婆生前縫的最后一床被子，母親把它帶回了家。bring符合文意。故答案選D。 11．A.decisions B．money C．changes D．mistakes C　解析：decision意為“決定”；money意為“錢”；change意為“改變，變化”；mistake意為“錯(cuò)誤”。根據(jù)下段中“At the center of the quilt，she had sewn a piece...these words：‘My mother made many quilts...’”可知，母親對(duì)這床被子做了一些改動(dòng)。故答案選C。 12．A.working B．depending C．living D．sitting A　解析：work意為“工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”；depend意為“依靠，信賴”；live意為“生活，度過(guò)”；sit意為“坐”。根據(jù)下一句“See，this is what I’ve done so far.”可知，母親仍在改外婆縫的被子。work符合文意。故答案選A。 13．A.disappointedly B．closely C．nervously D．gratefully B　解析：disappointedly意為“失望地”；closely意為“接近地，緊密地”；nervously意為“緊張地”；gratefully意為“感激地”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，母親讓“我”看一看她已經(jīng)修改好的地方，因此此處應(yīng)為“我”湊近一些看被子。closely符合文意。故答案選B。 14．A.paper B．bread C．wood D．cloth D　解析：paper意為“紙張”；bread意為“面包”；wood意為“木材，木制品”；cloth意為“布，一塊布”。此處指在被子中央，母親縫了一塊布條，布條上面繡了一些字。只有cloth符合常識(shí)和文意。故答案選D。 15．A.strong B．hidden C．straight D．bent C　解析：strong意為“強(qiáng)壯的”；hidden意為“隱藏的，神秘的”；straight意為“直的，連續(xù)的”；bent意為“彎曲的”。根據(jù)第四段中的“a winding line on the right”可知，外婆縫出來(lái)的線條不是很直。straight符合文意。故答案選C。 16．A.finished B．removed C．produced D．prepared A　解析：finish意為“完成”；remove意為“移除，遷移”；produce意為“生產(chǎn)，制作”；prepare意為“準(zhǔn)備”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這是外婆生前縫的最后一床被子，母親想看到被子被縫制完成。finish符合文意。故答案選A。 17．A.happened B．a(chǎn)ppeared C．occurred D．struck C　解析：happen意為“發(fā)生”；appear意為“出現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)”；occur意為“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”；strike意為“敲響，報(bào)時(shí)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)為“我”突然想到……it occurs/occurred to sb.that...為固定句型，意為“某人突然想到……”。其余選項(xiàng)均無(wú)此用法。故答案選C。 18．A.skill B．mother C．show D．quilt B　解析：skill意為“技巧”；mother意為“母親”；show意為“節(jié)目，展出”；quilt意為“被子”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，母親修改外婆生前縫的最后一床被子，是為了表達(dá)她對(duì)自己母親的懷念。故答案選B。 19．A.shame B．responsibility C．desire D．treasure D　解析：shame意為“羞愧，可恥的人”；responsibility意為“責(zé)任，職責(zé)”；desire意為“愿望，希望”；treasure意為“珍寶，極貴重的物品”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，此處應(yīng)為“我”意識(shí)到“我”的手里拿著一件傳家之寶。故答案選D。 20．A.continued B．stopped C．declined D．disappeared A　解析：continue意為“繼續(xù)”；stop意為“停止”；decline意為“婉言謝絕”；disappear意為“消失”。根據(jù)外婆縫的被子被母親帶回了家，并做了改動(dòng)可知，此處指這被子(寶貝)始于一個(gè)女人充滿愛(ài)的雙手，并由另一個(gè)女人充滿愛(ài)的雙手繼續(xù)傳遞。continue符合文意。故答案選A。 Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空 (2016南昌高三模擬)My interest in Chinese food started years ago，when I was a young reporter for the Washington Post. Our office wasn’t far 1. Chinatown，where I found some very good Chinese restaurants. The first time I ever ate Chinese food, I loved it.I 2. (notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables.When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why 3. has this special feature. Many years ago, China had 4. energy crisis because it lost much of its wood due to over population and poor 5. (manage) of its forests.This loss was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food.Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their 6. (value) wood, or learn how to use it better.There weren’t any substitutes so people found ways to economize. In order to economize in 7. (cook)，they had to use very little wood.So they started cutting their meat and vegetables into small pieces before they put them in the hot oil.That way，the food cooked 8. (fast) and they saved more fuel.The food 9. (prepare) in this way kept its fresh flavor—and it’s this flavor 10. attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了作者對(duì)中國(guó)食物的熱愛(ài)和中國(guó)烹飪的由來(lái)。 1．from　解析：考查介詞。句意：我們的辦公室離唐人街不遠(yuǎn)……be far from意為“離……遠(yuǎn)”，符合句意。故填from。 2．noticed　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填noticed。 3．it　解析：考查代詞。句意：當(dāng)我對(duì)這種食物了解得更多時(shí)，我開(kāi)始明白為什么這種食物會(huì)如此特別?？崭裉幣c前一分句中的“the food”為同一事物，為了避免重復(fù)，應(yīng)用代詞“it”指代“the food”。故填it。 4．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。句意：多年以前，中國(guó)發(fā)生了一次能源危機(jī)……空格處修飾“energy crisis”，表泛指，crisis在該句中為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，且“energy”的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，因此填不定冠詞an。 5．management　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞poor及空格后的介詞of可知，空格處應(yīng)為名詞。故填management。 6．valuable　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空格后是名詞wood，因此應(yīng)用所給詞的形容詞形式修飾wood。故填valuable。 7．cooking　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞in后用名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。cook作名詞時(shí)意為“廚師”，不合句意，因此要用其動(dòng)名詞形式cooking，意為“烹飪”。句意：為了在烹飪時(shí)能節(jié)省能源，他們不得不少用木頭。故填cooking。 8．faster　解析：考查副詞的比較級(jí)?！皌he food cooked ”與and后的“they saved more fuel”是并列關(guān)系，故此處也應(yīng)用副詞fast的比較級(jí)faster。句意：那樣，食物就煮得快些，他們就能節(jié)省更多的燃料。故填faster。 9．prepared　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是kept，故prepare是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。prepare與主語(yǔ)The food之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用其過(guò)去分詞形式。故填prepared。 10．that　解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中的it’s可先假定本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，去掉it’s和空格后，剩余部分為“this flavor attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking”。此句成分和意義都完整。由此可知，本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為主語(yǔ)“this flavor”。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他”。故填that。句意：正是這種味道吸引了其他國(guó)家的人來(lái)品味中國(guó)飲食文化。