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邵陽學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
The reasonable of the bridge type derrick chooses to use
Peking rises heavy conveyance machine
graduate school Xu lei
Abstract : Rationally selecting cranes are essential to efficiently using them. This paper presents the principles and methods for selection of overhead travelling cranes , including the selection of basic parameters , construction types and operating conditions
Key words : Overhead travelling crane Selection Principle Method
Along with modern industrial and quick develop to extend with the production scale, the material transports the expenses is more and more high in the comparison in the production cost.Therefore how right choose to use the derrick reasonably, to increase rate of production, develop the valid function of the derrick well, satisfy the usage requests, lowering the usage cost, increasing economic performance, insure the movement the safety to all have the very important meaning.
1 The choice of the basic parameter
The main function in derrick in token in basic parameter characteristic of the derrick with homework ability, is a basic basis that derrick exactitude choose to use.The basic parameter of the bridge type derrick includes to rise weight, rises to go up a Class and work speed with across an etc..
1.1 Rise weight
Allows to rises once when derrick is normal to work the biggest quantity that mourn call the sum settles to rise weight.Mourn the sum that hook the derrick settles to rise the weight does not include to mourn the hook with move pulley set of self-respect.Grasp the cape to account into with the quantity that electromagnetism sucker wait to take the thing the device the sum settles to rise weight inside.Press standard to rule, the bridge type derrick rises what weight series adopt is a R10 to have the initiative the few department, starting from the 312 ts, pressing 1125 ratios pass to increase to 4,5,613,8,10,1215,16,20,25,32,40,50 t.But the current local bridge type derrick product just is tradition according to the production of many years, win election from the above few row a the part constitutes to rises physically weight series.The most in common use series is 5 ts,10 ts,16 ts,20 ts,32 ts with 50 ts.Usually, be to rise weight over 10 t the hour establishes two rises to rise the organization, then the lord rises to rise the organization with vice- Rises to rise the organization, two rise the ratio of the weight roughly 1 ∶ 4.The lord rises to rise the organization rises the weight is big, rises to mourn heavy goods in order to; vice- rises to rise the organization rises the weight is small, but speed than quick, rises to hang lighter goods or make to lend support to the sex work in order to, to increase the work efficiency.
General at the request of mays meet biggest to rises to mourn the heavy thing to make sure to rise with the derrick weight, consider at the same time the term or craft process that turn carry the work of.The derrick disallows to overload the usage, the so that is rises to mourn the thing to usually take place the situation of the variety, the derrick should consider the certain amount of .Under some circumstances, occasionally needs to mourn to carry excess article, can use two pedestal derricks be in conjunction with the homework.Fix in the craft process, rises to mourn the thing weight basic constant, derrick the circumstance that basic capacity load use next, can cancel the vice- rising rise the organization, toing simplify the construction of the derrick, declining low cost.The big tonnage bridge type derrick of the abroad too and is not all take what vice- rising rise the organization, but choose to pack according to the demand.
1.2 Rises to rise the high degree
Rises to go up a the distance of lead for ising to points from ground to taking the thing equips the tallest rising rises the position.If take the thing equip to need the whereabouts goes to ground below homework, from ground to take the thing the device the lowest descending put the distance of lead of the position calls the bottom puts the depth.At this time the gross rises to go up a the degree is a ground to rises to go up above a the degree puts the depth it down below with the ground with.Rise the choice that rise press homework request highly but settle.The in general use bridge type rises
The heavy machine will rise to go up generally the degree limits in the 20 ms including.Because over a boundary for then wanting in rises to rise the organization special steel wire in adoption rope involution method or enlarging a size, making rising heavy small car arranging appearing difficulty, and enlarging derrick size.Request to the car homework that pack the derrick, in made sure rose went up first degree, should still consider to go together with to belong to of hanged high degree that had with the vehicle, then guarantee derrick can pack the biggest and high product into the car.The ships that used for the derrick pack to unload and should consider the influence that tidewater rise falls.
1.3 Work Class
The place that bridge type derrick install is similar to the term difference of the usage is very big, rose the exploitation degree of the heavy ability with worked the frequency is each not.Use the derrick reasonably for the sake of the economy, need to choose the fit work Class according to the work term of the derrick.The work Class of the bridge type derrick is divided into the A1 ～ A8 totally 8 classeseseseses, can according to the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the the appearance of carries the the the carries the carries, namely according to the busy degree in usage of the derrick with load down the degree pass calculation is certain.
The derrick counts circularly in the period in valid life span total work having certainly.A work circulation of the derrick homework is from prepares to rise to mourn the product start, arriving a whole homework for rises to mourn the product process.The work circulates to amount the exploitation degree of the token derrick.For easy to compute, will work the circulation amount to be divided into 10 exploitations grade within the scope of its possible, seeing the table 1.
The load appearance enunciation derrick that carry the importance degree suffers to carry.Carrying the appearance of load has something to do with two factors: A function for is physically rising rising carrying load Qi and sum settling carrying load Qmax it ratio, another is physically rising rising carrying load Qi number of times Ni circulates with work the ratio that amount the N.The name carries the coefficient of load is divided into 4 classeseses, see the table 2, the derrick carries load coefficient KQ can press type calculation:
Table 1 the exploitation grade of the derrick
Make use of the grade
Working the circulation amounts
Usage circumstance
U0
1.6 ×104
Don't usually use
U1
3.2 ×104
U2
6.3 ×104
U3
1.25 ×105
U4
2.5 ×105
Usually light free usage
U5
5 ×105
Usually break to use continuously
U6
1 ×106
Not usually busy usage
U7
2 ×106
Busy usage
U8
4 ×106
U9
> 4 ×106
According to KQ that compute the income, the name that can check from the table a carries the coefficient of load .
Table 2 derrick names carry the coefficient of load.
Carry the appearance of load
The name carries the load coefficient KQ
Make use the feeling circumstance
The Q1 — is light
01125
Seldom rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load ,
Rises to hang the light carrying the load generally
Q2 — inside
0125
Sometimes rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load,
Rises to mourn generally inside etc. Carry the load
The Q3 — is heavy
015
Usually rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load,
Rises to hang the more heavy carrying the load generally
Q4 — with heavy
110
It is multifarious to rises to hang the sum settles to carry the load
Made sure the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the load appearance hereafter, can press table 3 the work Class of certain derricks.
Table 3 derrick work Class
Carry the load
Appearance
The name carries the load coefficient KQ
Make use of the grade
U0
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
U6
U7
U8
U9
The Q1 — is light
01125
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Q2 — inside
0125
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
The Q3 — is heavy
015
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
Q4 — with heavy
110
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
The in common use work in derrick in type in bridge Class also can according to the table 4 choose
Table 4 bridge type derrick work Classes choose to use the for instance
Derrick use
Work term
Work Class
The electricity stands, the car drives to rise with the manpower machine
Light free in usage
A1
The electricity stands to use the derrick
Light free in usage
A1 ～ A3
Maintain to use the derrick
The usage is little, the usually light burthen uses
A1 ～ A3
Car and warehouses use the derrick
Usually break to use continuously
A3
Car and warehouses use the derrick
Busy usage
A4 ～ A5
The heavy work car uses the derrick
Heavy usage
A6
Goods field、Anticipate field Use the derrick
Grasp grap or electromagnetism sucker type, busy usages
A6
The metallurgy factory cast, clips the derrick of pincers
The usage is multifarious and load down the usage
A7
The metallurgy factory takes off tablet, add to anticipate the derrick
The usage is multifarious and heavy to carry the usage
A8
1.4 The work is flat-out
The work speed of the bridge type derrick includes to rise to rise the speed, the small car circulates the speed circulates the speed with big car.The flat-out choice in work is decided by various factors.Have something to do with rising weight first, inside, small rise the derrick of the weight choose to use the high speed to increase rate of production, big rise the derrick of the weight is proper to choose to use the low speed the since low driving the power, the steady that increase to circulate with safety.The work speed still is decided by the work Class to request with the usage, working the Class is high and usually use, request the high derrick in rate of production chooses to use the high speed; the work Class is low and used for the work organization eligibility that adjustment circulate uses the low speed; used for only the equipments install to is in addition to choosing to use the low speed with the derrick that maintain, can also according to demand, adopt double soon( quick, slow soon), tiny soon or adjust soon.The adoption changes the frequence adjust to can be made soon work speed at 1 ∶ a regulates arbitrarily.Work the speed return to have something to do with the service space size of the derrick, circulating the road grow, rises to go up a big and proper choose to use the high speed.When the derrick circulates the road shorter, the not proper adoption is super-speed, the in order to prevent dids not start to complete and then start the system moves.But along with modern industrial development, do large quantity turn the derrick that carry the work to adopt gradually the super-speed a derrick for, installing maintaining using large quantity adoption adjusts soon.To the derrick of the some special function, if used for the derrick of the work a fire homework, should have the fleetness descent device; big rises to rise the high derrick in addition to should appropriately increasing rises to rise speed, it is also heavy to carry to adopt the low speed and get empty to carry the adoption high speed, or adopt the measure acquire the higher descent the speed, with increase rate of production.
1.5 Across degree
The level distance of the big car in derrick in type in bridge movement orbit center line calls to across degree.The derrick acrosses a width for being decided by the service space primarily, useding for the derrick in the factory premises across a width for being decided by the building.For making across a degree the parameter series turns, bridge type derrick of in common use across the degree is each to a the class, the concrete number sees the table 5.Rise weight a derrick for below to should each factory premises across a hoist for having the two kinds of acrossing a value, in the factory premises above beam to stay the circumstance of the safe passage up to use the small value down.Such as at there is an on same orbit above of derrick, also there is a derrick for below, the derrick acrosses a rises for by the an above heavy machine chooses ?When same across the inside has two layer derrick, the number inside the watch is applicable to the upper level derrick only, the bottom layer derrick acrosses a value in response to for integral times of the 015 ms.When across the degree not agree with to match the form inside a row number hour belong to the special design derrick generally.
Table 5 bridge type derricks across a series
The factory premises acrosses degree
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
The derrick acrosses degree
Rise weight
3The 50 ts of ～
7.5
10.5
13.5
16.5
19.5
22.5
25.5
28.5
31.5
—
7
10
13
16
19
22
25
28
31
—
Rise weight
80-250
—
—
—
16
19
22
25
28
31
34
2 The choice of the structure form
Fit bridge in choice, rise heavy small car, manipulate the way with take the thing equips the etc., can make bridge type derrick under every kind of particular gearing size with the homework method satisfied the usage the request betterly.
2.1 Bridge
The bridge is a metals construction loading corpus.The bridge of the bridge type derrick contain single beam bridge with 2 typeses: a beam bridge, from a root or two main beams with locate to across an one for each of both sides carry the beam constitutes.While rising the weight a circumstance for below, work Class lowerly, acrossing aly smallerly, circulating the speed request to be not high, the derrick is not multifarious to use, the general eligibility uses single beam bridge.This kind of single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise the organization, for this reason construction tightly packed, self-respect and light, the price is too lower.Under the other circumstance the eligibility chooses a beam bridge, the stability likes, suffering the dint term like, circulating the function too better.
For satisfying the structural request in building in particular factory premises, the form of the bridge can adopt the homologous variety.General circumstance next, main beam with carry the way that beam adopt level conjunction, manufacturing simple, adjust convenience, see figure 1 a.Sometimes the factory premises constructs the construction already certain, for satisfying to rise weight with rises to go up a request, while rising the extremely high circumstance in heavy small car, can adopt the main beam descend the cave form, seeing figure 1 b.Sometimes for the sake of high degree that lower the factory premises hoist beam, alleviate to the best the factory premises construct the construction weight, canning adopt the main beam with carry the beam do not wait the high conjunction method, seeing figure a 1 d.
2.2 Rise heavy small car
Figure 1 main beam with conjunction method that carry the beam
Rise heavy small vehicle-use come to realizes the rise and fall that rises mourn the thing with along bridge a work for of movement, its function directly affecting whole pedestal derrick function.On the general adoption in derrick in type in bridge in a beam the place type rises heavy small car, loading the ability is big, circulating steady, but the shape size is big.This kind of rises the heavy small car top arranges the electric motor and decelerate generally the machine, book constitutes of rising and rising organization.For lowering the building the high degree, the alleviation holds with dignity, simplifying the construction, canning adopt the electricity move bottle gourd the conduct and actions rises to rise the organization.The electricity moves whole machine of the bottle gourd bridge type derrick hold with dignity to lighter than the former 30% or so, the more suitable for factory premises construct to the high degree and a circumstance for pressing limit settling, now abroad already large quantity uses.
The single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise to circulate the organization with the small car, and hang the lower part in single beam.This kind of construction is more agile, self-respect and lighter.But the bottle gourd descends to place and would affect to rise to go up degree.
Sometimes construct the high degree in the factory premises low, but want again to increases to rise to rise possibly the high circumstance descend, the eligibility uses the low building high degree gives or get an electric shock to move the single beam in bottle gourd derrick.This kind of derrick moves the bottle gourd to the electricity to settle the flank in single beam, attaining the increment rises to rise the high purpose.This kind of derrick need to be taken extreme measure, moving to the hang type electricity the bottle gourd need the increment goes together with the heavy toing hold the balance, but also increased to hold with dignity; small car in another adoption side hang type, also can make use of the space effectively, but the small car construction sophisticates, will return to the main beam the affixture a twists the T .
2.3 Manipulate the way
Adopting rises weight big, work Class high, circulate flat-out and quick derrick, very much the driver room manipulates the way, toing insure the movement the safety.The driver room usually all fixs in bridge a side of.If the derrick acrosses a very big, under the situation of rises to mourn the homework complicacy, can choose to use the driver room with rise form that heavy small car exercise together.Sometimes return the eligibility use the driver room can is ambulatory along the main beam as one's pleases of form, operate more convenient.
Circulate the speed in the derrick slow, the route of travel is short, the work is not busy, and request the driver to hang, take off the circumstance of the hook directly; in the factory premises low and short or the ground equipments is high, can't install the circumstance of the driver room; have the harmful air in the factory premises upper part, can't can adopt under the situation of derrick ascending manipulating the ground manipulate.The ground manipulates the movement speed of the derrick generally not over 45 ms/ min.The ground manipulates the hand electricity door is fixed, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves with the small car, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves a few methods as one's pleases, can choose to use according to the demand.Because the adoption ground manipulates have the electric cable connect with each other, operating must follow behind the derrick exercises, therefore can also adopt the lead-in control from a distance to manipulate the way, including red and outside light or wirelesses control from a distance, making derrick manipulated more vivid convenient.This kind of manipulate the way to have got the extensive adoption abroad.
2.4 Taking the thing equips
The choice takes the thing device fitly, producing to the safety with increases to produce the efficiency have the important meaning.Because the bridge type derrick packs the object category that unload the product numerous, have results to show a piece, spread a grain with the etc. of the liquid, their physics function with several why each of shape is characteristic.Pack to unload the work for the sake of orientation various product, take in common usely the thing equip to mourn the hook, grasp the cape , electromagnetism sucker, ring and tie to have, clip the pincers , vacuum sucker and anticipate the cape , prosperou