高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars課件 新人教版必修3.ppt

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走向高考英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū))高考總復(fù)習(xí),Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars,必修三,第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦,1．orbitn．軌道2．a(chǎn)stronautn．航天員3．phenomenonn．現(xiàn)象4．technologyn．技術(shù)5．a(chǎn)stronomyn．天文學(xué)6．spacewalkn．太空行走7．explorevt.探險(xiǎn)；考察8．launchvt.發(fā)射9．a(chǎn)dvancedadj.先進(jìn)的,10．solaractivity太陽活動(dòng)11．launchasatellite發(fā)射衛(wèi)星12．mannedspaceship/spacecraft載人飛船13．playanimportantpartin在……中起重要作用14．a(chǎn)spacetravel太空之旅15．a(chǎn)blackhole黑洞,(2013廣東)你接受了一項(xiàng)寫作任務(wù)，要為英語校報(bào)寫一篇時(shí)事快訊。[寫作內(nèi)容]請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下信息，寫一篇關(guān)于移民火星的快訊。志愿者的選拔：到2015年，在全球選出約30名去火星的志愿者。志愿者的條件：至少18歲；做好不回地球的準(zhǔn)備；愿與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。,專家觀點(diǎn)：火星生活條件太艱苦；面臨嚴(yán)寒氣候、孤獨(dú)和恐懼。志愿者觀點(diǎn)：厭倦地球生活，想體驗(yàn)火星生活；如果成功，就是人類英雄。*火星：theMars[寫作要求]只能用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章連貫。,[選拔范圍、目的地]①AboutthirtyvolunteerswillbechosenallovertheworldandbesenttotheMarsin2015.[志愿者的條件]②Thosevolunteers,whomustbewillingtogetalongwellwithothers,shouldbeatleast18andbepreparedforthechancethathe/shewontreturntotheearth.[專家觀點(diǎn)]③ExpertsthinkthatitistoughforhumanbeingstoliveontheMars,becausetheywillfacethebittercoldweather,lonelinessandfear.[志愿者的觀點(diǎn)]④However,somevolunteerssaythattheyaretiredofthelifeontheearth，andwanttoexperiencethenewlifeontheMars.Theyalsothinkthatiftheysucceed，theywillbeheroesofthehuman.,Ⅰ.完成句子1．我說服他不做這樣危險(xiǎn)的太空之旅。Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousspacetravel.2．我們通常用來描述科學(xué)現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)有術(shù)語在這里不夠用。Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.,3．天文學(xué)家和科學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞是一種空間區(qū)，物質(zhì)可以掉進(jìn)黑洞，但沒有什么物質(zhì)能從黑洞中逃脫。Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.4．由于有非常先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，人們也許能在將來利用黑洞的能量為人類服務(wù)。Veryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.,Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．把①句改為簡(jiǎn)單句(第一分句改為不定式作定語)。AboutthirtyvolunteerstobechosenallovertheworldwillbesenttotheMarsin2015.2．把②句中的定語從句改為形容詞作后置定語。Thosevolunteers,willingtogetalongwellwithothers，shouldbeatleast18andbepreparedforthechancethathe/shewontreturntotheearth.,3．強(qiáng)調(diào)③句中的畫線部分。Itisbecausetheywillfacethebittercoldweather,lonelinessandfearthatexpertsthinkthatitistoughforhumanbeingstoliveontheMars.4．用句型Thereasonwhy...isthat...改寫句④中的畫線部分。ThereasonwhytheywanttoexperiencethenewlifeontheMarsisthattheyaretiredofthelifeontheearth.,Ⅰ.單詞速記A．識(shí)記單詞1．________(n.)系統(tǒng)；體系；制度2．________(n.)學(xué)說；理論3．________(n.)大氣層；氣氛4．________(adv.)因此；于是5．________(n.wassointerestingthat2．madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop；makeitpossibleforustolearn3．twiceasfarasontheearth;twiceasmanymachinesin2015aslastyear4．nowthatgravityhaschanged;Nowthatitbenefitsussomuch,Ⅳ.課文縮寫語法填空The__1__(explode)oftheearthproducedwatervapour，whichturnedintowaterwhentheearth__2__(cool)down.Waterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.Thatmade__3__possibleforlifetobegintodevelop.The__4__(arrive)ofsmallplantsencouragedthe__5__(develop)ofearlyshellfishandall__6__offish.Manymillionsofyears__7__(late)thefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Laterlandanimalsappeared.,Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians，__8__(be)abletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Finally,somesmallcleveranimalsappearedandspreadallovertheearth.Buttheytreattheplanetinan__9__(friend)way，andtheearthbecomestoo__10__(pollute)．答案：1.explosion2.cooled3.it4.arrival5.development6．sorts7.later8.were9.unfriendly10.polluted,1．existvi.存在；生存[教材原句]Theylaideggsandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.(P26)它們也生蛋，在地球上存在了14000多萬年。,[方法規(guī)律]exist永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，existon和liveon同義，existin和liein同義。①Theycant________________themoneyhesearning.他們靠他掙的那點(diǎn)錢無法維持生活。②________________hugeanimalsontheearthalongtimeago.很久以前地球上存在著體形龐大的動(dòng)物。③Ithasbeen________________formorethan500years.它已經(jīng)存在500多年了。,④Nowadays,therearestillmanypeoplewonderingwhentheearth________________________.現(xiàn)在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何時(shí)產(chǎn)生的。答案：①existon②Thereexisted③inexistence④cameintoexistence,2．puzzlevt.使迷惑；使為難；使窘困；感到迷惑n．(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎[教材原句]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)地球生命如何起源是科學(xué)家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。,①The________lookonherfacesuggestedshedidntunderstandwhatIsaid.她臉上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我說的話。②Buthiscuriositywasdifficulttocontrolandthisnewcomputerreally________him.但是他的好奇心難以控制，這臺(tái)新電腦也確實(shí)使他費(fèi)解。③Im________________________astowhattodonext.對(duì)于下一步該做什么我不知道。④Isawhim________________a________mathproblem.我看見他正在苦苦思考一道令人不解的數(shù)學(xué)題。答案：①puzzled②puzzled③inapuzzle④puzzlingover/about；puzzling,3．pulln.one________________________.不要一起背誦，一次一個(gè)。⑥_____________________willsmokingbepermittedhere.這里絕不允許吸煙。答案：①及時(shí)②遲早③終于④intime⑤atatime⑥Atnotime,2．prevent...from...阻止；制止[方法規(guī)律](1)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。(2)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里，這三個(gè)搭配中的from均不可省略。,①Theheavyrain________________________________onwithourwork.大雨阻止了我們繼續(xù)工作。②Apossiblewar________finally________________breakingoutwiththeireffort.一場(chǎng)可能的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最終由于他們的努力而避免了。③Thefarmers_______wheat________heavyrainwithrainclothes.農(nóng)民們用雨布遮住小麥以防被大雨澆壞。答案：①prevented/stopped/keptusfromgoing②was；prevented/stopped/keptfrom③protect；from,3．cheerup感到高興；感到振奮①GiveMaryacall;sheneeds________________.給瑪麗打個(gè)電話，她需要人安慰。②WhenImfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystories________________________________.當(dāng)我感到憂傷時(shí)，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。,③Whatwehaddonewasto________ourteam________.我們所做的一切都是為了給我們的隊(duì)加油。④Cheers,_myfriends.干杯，朋友們。答案：①cheeringup②tocheermeup③cheer；on,4．nowthat既然①既然你已經(jīng)決定去做，那么你就應(yīng)該把它做好。______________________，youshoulddoitwell.②既然這些問題已經(jīng)解決，讓我們進(jìn)入下一個(gè)吧。______________________，letscometothenext.[方法規(guī)律]nowthat相當(dāng)于since，是連詞詞組，用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，口語中經(jīng)常省略that，只用now，這時(shí)now已經(jīng)失去了“現(xiàn)在”的含義。答案：①Nowthatyouhavedecidedtodoit②Nowthattheproblemshavebeensettled/solved,5．breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，火災(zāi)，疾病)突發(fā)；爆發(fā),①ThecivilwarinSyria________________ayearagoanditstillcontinues.敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)一年前爆發(fā)了，現(xiàn)在仍在持續(xù)。②Weshould________________________oldconceptsandrespectthepeoplespioneeringspirit.我們既要沖破舊的思想禁錮又要尊重群眾的首創(chuàng)精神。③Thepeacetalks________________withoutanyagreementreached.和談失敗了，沒有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。答案：①brokeout②breakawayfrom③brokedown,6．watchout(for)留神；密切注意，留意；小心(某物)，提防,①________________________amaninablackhat.注意一個(gè)戴黑帽子的男人。②Thedog________________hismastershousewhilethemasterwasaway.主人不在時(shí)這條狗為它的主人看家。答案：①Watchoutfor②watchesover,1．make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語[教材原句]Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(P32)這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。,[句式分析]句中it為形式賓語，真正賓語為todevelop，forlife是不定式的邏輯主語。①M(fèi)asteringthetechnology________________________theInternetmoreeffectively.精通這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可能會(huì)讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。②Spaceships____________________tothemoon.宇宙飛船使去月球旅行成為可能。,③Duringthisweek,__________________tojogeveryday.在這一周當(dāng)中一定要養(yǎng)成天天進(jìn)行慢跑的習(xí)慣。④Ihavediscoveredthatit__________________.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那讓他們感到高興。,⑤Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecould___________.老師提高了嗓音以便于被別人聽到。答案：①makesitpossibleforustouse②makeitpossibletotravel③makeitarule④makesthemhappy⑤makehimselfheard,2．倍數(shù)的表達(dá)句式[教材原句]ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(P31)而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。[句式分析]句中twiceasfaras是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一，在句中作比較狀語。[名師點(diǎn)撥]兩倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分?jǐn)?shù)表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times來表示。,[方法規(guī)律]倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式①“A＋倍數(shù)＋形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(長(zhǎng)、高、寬等)多少倍”。②“A＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。③“A＋倍數(shù)＋thesize/height/length/width，depth.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。④A＋倍數(shù)＋what從句,①Thistableis____________________thatone.＝Thistableis____________________thatone.＝Thistableis____________________thatone.這張桌子是那張的3倍大。②Theyhave__________________cows________wehave.他們的牛是我們的三倍。③Thenewlybuiltmuseumis______________________.這座新建的博物館是原來的3倍大。答案：①twicebiggerthan；3timesasbigas；3timesthesizeof②threetimesasmany；as③threetimeswhatitwas,主語從句1．________heconsideredagreatproposalwasturneddownbythebossatthemeeting.答案：What考查主語從句。句意：他認(rèn)為很好的一個(gè)提議在會(huì)議上被老板否定了?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作賓語，不指人，故填what。2．________isknowntoallisthattheDiaoyuIslandshavebelongedtoChinasinceancienttimes.答案：What考查名詞性從句。句意：釣魚島自古就屬于中國(guó)，這是大家都知道的。what引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，并在主語從句中作主語。,3．—WhathasmadeJohnlooklikelackingsleep?—________hehadtoprepareforthecomingexamandstayeduplastnight.答案：That考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，答語是回答上面句子中的主語“What”的，故此句是一個(gè)主語從句，缺少引導(dǎo)詞，而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，故用“That”。,4．Itremainstobeseen________thisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.答案：whether考查主語從句。句意：這個(gè)計(jì)劃是否足夠?qū)嵱茫允惯@個(gè)項(xiàng)目繼續(xù)下去還有待觀察。it是形式主語，真正的主語是whether引導(dǎo)的從句。whether“是否”，符合句意。5．Itmakeshislifequitedifferent________hehasreceivedhighereducationabroad.答案：that考查主語從句。本句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是“thathehasreceivedhighereducationabroad”。,1．(2014山東改編)Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.答案：it本題考查代詞的運(yùn)用。句意：蘇珊清楚地跟我表明她希望為自己創(chuàng)造新的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，該句中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，而且根據(jù)語境可知，that從句的內(nèi)容就是蘇珊向我表明的事情，所以后置的that從句實(shí)際上是made的真正賓語，故用形式賓語it指代that從句。,2．(2013陜西改編)Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill________time.答案：in句意：經(jīng)理想要看到公司的改變，我確信他遲早會(huì)看到的。intime“及時(shí)；最后，遲早”，符合題意。3．(2013陜西改編)Itremainstobeseen______thenewlyformedcommitteespolicycanbeputintopractice.答案：whether本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委員會(huì)政策能否付諸實(shí)踐。It在此為形式主語，故seen后為真正的主語從句，又由remainstobeseen可知存在不確定的意思，所以用whether是否。,4．Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksina________(friend)atmosphere.答案：friendly句意：兩國(guó)高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在友好的氛圍(atmosphere)中進(jìn)行談判。5．(2012江蘇改編)—ThankGodyouresafe!—Isteppedback,justintime________(avoid)theracingcar.答案：toavoid答語句意：我退后了一步，正好避開了奔跑的汽車。intimetodosth.“正趕上做某事”。,6．(2013安徽改編)Itssaidthatthepowerplantisnow________twicelargeaswhatitwas.答案：as本題考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法。句意：據(jù)說這個(gè)發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是過去的兩倍大?！氨稊?shù)＋as...as”是倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法，意為“是……的幾倍”，其中as...as之間要用原級(jí)。,