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附錄A
A brand of a particular model of move
Or machines, in different places Side, at different times, more than once There have been entrusted to the side under the arm of a sudden Slip off, causing people, vehicles of the two injured Accident. After the lifting of the failure Machine testing, analysis, and found the existence of Design flaws. It is a mechanical lifting Machine, the drive screw nut from The main drive nut care arm movement Taking off and landing vehicle. In addition to cutting off power Motive power to stop drive screw Automotive Lift Fly Peach Failure Analysis I Nantong Products Quality Supervision and Inspection and the Lei Zou Shields can be observed. In order to effectively To protect the security, automotive lift Should stop the browser and the backstop. From The Brand Lift of the occurrence of several Lapsed since the incident, the principal, Vice-nut at the same time lead to wear and tear due to strong Decreases occurred in the thread root cut Letter, which of course, and materials selection, Manufacturing quality, the use of maintenance due to Su-relevant, but imagine if Is an independent work of the backstop , And even in the absence of Vice-nut, so that The possibility of a thing you Moment of downtime in order to achieve things, it does not work independently of the stop device and the backstop , And only made use of the role of self-locking screw to prevent the decline in our care arm Know that the conditions for self-locking thread is the thread friction angle or Chaetoceros. It's an But to protect the whole body is fitted with a nut in the bottom of the main vice of the so-called Nut, through institutions linked synchronous rotation with the main nut. There is no denying that when the Lord, Vice-nut There is a certain gap between the, if nut the main event of an accident, child care Vice-nut will be on the arm and not the accidents. However, the main, the Deputy nut As the gap between the main nut and gradually reduce the wear and tear, when reduced to a Certain extent, it must be replaced with new ones of the main nut, otherwise, continue to use When the owners go, the gap between the Deputy nut completely disappear, the Lord, is Vice-nut Quality has become one, and act as security devices has been gradually Vice nut Until all the nuts to replace the main workload. At this point if an accident such as Thread occur due to wear and cut the root, see the attached map, security protection devices can play It should be the role to be sure, if the timely replacement of the main nut, can be avoided Some accidents, but not all users have the professional knowledge and Lord, the gap between the Vice-nut is not clear at a glance from the outside can, it is necessary to disassemble Therefore, the use of cars to check whether the lift should be independent Work backstop safety protection device, if not, be sure to strengthen the Inspection and timely replacement of drive nut to avoid accidents. The manufacturers, but also Should be to improve the design and use of backstop, such as pallet rack style, convenient and practicalresults Yes. Changes in the scope of separation relatively fixed itinerary, when separated from a trip to meet a very Limits, we will feel separated from the heavy foot pedal fixed. Mainly due to spiral Spring has been pressed, the lever for the rigid separation of parts is not easy deformation, and the diaphragm clutch Separation, the diaphragm spring bearing ring rotating around the larger scope, there is no separation Limit structure, membrane separation shaped toe There is a certain variable, so diaphragm clutch Separation itinerary changes provide a scope of the right table. Separation does not trip Separation often exceeds the maximum trip, as it would increase the diaphragm spring dish Some changes in the amplitude of alternating stress, which is the alternating stress fatigue diaphragm spring break Split the direct cause of failure. Therefore, as long as the clutch feel, there is no need to artificially increase the Separation tour, which diaphragm clutch diaphragm spring is one of the most useful security Care. In order to facilitate the light of the above patch to play a greater effectiveness of the clutch must be To do regular checks of 2.1 to adjust the clutch to prevent the separation of space 2 Diaphragm clutch travel too large.
附錄C
汽車舉升機失效性分析
某一品牌某型號的舉升機，在不同的地方、不同的時間、不止一次的發(fā)生過單側托臂突然下落滑， 造成人、車兩傷的事故。經(jīng)過對失效的舉升機檢測、分析, 發(fā)現(xiàn)其存在設計上的缺陷。該機為機械式舉升機, 采用螺桿螺母傳動, 由主螺母帶動托臂運動實現(xiàn)
汽車升降的。除了切斷電動機的電源停止帶動螺桿汽車舉升飛桃失效分析口南通市產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗所鄒雷護罩才能觀察到。為有效地保障安全, 汽車舉升機應有停止器與逆止器。該品牌的舉升機發(fā)生的數(shù)起失效事故看, 都是主、副螺母同時因磨損導致強度降低發(fā)生了螺紋根切所致, 這固然與材料的選用、制造質(zhì)量、使用維護等因素有關, 但設想一下若是具有獨立工作的逆止器, 即使沒有副螺母, 這樣的事有可能發(fā)生嗎轉動以實現(xiàn)停機外, 該機并無獨立工作的停止器與逆止器, 只是利用了螺紋的自鎖作用來防止托臂下滑的本文知道, 螺紋自鎖的條件是螺紋的升角毛摩擦角。它的安全保護機構不過是了一只裝在主螺母下方的所謂的副螺母, 通過連動機構與主螺母同步轉動。不可否認, 當主、副螺母之間存在一定的間隙時, 若主螺母發(fā)生意外時, 托臂將落在副螺母上而不致于發(fā)生意外。但是, 主、副螺母之間的間隙隨著主螺母的磨損而逐漸減少, 當減少到一定程度時, 就必須更換新的主螺母, 不然的話, 繼續(xù)使用下去而當主、副螺母間的間隙完全消失時, 主、副螺母實質(zhì)上已成為一體了, 充當安全保護裝置的副螺母已逐漸直至全部接替了主螺母的工作負荷。此時若發(fā)生意外如螺紋因磨損而發(fā)生根切, 見附圖, 安全保護裝置能否起到應有的作用呢誠然, 若能及時更換主螺母, 可以避免一些事故的發(fā)生, 但使用者并非都具有專業(yè)知識, 而且主、副螺母之間的間隙并非從外面可以一目了然, 要拆開因此, 使用汽車舉升機時應檢查一下是否具有獨立工作的安全保護裝置逆止器, 如若沒有的話, 務必加強檢查, 及時更換傳動螺母, 以免發(fā)生意外。對廠家而言, 也
應改進設計, 采用逆止器如齒條棘爪式, 方便實用, 效果不錯。器分離行程變動范圍比較固定, 當分離行程達到某一極限值時, 會感覺到分離踏板沉重踩不動。主要是因為螺旋彈簧已壓緊, 分離杠桿為剛性件不易變形, 而膜片離合器分離時, 膜片彈簧繞支承環(huán)轉動范圍比較大, 也沒有分離限位結構, 膜片分離趾存在一定的形變量, 故膜片離合器
分離行程都規(guī)定了一個變動范圍見右表。分離行程不要經(jīng)常超過最大分離行程, 因為這會增大膜片彈簧碟形部分交變應力變動幅值，而交變應力是膜片彈簧疲勞斷裂失效直接原因。因此，只要感覺到離合器分離, 就沒有必要人為加大分離行程, 這對膜片離合器膜片彈簧是一種最有益的保護。綜上所述為便于膜片離合器發(fā)揮更大的效益, 必須做到兩點一經(jīng)常檢查調(diào)整離合器分離間隙二盡量防止膜片離合器分離行程過大。