2013年高考英語《Unit 4 Earthquakes》要點(diǎn)梳理+重點(diǎn)突破 新人教版必修1

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111 必修1　 Unit 4　Earthquakes 要 點(diǎn) 梳 理 高效梳理·知識(shí)備考 ●重點(diǎn)單詞 1．burst vi.爆裂；爆發(fā) n．突然破裂，爆發(fā) 2．event n．事件；大事 3．nation n．民族；國家；國民→national adj.國家的，民族的→nationality n．國籍 4．ruin n．廢墟；毀滅 vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn) 5．suffering n．苦難；痛苦→suffer v．受苦，遭受 6．extreme adj.極度的→extremely adv. 7．injure vt.損害；傷害→injured adj.受傷的→injury n．傷害，損害 8．destroy vt.破壞；毀壞；消滅 9．useless adj.無用的；無效的；無益的→useful(反義詞)→use v. & n．使用，利用 10．shock vt. & vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng) n．休克；打擊；震驚 11．rescue n. & vt.援救；營救 12．trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境 13．electricity n．電；電流；電學(xué)→electric adj.用電的；帶電的；發(fā)電的→electrical adj.與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的 14．disaster n．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍 15．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏 16．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處 17．damage n. & vt.損失；損害 18．frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening adj.令人恐懼的 19．judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgement n．判斷，判決 20．express vt.表示；表達(dá)n.快車；速遞→expression n．表達(dá)→expressive adj.有表現(xiàn)力的 ●重點(diǎn)短語 1．right away立刻 2．a(chǎn)t an end 結(jié)束 3．in ruins 成為廢墟 4．dig out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn) 5．a(chǎn)(great) number of 許多；大量的 6．give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等) 7．thousands of 成千上萬 8．think little of 不重視；不假思索 9．blow away 吹走；刮走 10．be proud of 以……而自豪 11．instead of 代替 12．be trapped in 陷入……之中 13．be known for/as 因?yàn)?作為……出名 14．bring in 引進(jìn)；引來 ●重點(diǎn)句型 1．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。 2．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！ 3．All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。 高考范文 (2009·湖南卷) 假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)新老師李紅，請(qǐng)給你的朋友張華寫一封信，告訴他你第一天上課的情況，主要內(nèi)容如下： 1． 描述一件課堂上令你印象深刻的事情； 2． 介紹你處理該事的方式； 3． 談?wù)勀愕母邢搿? 注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于120個(gè)； 2．可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮想象，增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．文中不得出現(xiàn)與本人及學(xué)校相關(guān)的任何真實(shí)信息。 _______________________________________ _____________________________________ [思路點(diǎn)撥] 本文需要考生發(fā)揮想象，適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容，寫作的自由空間比較大。文章應(yīng)包含以下要點(diǎn)： 1．描述一件課堂上令你印象深刻的事情； 2．介紹你處理該事的方式； 3．談?wù)勀愕母邢耄? 4．注意詞數(shù)是不少于120。 [范文] Dear Zhanghua， Long time no see! I miss you very much. Now I am so excited that I can't wait to share with you an unforgettable experience. I gave my first lesson today, which left me a deep impression. Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom, my students began to make more noise. I stood on the platform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. Then I realized something must be done. I asked the kids whether they liked English songs. After taking a deep breath, I sang a song I had practised many times. To my surprise, all the kids were concentrating on my class later on. How delighted I am now! Actually, whatever happens, we must stay calm first and then find a wise solution. Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hong 考 點(diǎn) 探 究 互動(dòng)探究·能力備考 Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關(guān) 1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆發(fā) n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā) burst out 迸發(fā)；突然發(fā)作；突然……起來 burst into 闖入；突然出現(xiàn)；突然……起來；突然發(fā)作 burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起來 burst out crying/singing/laughing 突然哭起來/唱起來/笑起來 burst in 闖入 burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/樂不可支 be bursting to do 渴望，急著要做(某事) at a(one) burst 一陣；一口氣；一舉；一下 a burst of anger 怒火的迸發(fā) [即學(xué)即練1]　(1)She burst out ______ for a while, and burst into ______ for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一會(huì)兒突然哭起來，一會(huì)兒又突然笑起來，這使我們一頭霧水。 (2)We all thought his heart would burst ______ ___________________. 我們都認(rèn)為他心中的快樂快要爆發(fā)出來了。 (3)The police ____________ and arrested the gang. 警察突然闖進(jìn)來逮捕了那幫人。 crying laughter with happiness burst in (4)Tom is bursting ____________ his mother. 湯姆急著要見他的媽媽。 (5)There was __________________ laughter in the next room.隔壁房間里突然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。 to see a burst of 2．ruin n. [U]毀壞；毀滅，崩潰[C](pl.) 廢墟，遺跡 v. (使)破產(chǎn)，(使)墮落，毀滅 in ruins 成為廢墟；破敗不堪 be the ruin of 成為……毀滅(墮落)的原因 come/fall to ruin 毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉 bring sb. to ruin 使某人失??；使傾家蕩產(chǎn) bring ruin upon oneself 自取滅亡 ruin oneself 自取滅亡 ruin one's health/fame 毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù) [即學(xué)即練2](1)Drink was his father's ______ and it will be the ______of him too. 酗酒是他父親失敗的原因，他也將遭同樣的厄運(yùn)。 (2)Years of fighting have left the area ___________. 多年的戰(zhàn)事已經(jīng)使得這個(gè)地區(qū)滿目瘡痍。 (3)A large number of churches __________________ after the revolution. 革命過后，許多教堂都?xì)Я恕? (4)The heavy rain __________________. 大雨把我們的假期徹底搞糟了。 (5)If you go on like this, you'll ____________. 如果你繼續(xù)這樣下去，你會(huì)自己毀了自己。 ruin ruin in ruins fell to ruin ruined our holiday ruin yourself 3．injure vt. 損害，傷害 injury n. 傷，傷口；傷害 injured adj. 受傷的，受委屈的 do an injury to sb.傷害某人 the injured傷員 an injured look/expression委屈的樣子/表情 injured pride/feelings受到傷害的自尊/情感 [即學(xué)即練3](1)The boy ______ his leg. 這個(gè)男孩把腿弄傷了。 (2)Your remark may ______ her pride. 你的話也許會(huì)傷她的自尊。 (3)I didn't mean to ______ her ____________. 我并未打算傷害她。 injured injure do an injury 4．shock n. [U；C]打擊；震驚；震動(dòng)；休克 vt. 使震驚，使驚愕 be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震驚 be shocked to do sth. 懼怕做某事 It shocked sb. to see/hear... 看見/聽到……使某人震驚。 (be) a shock to sb. 對(duì)某人來說是個(gè)打擊 [即學(xué)即練4]　(1)The news of his wife's death was ________________________ him. 他妻子去世的消息對(duì)他打擊太大了。 (2)He __________________ her smoking. 看到她在吸煙，他很吃驚。 (3)__________________ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到鄰居們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待孩子，我感到震驚。 a terrible shock to was shocked at It shocked me 提示：shocked adj. 感到驚奇的，驚訝的(主語多為人) shocking adj. 令人氣憤的，令人驚訝的(主語多為物) 5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏 bury oneself in study 埋頭研究 bury oneself in (doing) sth. 專心致力于(做)某事 be buried in thoughts 沉思 bury one's face in one's hands 雙手掩面 be buried alive 被活埋；隱居 [即學(xué)即練5]　(1)He was sitting with his head ______in a book.他坐著埋頭看書。 (2)He walked slowly, his hands ______ in his pockets. 他走得很慢，兩手插在衣袋里。 (3)After the divorce, she __________________ her work.離婚后，她埋頭于工作。 buried buried buried herself in 提示：表示“專心于，致力于”意義的短語還有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。 6．judge v. 斷定；判斷；判決 n. 裁判員；法官；評(píng)判員 judgement n. 判斷，審判，意見，判斷力 judging by/from 從……上看，根據(jù)……判斷 judge sb./sth. from/by... 從……來判斷 judge between right and wrong 判斷是非 as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為 in one's judgement 依某人看來，按某人的看法 [即學(xué)即練6]　(1)Don't ______ a book ______ its cover. 勿以貌取人。 (2)______________ his accent, he must be a southerner. 根據(jù)他的口音判斷，他一定是個(gè)南方人。 (3)He ________________________ the best actor of this year.他被評(píng)為今年的最佳男演員。 judge by Judging from/by Was judged to be 7．right away立刻，馬上 (1)表示“立刻，馬上”的短語 without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time /right off (2)比較right away/right now right away“立刻，馬上”，相當(dāng)于at once, in no time。 right now“立即，馬上；此時(shí)此刻”，后一意義比now 的語氣強(qiáng)，相當(dāng)于at this very moment。 [即學(xué)即練7]　(1)I want it to be sent ____________. 馬上把它發(fā)出去。 (2)He cleaned the room ____________. 他立即開始打掃房間。 (3)He’s not in the office ____________. 他現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。 right away right away right now 8．a(chǎn)t an end 終止；結(jié)束 bring...to an end (使)結(jié)束，終止 come to an end 結(jié)束，終止 at the end of 在……盡頭(末) by the end of 到……末為止(常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用) in the end 最后，終于(后不加 of短語) on end 一連，連續(xù) to the end 到底 without end 沒完沒了 make ends meet 收支相抵 [即學(xué)即練8]　(1)The year is __________________. 這一年已到年終了。 (2)The meeting ________________________. 會(huì)議結(jié)束了。 (3)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital ________________________ the road. 一直往前走，你會(huì)在這條路的盡頭找到這家醫(yī)院。 (4)They argued for two hours ____________. 他們一連辯論了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 at an end came to an end at the end of on end 9．a(chǎn) (great) number of 許多；大量的 a large/great/good number of a great/good many a good few quite a few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) many a more than one＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞 a great/good deal of a great/large amount of quite a little＋不可數(shù)名詞 a lot/lots of a great/large quantity of large quantities of plenty of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 或不可數(shù)名詞 [即學(xué)即練9]　(1)There ______ (be) a great number of books in the shelves. (2)The number of guests invited ______ (be) 50, but a number of them ______ (be) absent for the heavy rain. (3)Quantities of water ______ (be) polluted now. (4)A great deal of oil ______ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water. (5)Many a famous writer ______(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper. are was were are was is 提示：(1)a number of是“許多，大量”的意思，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 the number of 是“……的數(shù)目”的意思，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 (2)large quantities of ＋(pl.)/[U]做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 large amounts of＋[U] n．做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)句型詳解 1．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！ It seems (to sb.) that... (對(duì)某人來說)似乎…… ＝Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done... It seems as if/though... “似乎(好像)……”，可接虛擬語氣。 seem＋(to be)＋n./adj. 似乎是…… There seems to be... 好像有…… It seems so. (＝So it seems.) 似乎是那樣。 ①It seemed that he had known the truth.＝He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。 ②His father seems (to be) strict. 他父親似乎很嚴(yán)厲。 ③There seemed to be a voice in the distance. 似乎遠(yuǎn)處有人說話。 ④It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛剛剛發(fā)生一樣。 辨析：seem/look/appear (1)seem 暗含有一定的根據(jù)，往往是接近實(shí)際的判斷，后可接介詞、形容詞、不定式或從句。 (2)look 著重由視覺而得出的印象，可與 like連用，但不能與不定式連用?？山?as if從句，不接 that從句。 (3)appear 強(qiáng)調(diào)外表給人的印象，而且事實(shí)往往并非如此?？山?that從句，不接 as if從句。 [即境活用1]—What a noise! I can hardly stand it. —It ______ as if they are having a party next door. A．looks　　　　　　　　　 B．seems C．a(chǎn)ppears D．happens 解析：C、D項(xiàng)不接 as if從句。A項(xiàng)不合題意?？疾?It seems as if...句式。 答案：B 2．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。 too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可轉(zhuǎn)化為 not...enough to...和 so...that...。 The child is too young to dress himself. The child is not old enough to dress himself. The child is so young that he can't dress himself. 這孩子太小，不能夠自己穿衣。 提示：(1)當(dāng) too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious時(shí)，to 后的動(dòng)詞表示肯定。例如： The book is too easy to understand. 這本書太容易理解了。 He was too anxious to leave. 他急于離開。 (2)too...not to... 句式表示肯定意思。例如： He is too careful not to have noticed it. 他那么細(xì)心，不會(huì)不注意到這一點(diǎn)的。 (3)too...to...中 too前面用了否定詞(如 never)時(shí)，表示肯定。例如： It is never too late to mend. 改過不嫌晚。 (4)only too...to...表示肯定，其中 too后的形容詞多數(shù)是表示某種心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描繪性的形容詞，如 good, kind, true等。例如： The girl is only too kind to help us. 這姑娘非常樂于幫助我們。 [即境活用2]　Jim is a kind boy. He is ______willing to help his classmates. A．so B．such C．much D．too 解析：too＋glad/pleased/willing...to...表示肯定意義。如用A項(xiàng)應(yīng)改為 so...as to才對(duì)。 答案：D 3．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。 此句為部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定詞 not連用，構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。 ①All that glitters is not gold. 發(fā)光的并不一定都是金子。 ②Both of the brothers don't like the film. 兄弟倆不都喜歡這部電影。 ③Not everything went well with him. 他并非每件事情都順利。 ④Not all of the rich are happy. 不是所有有錢人都幸福。 ⑤The rich are not always happy. 有錢人并非總是幸福。 ⑥You can't fool all the people all the time. 你未必總是能愚弄所有的人。 拓展：全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing，以及 not...any/either來表示。 ①None of them are right. 他們都不對(duì)。 ②Neither of us will go. 我們倆都不去。 ③Nobody can win me. 沒人能贏我。 [即境活用3]　(1)—The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it? —No, but I don't believe ______could pass it. A．somebody B．a(chǎn)nybody C．everybody D．nobody 解析：not與 everybody 連用表示部分否定。 答案：C (2)(2008·全國Ⅰ)—Which of the two computer games did you prefer? —Actually I didn't like ______. A．both of them B．either of them C．none of them D．neither of them 解析：not... either＝neither 表示全部否定。 答案：B 易 錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考 1. ruin/destroy/damage (1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破壞嚴(yán)重，強(qiáng)調(diào)漸漸毀壞了，多指不屬于人為因素毀壞某事物，而是自然現(xiàn)象或客觀原因改變。有“(使)破產(chǎn)，(使)毀滅”等意思。 (2)destroy vt. 指徹底毀壞，以致不能修復(fù)，常作“破壞，毀滅”解，還有“打破(希望、計(jì)劃)”之意。 (3)damage n．&v. 表示使事物在價(jià)值、效用、外觀等方面受到毀壞、損害，即部分受損，程度比 destroy 輕。 [應(yīng)用1]　(1)The car was only slightly __________ in the accident. 這輛車在事故中只受到輕微的損壞。 (2)That will _________ the reputation of our products. 那會(huì)毀了我們產(chǎn)品的聲譽(yù)。 (3)The crops are nearly ______ by the continuous rain. 連續(xù)不斷的雨水幾乎毀壞了這些農(nóng)作物。 damaged destroy ruined 2. injure/wound/hurt/harm injure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成傷害，也可以表示損害名譽(yù)、傷害感情等。 wound 指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷。 hurt 是一般用語，指肉體或精神上的傷害，常伴有強(qiáng)烈的疼痛感；還可表示“疼、痛”。 harm 用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可。有時(shí)可指引起不安或不便。還可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。 [應(yīng)用2]　(1)The robber ___________ him with a knife. 那強(qiáng)盜用刀刺傷了他。 (2)These criticisms have ___________ his pride deeply. 這些批評(píng)使他的自尊心深深地受到了傷害。 (3)Two people have been badly ______ in the accident. 有兩個(gè)人在這次事故中嚴(yán)重受傷了。 (4)Don't ______ your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的燈光下看書，以免損傷眼睛。 wounded hurt/injured injured harm 高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測(cè)評(píng)·技能備考 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．________________(祝賀) to you on your winning the contest. 2．Thousands of people died in the __________(災(zāi)難)． 3．His sudden death was a great _________ (震驚) to his family. 4．He was one of the ________(裁判員) at the boxing match. 5．The car was ___________(陷入) in the mud and couldn't get out. Congratulations　 disaster shock judges trapped 6．The firemen r__________ three women from the burning house. 7．They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_____________. 8．Don't leave the lights on—it wastes e___________ 9．The miners were b___________ alive when the tunnel collapsed. 10．He was too nevous to e__________ himself in front of the girl. rescued shelter electricity buried express Ⅱ .單項(xiàng)選擇 1．—Have you heard of D．P.R. Korea's nuclear test? —Yes, ______ news came as ______shock to me. A．the; a　　　　　　　　B．the; the C．a(chǎn); a D．a(chǎn); the 答案：A 解析：考查冠詞。第一空特指上文的消息用 the；第二空用a表示“一個(gè)震驚”。 2．Before the firemen arrived, the whole wooden building had already been ______ in the big fire. A．injured B．wounded C．damaged D．destroyed 答案：D 解析：表示“房屋被燒毀”用 destroy。 3．—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. —You can never be ______ careful in the street. A．much B．very C．so D．too 答案：D 解析：考查 never...too...表示“再……也不為過；越……越好”。 4．At least 203 miners were killed, 22 ______ and 13 ______ in a coal mine gas explosion on Monday afternoon in Fuxin. A．injuring; trapping B．injured; trapped C．injured; trapping D．injuring; trapped 答案：B 解析：考查過去分詞。兩空都與 were killed并列，故填過去分詞形式。 5．______ the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous. A．Judged from B．Having judged from C．Judging from D．After having judged from 答案：C 解析：judging from為固定用法，“從……判斷”的意思。 6．(2010·山東濰坊質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))Her books were all over the dining table, ______ meant we had to eat in the kitchen. A．which B．what C．that D．it 答案：A 解析：考查定語從句。語意為：她的書擺滿了餐桌，這就意味著我們必須在廚房吃飯了。which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，代替主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。 7．(2010·四川綿陽中學(xué))When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst ______ laughing while he burst ______ tears. A．into; in B．into; out C．out; into D．out; in 答案：C 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)滿臉臟兮兮的男孩進(jìn)來時(shí)，在場(chǎng)的人都笑起來，而他卻哭起來。burst out laughing表示“突然大笑起來”，burst into tears表示“突然大哭起來”，都是固定搭配。 8．His head was ______ in the book he was reading. A．devoted B．a(chǎn)ddicted C．buried D．a(chǎn)bsorbed 答案：C 解析：bury oneself/one’s head in“埋頭于，專心于”。be addicted to＝be devoted to＝be absorbed in“專心于”，其主語皆為人。 9．This year an increased number of drivers ______ for driving after drinking. A．have punished B．have been punished C．has punished D．has been punished 答案：B 解析：“a number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，此句中應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 10．The tsunami killed ______ people in South and Southeast Asia. A．ten thousands B．ten thousands of C．tens of thousand D．tens of thousands of 答案：D 解析：tens of thousands of 意為“數(shù)以萬計(jì)的”。 11．There seems ______something wrong with the car. I can't start it. A．a(chǎn)s if B．that C．to be D．to have 答案：C 解析：考查 seem的用法，用在 there be句型中，故用 There seems to be... 12．He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse. A．until B．when C．before D．a(chǎn)s 答案：C 解析：考查 before 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 13．(2010·福建六校三聯(lián))On Christmas Eve, the English evening ______ singing the song The Unforgettable Tonight. A．came up B．drew up C．ran up D．ended up 答案：D 解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。come up“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；draw up“起草”；run up“積欠(債務(wù)等)”；end up“結(jié)束”。語意：圣誕前夜，英語晚會(huì)以歌曲《難忘今宵》結(jié)束。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。 14．______ he is doing an operation on the patient; please don’t disturb him. A．Right away B．Right now C．In no time D．At once 答案：B 解析：四個(gè)短語都有“立即，馬上”之意，但right now還有“現(xiàn)在，此時(shí)此刻”之意。句意為：他目前正在給病人做手術(shù)，請(qǐng)不要打擾他。 15．We can’t have lunch at the restaurant, because ______. A．a(chǎn)ll of us don’t have money B．not all of us have money C．everyone of us don’t have money D．none of us has money 答案：D 解析：考查部分否定與全部否定。A、B、C均為部分否定，D項(xiàng)為全部否定，據(jù)題意選D。 Ⅲ .閱讀理解 A Last year, I lived in Chile for half a year. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of any Chilean teenager. I had good days and bad days I didn't understand. Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp. When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to. There were lots of dogs on the streets, and there was no downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and little to do for entertainment. Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent. I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and needed one person to whom I could explain my shock. I couldn't speak the thoughts in my head and there were so many. Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲). I was required to overcome all the difficulties. As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy. But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture. I now have a deeper understanding of both myself and others. 1. The author went to Chile last year with the purpose of ______. A. paying a visit to Chile as a tourist B. experiencing Chilean life as a teacher C. studying Chilean culture as a college student D. studying knowledge as an exchange student 答案及解析： 1. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。綜合第三段的“I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class.”和第四段的“Most exchange students experience this like me.”可判斷作者是一名交換生。 2. On arriving in Chile, why did the author feel frightened? A. Because he did not know how to get along with the local people. B. Because it was full of dangers like earthquakes and windstorms. C. Because its living conditions were worse than what he was used to. D. Because it was not convenient for him to shop there. 答案及解析： 2．C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段提到：“It was so different from what I was used to.” 再從街道環(huán)境、購物環(huán)境、娛樂設(shè)施、自然條件等方面描寫智利比較差的生活條件，由此可知作者是因?yàn)橹抢顥l件比他原先習(xí)慣的生活差許多而產(chǎn)生恐懼心理。 3. In the first week in Chile the author ______. A. was not used to eating Chilean food B. had some friends to have a chat with C. couldn't communicate with people D. couldn't express his thoughts in English 答案及解析： 3．A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。來到智利的第一周，作者還在承受著culture shock 的痛苦，綜合第四段“Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲)．”和第五段的“As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food.” 可判斷，不習(xí)慣智利的飲食是作者來到智利的第一周出現(xiàn)的。 4. What did the author most probably think of his life in Chile? A. Wonderful and worthwhile. B. Difficult but meaningful. C. Difficult and meaningless. D. Boring and disappointing. 答案及解析： 4．B。推理判斷題。綜合第四段的“I was required to overcome all the difficulties.”和最后一段“But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain.”可知，作者最有可能會(huì)認(rèn)為自己在智利的生活不容易， 但盡管如此還是很有意義的，因?yàn)樗屪髡邔W(xué)到了很多東西。 5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Chile is true? A. Its official language is Spanish and English. B. It is a developing count