閥體機械加工工藝規(guī)程及銑四周槽面工裝夾具設(shè)計

閥體機械加工工藝規(guī)程及銑四周槽面工裝夾具設(shè)計,閥體,機械,加工,工藝,規(guī)程,四周,四處,工裝,夾具,設(shè)計 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 開題報告 1、本課題的研究意義，國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、水平和發(fā)展趨勢 閥體工藝規(guī)則設(shè)計及銑夾具設(shè)計為本課題的研究內(nèi)容，對此研究查閱的大量的資料，首先明白機械加工工藝過程就是用切削的方法改變毛坯的形狀、尺寸和材料的物理機械性質(zhì)成為具有所需要的一定精度、粗糙度等的零件。 為了能具體確切的說明過程，使工件能按照零件圖的技術(shù)要求加工出來，就得制定復(fù)雜的機械加工工藝規(guī)程來作為生產(chǎn)的指導(dǎo)性技術(shù)文件，學(xué)習(xí)研究制定機械加工工藝規(guī)程的意義與作用就是本課題研究目的。 在整個設(shè)計過程中,我們將學(xué)習(xí)到更多的知識。 （1）我們必須仔細了解零件結(jié)構(gòu)，認真分析零件圖,培養(yǎng)我們獨立識圖能力,增強我們對零件圖的認識和了解,通過對零件圖的繪制,不僅能增強我們的繪圖能力和運用autoCAD軟件的能力。 （2）制訂工藝規(guī)程、確定加工余量、工藝尺寸計算、工時定額計算、定位誤差分析等。在整個設(shè)計中也是非常重要的,通過這些設(shè)計,不僅讓我們更為全面地了解零件的加工過程、加工尺寸的確定,而且讓我們知道工藝路線和加工余量的確定,必須與工廠實際的機床相適應(yīng)。 這對以前學(xué)習(xí)過的知識的復(fù)習(xí),也是以后工作的一個鋪墊。 （3）在這個設(shè)計過程中,我們還必須考慮工件的安裝和夾緊.安裝的正確與否直接影響工件加工精度,安裝是否方便和迅速,又會影響輔助時間的長短,從而影響生產(chǎn)率,夾具是加工工件時,為完成某道工序,用來正確迅速安裝工件的裝置.它對保證加工精度、提高生產(chǎn)率和減輕工人勞動量有很大作用。這是整個設(shè)計的重點,也是一個難點 近年來，機械制造工藝有著飛速的發(fā)展。比如，應(yīng)用人工智能選擇零件的工藝規(guī)程。因為特種加工的微觀物理過程非常復(fù)雜，往往涉及電磁場、熱力學(xué)、流體力學(xué)、電化學(xué)等諸多領(lǐng)域，其加工機理的理論研究極其困難,通常很難用簡單的解析式來表達。近年來，雖然各國學(xué)者采用各種理論對不同的特種加工技術(shù)進行了深入的研究，并取得了卓越的理論成就，但離定量的實際應(yīng)用尚有一定的距離。然而采用每一種特種加工方法所獲得的加工精度和表面 質(zhì)量與加工條件參數(shù)間都有其規(guī)律。因此，目前常采用研究傳統(tǒng)切削加工機理的實驗統(tǒng)計方 法來了解特種加工的工藝規(guī)律，以便實際應(yīng)用，但還缺乏系統(tǒng)性。受其限制，目前特種加工 的工藝參數(shù)只能憑經(jīng)驗選取，還難以實現(xiàn)最優(yōu)化和自動化，例如，電火花成形電極的沉入式 加工工藝，它在占電火花成形機床總數(shù)95%以上的非數(shù)控電火花成形加工機床和較大尺寸的模具型腔加工中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。雖然已有學(xué)者對其CAD、CAPP和CAM原理開展了一些研究，并取得了一些成果，但由于工藝數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏，仍未有成熟的商品化的CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)問世。通常 只能采用手工的方法或部分借助于CAD造型、部分生成復(fù)雜電極的三維型面數(shù)據(jù)。隨著模糊 數(shù)學(xué)、神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)及專家系統(tǒng)等多種人工智能技術(shù)的成熟發(fā)展，人們開始嘗試利用這一技術(shù) 來建立加工效果和加工條件之間的定量化的精度、效率、經(jīng)濟性等實驗?zāi)Ｐ停⒌玫搅顺醪?的成果。因此，通過實驗建模，將典型加工實例和加工經(jīng)驗作為知識存儲起來，建立描述特 種加工工藝規(guī)律的可擴展性開放系統(tǒng)的條件已經(jīng)成熟。并為進一步開展特種加工加工工藝過程的計算機模擬，應(yīng)用人工智能選擇零件的工藝規(guī)程和虛擬加工奠定基礎(chǔ)。 同時，在機械加工過程中，夾具占有非常重要的地位，它可靠地保證了工件的加工精度，提高了加工效率，減輕了勞動的強度，夾具的設(shè)計過程中，應(yīng)深入生產(chǎn)實際，（對工件的圖紙，工藝文件，生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)等分析），精心調(diào)查研究，吸取國內(nèi)外的先進技術(shù)，制訂出合理的設(shè)計方案。 我們都知道減少停工檢修期是提高生產(chǎn)力、使生產(chǎn)能力利用系數(shù)最大化的一項重要因素。然而零件加工過程中的精確定位和裝夾的重復(fù)精度也是改進效率和質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵。譬如柔性加工中心的產(chǎn)生就是為了減少產(chǎn)品循環(huán)周期。 目前中國制造業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛，以前的我國制造業(yè)普遍使用剛性專機加工各種各樣的零部件，導(dǎo)致改型和生產(chǎn)個零部件周期較長。隨著我國制造業(yè)發(fā)展和各種各種零件的需求與日俱增，加工設(shè)備和工藝也向著柔性化的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。加工裝備的柔性概念和需求主要體現(xiàn)在對設(shè)備快速性和適應(yīng)性的需求上，因此制造商不得不尋求柔性和產(chǎn)量之間的最佳組合。當(dāng)然，在滿足了柔性的條件下、也有著不同的解決方案，如：模塊化、可變換化、可重新配置化、在線兼容性等。不論采用哪種方案，使用高性能的液壓夾具都顯得尤為重要，現(xiàn)在，柔性專機、可重新配置的機床及專用加工中心的組合應(yīng)用，使得發(fā)動機零件的加工變得越來越柔性化，具體情況取決于每個加工項目的產(chǎn)量配額。 使用液壓夾具的主要優(yōu)勢是能節(jié)省夾緊和松卸工件時所花的大量的時間。有關(guān)統(tǒng)計資料表明液壓夾緊相比機械夾緊節(jié)省90%~95%的時間，縮小了生產(chǎn)循環(huán)周期，從而增加了產(chǎn)量也就意味著降低了成本。 當(dāng)加工一長型鋁合金零件時，刀具通過時旋轉(zhuǎn)油缸可快速讓開，刀具通過后可快速復(fù)位。液壓夾具系統(tǒng)的第二項重要特點是可實現(xiàn)非常高的定位精度。關(guān)鍵在于夾緊力在定位和夾緊過程中保持恒定不變。從而確保了同一道工序下的加工質(zhì)量一致性。由于變形造成的廢品率將會微乎其微 夾具是機械加工不可缺少的部件，在機床技術(shù)向高速、高效、精密、復(fù)合、智能、環(huán)保方向發(fā)展的帶動下，夾具技術(shù)正朝著高精、高效、模塊、組合、通用、經(jīng)濟的方向發(fā)展。 2、本課題的基本內(nèi)容，預(yù)計可能遇到的困難，提出解決問題的方法和措施 本課題的基本內(nèi)容：閥體工藝規(guī)則設(shè)計及銑夾具設(shè)計 1、閥體加工工藝 1、 制訂閥體加工工藝規(guī)程，關(guān)鍵是工序的劃分和定位基準的選擇。在設(shè)計開始的過程中，我們必須要認真分析零件圖，了解其箱體零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和相關(guān)的技術(shù)要求，對箱體零件的每一個細節(jié)，都應(yīng)仔細的分析，如箱體加工表面的平行度、粗糙度、垂直度，特別是要注意箱體零件各孔系自身精度（同軸度、圓度、粗糙度等）和它們的相互位置精度（軸線之間的平行度、垂直度以及軸線與平面之間的平行度、垂直度等要求），箱體零件的尺寸是整個零件加工的關(guān)鍵，必須弄清箱體零件的每一個尺寸。繪制零件圖是一個重點，同時因為箱體零件比較復(fù)雜,所以也是一個難點。我們采用autoCAD軟件繪制零件圖，一方面增加我們對零件的了解認識，另一方面增加我們對autoCAD軟件的熟悉。 工序的劃分 確定加工順序和工序內(nèi)容，安排工序的集中和分散程度，劃分工序階段，這項工作與生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)有密切關(guān)系，具體可以根據(jù)生產(chǎn)類型、零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點、技術(shù)要求和機床設(shè)備等。生產(chǎn)條件確定工藝過程的工序次數(shù)；如批量小時可采用在通用機床上工序集中原則，批量大時即可按工序分散原則，組織流水線生產(chǎn)，也可利用高生產(chǎn)率的通用設(shè)備，按工序集中原則組織生產(chǎn)。 2、夾具設(shè)計可能遇到的問題： 工件定位是否正確，定位精度是否滿足要求，工件夾緊牢固是否可靠等等。 工件在夾具中的定位精度，主要與定位基準是否與工序基準重合、定位基準與定位元件的配合狀況等因素有關(guān)，可提高夾具的制造精度，減少配合間隙，就能提高夾具在機床上的定位精度，夾具中出現(xiàn)過定位時，可通過撤消多余定位元件，使多余定位元件失去限制重復(fù)自由度的能力，增加過定位元件與定位基準的配合間隙等辦法來解決。 夾緊必須可靠，但夾緊力不可過大，以免工件或夾具產(chǎn)生過大變形?？刹捎枚帱c夾緊或在工件鋼性薄弱部位安放適當(dāng)?shù)妮o助支撐。夾具的設(shè)計必須要保證夾具的定位準確和機構(gòu)合理,考慮夾具的定位誤差和安裝誤差。我們將通過對工件與夾具的認真分析,結(jié)合一些夾具的具體設(shè)計事例,查閱相關(guān)的夾具設(shè)計資料,聯(lián)系在工廠看到的一些箱體零件加工的夾具來解決這些問題. 上述即為遇到困難的解決措施 3、 本課題擬采用的研究手段（途徑）和可行性分析 根據(jù)不同的研究對象擬采用不同的研究手段（途徑），本課題包括兩方面內(nèi)容： 閥體工藝規(guī)則設(shè)計及銑夾具設(shè)計 制定工藝規(guī)程的研究途徑和可行性分析 毛坯的選擇： 根據(jù)生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)和零件結(jié)構(gòu)選擇毛坯，毛坯的類型一般在零件圖上已有規(guī)定。對于鑄件和鍛件應(yīng)了解其分模面、澆口、冒口位置和拔模率，以便在選擇定位基準和計算加工余量時有所考慮。如果毛坯是棒料或型材，則按其標準確定尺寸規(guī)格，并決定每批加工件數(shù)。 毛坯的種類和其質(zhì)量對機械加工的質(zhì)量有密切的關(guān)系。同時對提高勞動生產(chǎn)率、節(jié)約材料、降低成本有很大的影響。閥體毛坯材料為灰鑄鐵（HT150），硬度范圍在150～200HBS，承受中等載荷。采用砂型鑄造方法，由于大批量生產(chǎn)故宜采用實體模樣（金屬模）進行兩箱造型，這不僅簡化了造型和合箱操作，還因型砂緊實度較為均勻，鑄件的表面質(zhì)量得到提高。在切削加工前進行石墨化退火處理，消除鑄件表層和壁厚較薄的部位可能出現(xiàn)的白口組織（大量滲碳體出現(xiàn)）以便進行切削加工。 擬訂工藝路線： 表示零件的加工順序及加工方法，分出工序，安裝或工位及工步等。并選擇各工序所使用的機床型號、刀具、夾具及量具等。擬訂工藝路線從實際出發(fā)，理論聯(lián)系實際和工人結(jié)合起來。常常需要提出幾個方案，進行分析比較后再確定。 計算切削用量、加工余量及工時定額： 查閱《切削用量手冊》等資料并進行計算確定。目前，對單件小批量生產(chǎn)不規(guī)定切削用量，而是由操作工人根據(jù)經(jīng)驗自行選定，但對于自動線和流水線，為保證生產(chǎn)的節(jié)拍，必須規(guī)定切削用量，并不能隨意改變。計算加工余量、工序尺寸及公差是要控制各工序的加工質(zhì)量以保證最終加工質(zhì)量。工時定額一般按各工廠的實際經(jīng)驗積累起來的統(tǒng)計資料來估算。隨著生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，工藝的改進，新工藝，新技術(shù)的不斷出現(xiàn)，工時定額應(yīng)進行相應(yīng)的修改。 對機械加工工藝規(guī)程基本要求可歸結(jié)為質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)率和經(jīng)濟性。雖然有時互相矛盾，但只要把它們處理好，就會成為一個統(tǒng)一體。在三個要求中，質(zhì)量是首要的。質(zhì)量表現(xiàn)在機械產(chǎn)品的各項技術(shù)性能指標，質(zhì)量不能保證，根本談不上數(shù)量；質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)率之間是密切聯(lián)系的，在保證質(zhì)量的前提下，應(yīng)該不斷地最大限度地提高生產(chǎn)率，滿足生產(chǎn)量的要求。如果兩者矛盾，則生產(chǎn)率要服從于質(zhì)量，應(yīng)在保證質(zhì)量的前提下解決生產(chǎn)率問題。在保證質(zhì)量的前提下，應(yīng)盡可能的節(jié)約耗費，減少投資，降低制造成本，這就是經(jīng)濟性。 因此，閥體的工藝規(guī)程研究途徑應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)率和經(jīng)濟性的統(tǒng)一，達到經(jīng)濟合理及可行的最優(yōu)方案。 夾具設(shè)計的研究途徑和可行性分析 閥體鏜、銑、鉆等工序使用的專用夾具，此類夾具的特點是針對性強、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、操作簡便、生產(chǎn)率高。 夾具設(shè)計最關(guān)鍵是要求對工件定位正確，且滿足定位精度要求。為了解決此問題，首先得了解影響定位精度的因素。然后采取措施解決具體的問題。如定位基準與定位元件的配合狀況和影響定位精度，那么可以提高夾具的制造精度，減小配合間隙就能提高夾具在機床上的定位精度。 除此之外，選擇夾具的類型與結(jié)構(gòu)型式必須與零件生產(chǎn)批量大小相適應(yīng)，夾具結(jié)構(gòu)與零部件應(yīng)具有足夠的剛度和強度，從而保證夾具操作方便、夾緊可靠、使用安全、并有合理的裝卸空間。 4、進度計劃 序號 日期 進度安排 1 3月27號 開始進行畢業(yè)設(shè)計、熟悉題目及要求 2 3月31號 設(shè)計資料的收集及借閱 3 4月4號 分析研究所得到的設(shè)計資料 4 4月10號 方案設(shè)計、比較 5 4月20號 設(shè)計方案實施（設(shè)計、計算等） 6 5月20號 設(shè)計、論文整理及修改 7 6月9號 畢業(yè)設(shè)計答辯 8 9 10 11 12 5、指導(dǎo)教師意見（對本課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見和對設(shè)計結(jié)果的預(yù)測） XXXX同學(xué)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計選題后，能綜合運用所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識研究、分析設(shè)計內(nèi)容，明確所要完成的設(shè)計任務(wù)和要求。對該設(shè)計課題即“機械加工工藝與夾具設(shè)計”以及與之相關(guān)的機械制造技術(shù)當(dāng)今的發(fā)展方向、發(fā)展水平的認識基本正確，對該畢業(yè)設(shè)計的初步解決方法，思路基本正確。有關(guān)設(shè)計所需要的參考資料、手冊等的查閱、收集基本就緒，根據(jù)已具備的條件，可以進行零件的機械加工藝工規(guī)程設(shè)計、并依據(jù)所優(yōu)選的零件機械加工規(guī)程進行夾具的方案設(shè)計等工作。在進行過程中，希望該同學(xué)注意保留有關(guān)方案構(gòu)思、計算等有關(guān)材料，以便后續(xù)工藝卡填寫及設(shè)計說明書的整理。 指導(dǎo)教師： 20XX年 月 日 6、教研室主任意見 教研室負責(zé)人： 20XX年 月 日 說明： 1、開題報告應(yīng)根據(jù)教師下發(fā)的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）任務(wù)書，在教師的指導(dǎo)下由學(xué)生獨立撰寫，在畢業(yè)設(shè)計開始后兩周內(nèi)完成。 2、“課題的研究意義、現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展趨勢”應(yīng)不少于1200字，“課題的基本內(nèi)容及研究手段和可行性分析”應(yīng)不少于1000字。 3、本頁不夠，請加頁 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）任務(wù)書 專業(yè) 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 班級 XXX 姓名 XXX 下發(fā)日期 2011-03-05 題目 閥體工藝規(guī)則設(shè)計及銑夾具設(shè)計 專題 1. 設(shè)計閥體零件加工工藝設(shè)計 2. 銑平面夾具設(shè)計 主 要 內(nèi) 容 及 要 求 要求： 在教師的指導(dǎo)下，獨立完成設(shè)計任務(wù)，培養(yǎng)較強的創(chuàng)新意識和學(xué)習(xí)能力，獲得機械工程師的基本訓(xùn)練。使整個設(shè)計在技術(shù)上是先進的，在經(jīng)濟上是合理的，在生產(chǎn)上是可行的。工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計應(yīng)該滿足加工質(zhì)量，生產(chǎn)率，經(jīng)濟性要求，機床夾具設(shè)計方案應(yīng)該合理，有一定的特色和見解。計算步驟清晰，計算結(jié)果正確；設(shè)計制圖符合國家標準；使用計算機設(shè)計，計算和繪圖；說明書要求文字通順，語言簡練，圖示清晰。 必須以負責(zé)的態(tài)度對待自己所做的技術(shù)決定，數(shù)據(jù)和計算結(jié)果。 主要內(nèi)容： （1） 確定生產(chǎn)類型，對零件進行工藝分析。 （2） 選擇毛胚種類及其制造方法，繪制毛坯綜合圖。 （3） 擬定零件的加工工藝過程，選擇各工序的加工設(shè)備和工藝裝備，確定各工序切削用量和工學(xué)尺寸，計算某一代表工序的工時定額。 （4） 填寫工藝文件： 工藝過程卡片（或工藝卡片），工序卡片（可視工作量大小只填部分主要工序的工序卡片）。 （5） 設(shè)計指定工序的專用夾具，繪制裝配總圖和主要零件圖。 （6） 撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書。 成果形式： 設(shè)計說明書不少于10000萬字，查閱文獻10篇以上，繪制圖紙折合總量不少于2張A0 主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 該零件圖一張，年生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)5000件，每日一班。 進 度 及 完 成 日 期 3月23日—4.月3日 ：實習(xí) 二周 4月6日—4月10日 ：繪制被加工零件圖和毛胚圖 一周 4月13日—4月24日 ：制定加工路線，編制工藝卡 二周 4月27日—5月8日 ：進行設(shè)計和計算 二周 5.月11日—5月22日 ：設(shè)計一套夾具裝配圖 二周 5月25日—5月29日 ：設(shè)計夾具的零件圖 一周 6月1日—6月56日 ：外文資料翻譯 一周 6月.8日—6月12日 ：編制和整理設(shè)計計算說明書 一周 6月15日—6月19日 ：機動 一周 6月22日—6月26日 ：準備答辯和答辯 教學(xué)院長簽字 日期 教研主任簽字 日期 指導(dǎo)教師簽字 日期 大連交通大學(xué)2010屆本科生畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯 Mold high speed milling processing technology The abstract Introduced the high speed milling in the mold processing application as well as the influence, and brief introduction high speed milling engine bed structure, control system and cutting tool. Has carried on the simple analysis to the high speed processing craft. Key word high speed milling; mold processing First, foreword In the modern mold production, along with to models artistic and the function must obtain more and more high, models the internal structure to design more and more complex, the mold contour design day by day is also complex, the free curved surface accounts for the proportion to increase unceasingly, the corresponding mold structure also designs more and more complex. These all set a higher request to the mold processing technology, not only should guarantee the high manufacture precision and the surface quality, moreover must pursue the processing surface artistic. Along with is unceasingly thorough to the high speed processing engineering research, is processing the engine bed, the numerical control system, the cutting tool system, CAD/ especially Correlation technology and so on CAM software develops unceasingly under the impetus, high speed processes the technology more and more many to apply in the mold cavity processing and the manufacture. The numerical control high-speed cutting processing took in the mold manufacture a most important advanced manufacture technology, is the collection is highly effective, high quality, the low consumption in a body advanced manufacture technology. Is opposite in the traditional machining, its cutting speed, entered to the speed had the very big enhancement, moreover cut the mechanism not to be same. The high-speed cutting caused the machining to have the leap, its specific power metal excision rate enhanced 30%~40%, the cutting force reduced 30%, the cutting tool working durability enhanced 70%, remained hotly large scale reduces in the work piece cutting, the low step shudder vanished nearly. Along with the cutting speed enhancement, unit time semifinished materials material removing rate increased, the cutting time reduced, the processing efficiency enhanced, thus reduced the product manufacture cycle, enhanced the product market competitive power. At the same time, the high speed processing small amount entered quickly causes the cutting force to reduce, the scrap high speed discharged reduced the work piece cutting force and the thermal load distorts, enhances the rigidity to be bad and the thin wall components machining possibility. Because cutting force reducing, the rotational speed enhancement causes the cutting system the operating frequency to be far away the engine bed the low step natural frequency, but the work piece surface roughness is most sensitive to the low step frequency, from this reduced the surface roughness. In mold high hard steel stock (HRC45~HRC65) in the processing process, uses the high-speed cutting to be possible to substitute for the working procedure which the electrical finishing and rubs truncates polishes, thus has avoided the electrode manufacture and the time-consuming electrical finishing, large scale reduced fitter's polishing with to throw the light quantity. Thin wall mold work piece more and more needs which regarding some markets in, the high speed milling also may smoothly complete, moreover in the high speed milling CNC processing center, a mold attire clamps may complete the multiplex step of processing. The high speed processing technology has had the huge influence to the mold processing craft, changed the traditional mold processing to use "the annealing → milling processing → heat treatment → to rub truncates" or "the electric spark machining →manually polishes, polishes" and so on the complex long technical process, even might use the high-speed cutting processing substitution original complete working procedure. The high speed processing technology besides may apply in the hard mold cavity direct processing (in particular half precision work and precision work), in EDM aspect and so on electrode processing, fast type manufacture also obtained the widespread application. The mass productions practice indicated that, the application high-speed cutting technology may save in the mold following processing 80% handwork to grind the time approximately, saves the processing cost expense nearly 30%, the mold face work precision may reach 1 m, the cutting tool cutting efficiency may enhance one time. Second, high speed milling processing engine bed The high-speed cutting technology is one of machining technology main development directions, it along with foundation technology the and so on CNC technology, microelectronic technology, new material and new structure development but steps a higher stair. Because the mold processes particular as well as high speed processing technology own characteristic, (processed engine bed, numerical control system, cutting tool to the mold high speed processing related technology and the craft system and so on) proposed processed a higher request compared to the traditional mold. 1. High stable engine bed strut part The high-speed cutting engine bed lathe bed and so on supports the part to be supposed to have very well moves, the static rigidity, hot rigidity and best damping characteristic. The majority of engine beds all use high grade, the high rigidity and Gao Kangzhang the gray iron took the strut part material, some engine bed companies also increase the high damping characteristic in the foundation polymer concrete, by increases its vibration-proof and the thermostability, this not only may guarantee the engine bed precision is stable, also may prevent when cutting the cutting tool inspires trembles. Uses the enclosed lathe bed design, the overall casting lathe bed, the symmetrical lathe bed structure and has the densely covered stiffener and so on also enhances the engine bed stable important measure. Some engine bed companies' research and development departments in design process, but also uses the modality analysis and the finite element structure computation and so on, optimized the structure, stably causes the engine bed strut part to be reliable. 2. Engine bed main axle The high speed engine bed main axle performance is the realization high-speed cutting processing important condition. The high-speed cutting engine bed main axle rotational speed scope is 10000~100000m/Min, the main axle power is bigger than 15kW. Is not bigger than 0.005mm through the main axle compressed air of or axial play between the cooling system control hilt and the main axle. Also requests the main axle to have the fast vertical speed, to assign the performance which the position is fast stops (namely to have extremely high angle addition and subtraction speed), therefore the high speed main axle often uses the liquid static pressure bearing type, the air static pressure bearing type, the thermo-compression nitriding silicon (Si3N4) the ceramic bearing magnetism aerosol bearing type isostructuralism form. Lubricates uses technology and so on oil gas lubrication, splash lubrication. The main axle cools uses the main axle interior water cooling generally or air cooled. 3. The engine bed actuates the system In order to satisfy the mold high speed processing the need, high speed processes the engine bed the actuation system to be supposed to have the following characteristic: (1) high entering for speed. The research indicated that, regarding the minor diameter cutting tool, enhances the rotational speed and each tooth enters for the quantity is advantageous in reduces the cutting tool attrition. At present commonly used entering for the speed range is 20~30m/Min, like uses leads greatly the ball bearing guide screw transmission, enters may reach 60m/ for the speedMin; Uses the straight line electrical machinery then may enable to achieve 120m/ to the speedMin. (2) high acceleration. Has the good acceleration characteristic to the three dimensional complex curved surface silhouette high speed processing request actuation system, the request provides the driver which the high rapid advance or progress gives (to enter speed approximately 40m/ quicklyMin, the 3D outline processing speed is 10m/Min), can provide 0.4m/S2 to 10m/The s2 acceleration and reduces the speed. The engine bed manufacturer mostly uses the entire closed loop position servo-control slightly to lead, the great size, the high grade ball bearing guide screw or leads greatly many guide screws. Along with the electrical machinery technology development, the advanced straight line electric motor already was published, and the success applied in the CNC engine bed. The advanced straight line direct motor drive enable the CNC engine bed no longer to have the mass inertia, in advance, question and so on lag and vibration, sped up the servo speed of response, increased the servo-control precision and the engine bed processing precision. 4. Numerical control system The advanced numerical control system is guaranteed the mold complex curved surface high speed processing quality and the efficiency key aspect, the mold high-speed cutting processing to the numerical control system basic request is: A. High speed numerical control return route (Digital control loop), including: 32 or above 64 bit parallel processors and 1.5Gb hard disk; Extremely short straight line electrical machinery sampling time. B. Speed and acceleration feed-forward control (Feed forward control); Digital actuation system crawling control (Jerk control). C. Advanced inserts makes up the method (to insert based on the NURBS transect makes up), by obtains the good surface quality, the precise size and the high geometry precision. D. Pretreatment (Look-ahead) function. The request has the large capacity cushion register, may read in advance and inspects many segments (for example the DMG engine bed to be possible to reach 500 segments, the Simens system may reach a 1000~2000 segment), in order to when is processed the superficial shape (curvature) changes may promptly adopt changes for measure and so on speed by avoids cutting and so on. E. The error compensatory function, including because the straight line electrical machinery, the main axle and so on gives off heat the hot error which causes to compensate, the quadrantal error compensates, the measurement system error compensates and so on the function. In addition, the mold high-speed cutting processing very is also high to the data transmission speed request. F. The traditional data connection, like the RS232 serial mouth transmission speed is 19.2kb, but many advanced processings centers have used the ether local area network (Ethernet) to carry on the data transmission, the speed may reach 200kb. 5. Cooling lubrication The high speed processing uses the belt coating the hard alloy tools, in high speed, the high temperature situation does not need the cutting compound, the cutting efficiency to be higher. This is because: The milling main axle high speed revolves, the cutting compound if achieved the cutting area, first must overcome the enormous centrifugal force; Even if it overcame the centrifugal force to enter the cutting area, also was possible as a result of the cutting area high temperature but to evaporate immediately, the cooling effect very small did not even have; At the same time the cutting compound can cause the cutting tool edge of a sword the temperature intense change, is easy to cause the crack the production, therefore must pick the oil used/Gas cooling lubrication dry type cutting way. This way may use the compressed gas rapidly the cutting which the cutting area produces, thus the massive cuttings hotly will carry off, at the same time might forms extremely thin microscopic protective film after the atomization lubricating oil in the cutting tool edge of a sword and the work piece surface, but effectively will lengthen the cutting tool life and enhances the components the surface quality. Third, high-speed cutting processing cutting tool The cutting tool is in the high-speed cutting processing one of most active important factors, it is affecting the processing efficiency, the production cost and the product processing precision directly. The cutting tool must withstand load and so on high temperature, high pressure, friction, impact and vibration in the high speed processing process, the high-speed cutting cutting tool should have the good machine capability and the thermostability, namely has the good anti- impact, the wearability and resists heat the weary characteristic. The high-speed cutting processing cutting tool technological development speed is very quick, application many like diamonds (PCD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), ceramic cutting tool, coating hard alloy, (carbon) titanium nitrides hard alloy TIC (N) and so on. In the processing cast iron and in the alloy steel cutting tool, the hard alloy is the most commonly used cutting tool material. Hard alloy tools resistance to wear good, but the solidity ratio cube boron nitride and the ceramics are low. In order to enhance degree of hardness and the superficially attractive fineness, uses the cutting tool coating technology, the coating material for the titanium nitrides (TiN), the aluminium nitride titanium (TiALN) and so on. The coating technology causes the coating by the sole coating development for multilayered, the many kinds of coating material coating, has become one of enhancement high-speed cutting ability essential technical. The diameter in the 10~40mm scope, also has the carbon titanium nitrides coating the hard alloy bit to be able to process the Luo river degree of hardness to be smaller than 42 materials, but the titanium nitrides aluminum coating cutting tool can process the Luo river degree of hardness is 42 even higher materials. When high-speed cutting steel products, the cutting tool material should select the hot rigidity and the fatigue strength high P kind of hard alloy, the coating hard alloy, the cubic boron nitride (CBN) and the CBN compound cutting tool material (WBN) and so on. The cutting cast iron, should select the fine grain K kind of hard alloy to carry on the rough machining, selects the compound nitrided silicon ceramics or the crystal combination cube boron nitride (PCNB) the compound cutting tool carries on the precision work. When precise processing non-ferrous metal or nonmetallic material, should select crystal combination diamond PCD or the CVD diamond coating cutting tool. When choice cutting parameter, in view of the circular shear blade and a ball milling cutter, should pay attention to the effective diameter the concept. The high speed milling cutting tool should press the balance design manufacture. The cutting tool front angle must be smaller than the conventional cutting tool front angle, the clearance angle is slightly big. The host vice- cutting edge attachment point should the cavetto or the lead angle, increases the vertex angle, prevents the knife point place hot attrition. Should enlarge nearby the knife point the cutting edge length and the cutting tool material volume, enhances the cutting tool rigidity. Is safe in the guarantee and satisfies the processing request under the condition, the cutting tool hangs extends as far as possible short, cutter body central toughness is friends with. The hilt must be sturdier than the cutting tool diameter, connects the handle to assume but actually the pyramidal, by increases its rigidity. As far as possible central the refrigerant hole in the cutting tool and the cutting tool system. A ball end mill must consider effectively cuts the length, the cutting edge must be as far as possible short, two spiral grooves balls end mill usually uses in the thick mill complex curved surface, four spiral grooves balls end mill usually uses in the fine mill complex curved surface. Fourth, mold high speed processing craft The high speed processing including take removes the remainder as the goal rough machining, the residual rough machining, as well as take gains the high grade processing surface and the slight structure as the goal half precision work, the precision work and the mirror surface processing and so on. 1. Rough machining The mold rough machining essential target is pursues in the unit time material removing rate, and is half precision work preparation work piece geometry outline. In the high speed processing rough machining should adopt the craft plan is the high cutting speed, Gao Jin giving rate and the small cutting specifications combination. The contour processing way is one processing way which the multitudinous CAM software uses generally. Using is spiral contour and so on the Z axis contour two ways which are many, also is in processes the region only time to feed, in does not lift the knife in the situation to produce continuously the smooth cutting tool way, enters, draws back the knife way to use the circular arc to cut into, to cut. The spiral contour way characteristic is, has not waited the high level between the knife road migration, may avoid frequently lifting the knife, feeding to the components surface quality influence and mechanical device nonessential consuming. To is steep and the flat site processes separately, the computation suits contour and suits the use similar 3D bias the region, and may use the spiral way, in very little lifts the cutting tool way which the knife in the situation produces optimizes, obtains the better surface quality. In the high speed processing, certainly must adopt the circular arc to cut into, to cut the connection way, as well as the circular arc transition, avoids changing the cutting tool to enter suddenly for the direction, the prohibition use direct under knife connection way, avoids burying the cutting tool the work piece. When processes the mold cavity, should avoid the cutting tool vertical insertion work piece under, but should use inclines the knife way (commonly used angle of bank for 20°~30°), best uses the screw type under knife by to reduce the cutting tool load. When processes the mold core, should under the knife then level cut into the work piece as far as possible first from the work piece. The cutting tool cuts into, cuts when the work piece should use as far as possible inclines the type (or round arc-type) cuts into, cuts, vertically avoids cutting into, cutting. Uses climbs up the type cutting to be possible to reduce the cutting heat, reduces the cutting tool stress and the work hardening degree, improves the processing quality. 2. Half precision work The mold half precision work essential target is causes the work piece outline shape smoothly, surface finish remainder even, this especially is important regarding the tool steel mold, because it will affect time the precision work cutting tool layer of cutting area change and cutting tool load change, thus influence cutting process stability and precision work surface quality. The rough machining is based on the volume model, the precision work then is based on the face mold. Before develops CAD/The CAM system to the components geometry description is not continual, after because has not described in front of the rough machining, the precision work processes the model the average information, therefore the rough machining surface surplus processing remainder distribution and the great surplus processing remainder is unknown. Therefore should fifty-fifty the precision work strategy carry on the optimization after to guarantee half precision work the work piece surface has the even surplus processing remainder. The optimized process includes: After the rough machining the outline computation, the great surplus processing remainder computation, the biggest permission processing