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無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
摘要
齒輪傳動(dòng)是現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用最廣的一種傳動(dòng)形式。它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：
① 瞬時(shí)傳動(dòng)比恒定、工作平穩(wěn)、傳動(dòng)準(zhǔn)確可靠，可傳遞空間任意兩軸之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力；
② 適用的功率和速度范圍廣；
③ 傳動(dòng)效率高，η=0.92-0.98；
④ 工作可靠、使用壽命長；
⑤ 外輪廓尺寸小、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。由齒輪、軸、軸承及箱體組成的齒輪減速器,用于原動(dòng)機(jī)和工作機(jī)或執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)之間,起匹配轉(zhuǎn)速和傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的作用,在現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用極為廣泛。
國內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動(dòng)、蝸桿傳動(dòng)為主，但普遍存在著功率與重量比小，或者傳動(dòng)比大而機(jī)械效率過低的問題。另外，材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點(diǎn)，特別是大型的減速器問題更突出，使用壽命不長。國外的減速器，以德國、丹麥和日本處于領(lǐng)先地位，特別在材料和制造工藝方面占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，減速器工作可靠性好，使用壽命長。但其傳動(dòng)形式仍以定軸齒輪傳動(dòng)為主，體積和重量問題，也未解決好。
當(dāng)今的減速器是向著大功率、大傳動(dòng)比、小體積、高機(jī)械效率以及使用壽命長的方向發(fā)展。減速器與電動(dòng)機(jī)的連體結(jié)構(gòu)，也是大力開拓的形式，并已生產(chǎn)多種結(jié)構(gòu)形式和多種功率型號(hào)的產(chǎn)品。近十幾年來,由于近代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得機(jī)械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，從而推動(dòng)了機(jī)械傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品的多樣化，整機(jī)配套的模塊化，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，以及造型設(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)化，使產(chǎn)品更加精致，美觀化。
在21世紀(jì)成套機(jī)械裝備中,齒輪仍然是機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的基本部件。CNC機(jī)床和工藝技術(shù)的發(fā)展,推動(dòng)了機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的飛速發(fā)展。在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中的電子控制、液壓傳動(dòng)、齒輪、帶鏈的混合傳動(dòng),將成為變速箱設(shè)計(jì)中優(yōu)化傳動(dòng)組合的方向。在傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)中的學(xué)科交叉,將成為新型傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的重要趨勢(shì)。
關(guān)鍵字：減速器 軸承 齒輪 機(jī)械傳動(dòng)
Wheel gear's spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine.Its main advantage BE:The
① spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks;Power and speed scope
② applies are wide;
③ spreads to move an efficiency high, η =0.92-0.98;
④ work is dependable, service life long;
⑤ Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted to°from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine.
⑥ Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machine's problem is more outstanding, the service life isn't long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, don't also resolve like
The direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns.
Become a set a machine material in 21 centuries medium, the wheel gear is still a machine to spread a dynamic basic parts.CNC tool machine and the craft technical development, pushed a machine to spread to move structure to fly to develop soon.Be spreading to move the electronics control, liquid in the system design to press to spread to move, wheel gear, take the mixture of chain to spread to move, will become become soon a box to design in excellent turn to spread to move a combination of direction.The academics that is in spread move the design crosses, will become new spread a movable property article the important trend of the development.
Essential character：Reduction gear、 Bearing 、gear 、mechanical drive
目 錄
引言……………………………………………………………1
傳動(dòng)方案的擬定及說明………………………………………4
電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇…………………………………………………6
計(jì)算傳動(dòng)裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)……………………………7
傳動(dòng)件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算……………………………………………8
軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算…………………………………………………12
滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇及計(jì)算………………………………………18
鍵聯(lián)接的選擇及校核計(jì)算……………………………………20
連軸器的選擇…………………………………………………21
減速器附件的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………22
潤滑與密封……………………………………………………23
結(jié)果與討論……………………………………………………25
設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)………………………………………………………28
參考資料目錄…………………………………………………29
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