高中英語 Unit 2 Friendship （1）素材 冀教版必修1

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111 2011-2012學(xué)年高一英語必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和練習(xí)） Unit 2 Friendship （1） 一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： Unit 2 Friendship（I） 詞匯解析： 1. express （1）vt. ①表達；表示 例句：She expressed her thanks (to us). 她（對我們）表示感謝。 His face expressed his disappointment.他臉上浮現(xiàn)出失望的表情。 I cannot express (to you) how encouraging your letter was. 你的來信多么令人鼓舞，我無法用言語表達。 常見短語： express oneself 表達自己的意思 例句：He expressed himself clearly in English. 他用英文清楚地表達自己的意思。 ②快運、快遞、快匯（信件、貨物等） express an urgent letter 以快遞寄出緊急信件 （2）adj. 快速的；快遞的 an express train快車 an express highway 高速公路 （3）n. 快車 (= express train) ；快遞服務(wù)，快件服務(wù) the 9:00 p.m. express to Ottawa 下午九點開往渥太華的快車 例句：I sent the parcel by express. 我以快遞的形式寄那個包裹。 （4）adv. 快速地；用快遞方式地 to sent the parcel express包裹寄快件 例句：He traveled express. 他搭快車去。 詞匯拓展： （1）expression n. 表達，說明；表情；措詞或短語 例句：They greeted him with many expressions of pleasure. 他們說了許多表示歡迎他的話。 Her expression showed that she was angry. 從她的表情可知道她正在生氣。 This expression is against idiom. 這一表達方式不合乎語言習(xí)慣。 常見短語： ①beyond (past) expression adj./adv. 無法形容（表達）的（地） 例句：The bride was lovely beyond expression. 那新娘美得無法形容。 ②find expression in vt. 表現(xiàn)在…… 例句：Her passion found expression in her painting. 她的熱情表現(xiàn)在她的畫中。 （2）expressionless adj. 無表情的；缺乏表情的；呆板的 例句：Their faces remained expressionless as they listened to the bad news. 聽到那壞消息時，他們的臉上仍然毫無表情 （3）expressive adj. 表現(xiàn)的，表達……的，有表現(xiàn)力的，富于表情的 an expressive glance 含情脈脈的一瞥 an expressive gesture 意圖明確的手勢 例句：The actor has an expressive face. 那個演員的臉表情豐富。 （4）expressively adv. 善于表現(xiàn)地；表情豐富地；意味深長地 2. college n. （1）學(xué)院；大學(xué) 常見詞組： a medical college 醫(yī)學(xué)院 college courses學(xué)院課程 college faculty學(xué)院教師 college education大學(xué)教育 go to college上大學(xué) enter college 進大學(xué) 例句：The college is located next to the airport. 學(xué)院在機場旁邊。 Their son will start college in January. 他們的兒子將于一月份開始上大學(xué)。 （2）協(xié)會；社團；學(xué)會 the Royal College of Nurses 皇家護士協(xié)會 the College of Physicians 醫(yī)師公會 3. entrance n. （1）[C] 入口，進口 例句：He stood in the entrance of the hospital.他站在醫(yī)院入口處。 Visitors are asked to go into the museum by the front entrance / entry. 要求觀眾從前門進入博物館。 “Excuse me, where is the entrance to the exhibition hall?” “對不起，請問展覽大廳的入口處在哪里?” the entrance to…通向……的入口處。 常用to…表示“……的”的名詞有： a key to the door 開門的鑰匙 the answer to the exercise 這道題的答案 the way to the castle 到城堡的路 the road to the tower 通向塔的馬路 a reply to the manager 對經(jīng)理的答復(fù) （2）[C,U] 進入；入場 例句：The actor made only two entrances.那位演員只上過兩次臺。 Entrance is permitted only on production of a ticket.出示票方可入場。 （3）[U]進入的權(quán)利；入學(xué)許可 gain entrance to university 獲得大學(xué)入學(xué)許可 entrance fee 入場費；入會費 entrance examination 入學(xué)考試；進入公司的考試 詞匯拓展： enter v. （1）vt. 進入 例句：The train entered the tunnel.火車進入了隧道。 （2）加入; 參加; 入學(xué) 例句：I entered this company five years ago.我五年前進入這家公司。 He entered university at the age of 21.他21歲時進入大學(xué)。 Her dream to enter the famous university came true. 她要進入名牌大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的夢想實現(xiàn)了。 （3）登記；記入 例句：We entered our names in the guest book.我們在來客名薄上寫下姓名。 I entered my name for the exam.我報名參加那項考試。 常用短語： （1）enter for 報名參加 例句：Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town! 我每年也報名參加花園大賽，但我總是得全鎮(zhèn)最差花園的小獎! Lot of cars entered for this race last year. 去年，很多小汽車參加了這種比賽。 （2）enter into 開始；著手；成為…的一部分 例句：Our shop has entered into a contract with a clothing firm to buy 100 T-shirts a week. 我們商店與一家服裝公司達成了每星期批發(fā)一百件T恤衫的合同。 We'll enter into details at the next meeting. 關(guān)于細節(jié)問題我們下次會議上再討論。 Rice has largely entered into their diet. 大米已成為他們的主食之一。 4. examination n. （1）考試；測驗 (= exam) 例句：Have you passed the examination you took last month? 你上個月參加的考試通過了嗎？ We’ll have an oral examination in English tomorrow. 我們明天要考英語口試。 She usually gets over 80 points in any examination. 她通常任何考試都在80分以上。 常見詞組： an entrance examination 入學(xué)考試take an examination 參加考試 pass (fail) an examination 考試及格（不及格）cheat in an examination 考試作弊 （2）檢查 a medical examination體格檢查 詞匯拓展： examine vt. （1）檢查；細查 例句：The doctor examined her carefully.醫(yī)生給她作了仔細的檢查。 Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. 昨天，消防隊員們仔細地檢查了地面，但未能找到任何碎玻璃。 例句：My suitcases were examined at the Customs when I entered the country. 入境時，我的提包在海關(guān)受到了檢查。 （2）測驗 例句：I examined students in English (on the previous lessons). 我測驗學(xué)生（前面幾課的）英文。 5. extremely adv. 極端地；非常地 例句：I'm extremely sorry.我非常抱歉。 It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 這是一項極度困難危險的任務(wù)。 詞匯拓展： extreme （1）adj. 盡頭的, 極端的, 極度的, 偏激的 例句：He lives at the extreme edge of the forest.他住在森林的最邊上。 His political ideas are rather extreme.他的政治思想相當(dāng)極端。 （2）n. 極端, 極端的事物 例句：Sometimes he eats too much and sometimes nothing. He goes from one extreme to the other. 他有時吃得太多，有時不吃，從一個極端走到另一極端。 Extremes meet. （諺）兩極相通。 常見短語： go（be driven）to extremes 走極端 in the extreme 極，非常 6. similar adj. 相像的，相似的；近似的 例句：My new dress is similar to the one you have.我的新衣服和你的那件相似。 Your views of education are similar to mine.你的教育觀點和我的類似。 All big cities are quite similar.所有的大城市差不多大同小異。 詞匯拓展： similarity n.類似，類似處 a similarity of writing styles 寫作風(fēng)格的相似之處 a similarity between the sisters 兩姐妹之間的相似之處 7. introduce vt. （1）（與to連用）介紹 例句：He introduced his friend to me.他把朋友介紹給我。 Let me introduce myself; my name is Simpson.讓我作自我介紹吧,我名叫辛普森。 （2）（與to，into連用）引進，引入 例句：New Paris fashions are introduced into Shanghai every year. 巴黎的新流行式樣每年都被引進上海。 （3）（與to連用）引導(dǎo)，使入門；啟蒙 例句：He introduced me to weightlifting.他帶領(lǐng)我認識舉重。 詞匯拓展： （1）introduction n. ①介紹 例句：He made the introduction at the party. 他在聚會上介紹大家認識。 ②導(dǎo)入；采用 例句：The introduction of new advanced techniques in the factory is under discussion today. 在工廠采用新的先進技術(shù)的問題是今天的議題。 ③導(dǎo)言，緒論，入門 An Introduction to Sociology 社會科學(xué)入門 an introduction to an advanced course 高級課程指南 （2）introductory adj. 介紹性的; 引言的，導(dǎo)論的 例句：The dean made a few introductory remarks before the lecture. 系主任在講課前講了幾句開場白。 8. creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的；獨創(chuàng)的 creative work創(chuàng)造性的工作 creative writing有創(chuàng)意的寫作 例句：Human beings are creative animals.人類是有創(chuàng)造力的動物。 詞匯拓展： （1）create vt.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作，引起，造成 例句：All men are created equal. 人人生而平等。 Shakespeare created many famous characters.莎士比亞創(chuàng)造了許多有名的角色。 His words created an awkward situation.他的話引起了尷尬的場面。 （2）creation n.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作物 例句：Man is the lord of creation. 人類是萬物之靈。 （3）creatively adv. 創(chuàng)造地，有創(chuàng)意地 （4）creativity n.創(chuàng)造力，獨創(chuàng)性 9. continue v. （1）vi., vt 繼續(xù) 例句：The discussion continued after a break.那項討論在短暫的休息后繼續(xù)進行。 I’ll continue my study for another year.我將再繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)一年。 He continued reading (to read) when I spoke to him.當(dāng)我給他說話時他仍然繼續(xù)閱讀。 （2）vi. 持續(xù)，仍舊 例句：According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend. 據(jù)天氣預(yù)報,到本周末天氣仍然很好。 （3）vi. vt. 留任 例句：She continued as mayor for a second term.她連任了一期市長。 10. secret （1） adj. 保密的；只有少數(shù)人知道的 例句：Don't tell anyone about our plan, keep it a secret — it's a secret plan. 不要對任何人講我們的計劃，要保密，這是一個秘密計劃。 Someone has stolen the secret formula for the new drug.有人盜走了我們新藥的秘密配方。 He escaped through a secret door. 他是從一個暗門逃走的。 （2）n. 秘密，機密; 奧秘，神秘; 秘訣，訣竅；秘方 the secret of nature 自然的奧秘an open secret 公開的秘密 a top secret 絕密keep a secret 守秘密kept his secret 替他保密 in secret 秘密地 （=secretly, adv.）their secret thoughts 他們內(nèi)心的想法 例句：What is the secret of his success? 他成功的秘訣是什么？ We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret, which has been concealed from strangers for years. 表面上道貌岸然的人或有聲望的家庭，卻有著駭人聽聞，多年不讓人知道的秘密，這樣的事情我們經(jīng)常在小說里讀到。 The secret of this dish is in the sauce.使這道菜好吃的秘訣在于調(diào)味汁。 11. spread vt., vi. (spread, spread; spreading) （1）（常與out連用）張開；伸展；延長；加寬 例句：The bird spread its wings.這只鳥展開翅膀。 Father spread the world map out flat on the floor and tried to find out the town where his son was fighting. 父親把世界地圖平攤在地板上,努力尋找他兒子正在戰(zhàn)斗的小鎮(zhèn)。 In these two years the city has quickly spread for ten miles to the north. 這兩年里城市很快地向北延伸了 10 英里。 （2）蔓延；擴散 例句：The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. 火從工廠蔓延到附近的房舍。 The illness spread through the village. 這種病在村里蔓延開了。 How terrible! The forest fire spread quickly. 真可怕！火勢在迅速地蔓延。 （3）薄薄地涂……；覆蓋；涂敷 a field spread with wild flowers 野花遍地的田野 例句：She spread the bread with butter. (=She spread butter on the bread.) 她把黃油涂在面包上。 （4）傳播，傳布 例句：He spread the information around.他到處散布那個消息。 The news spread through the school very quickly.那消息很快就傳遍了整個學(xué)校。 The story of these advanced workers spread quickly. 這些先進工人的事跡很快就傳開了。 詞匯拓展： the spread of … “……的普及；……的傳播；……的蔓延”。 這里 spread 是名詞。 the spread of a disease 一種疾病的蔓延 the spread of education 教育的普及 12. wealthy adj.（wealthier，wealthiest） （1）有錢的；富的 a wealthy family 富裕的家庭 例句：If we want everyone to be healthy, wealthy and happy, strict birth control is quite essential. 如果我們想使每個人都能過健康、富裕和幸福的生活，就必須實行嚴格的計劃生育。 （2）富于……的 a wealthy land富饒的土地 a country wealthy in natural resources 自然資源豐富的國家 wealthy in compassion 感情豐富 詞匯拓展： （1）wealthily adv. 富有地, 豐富地 （2）wealth n. ①[U]（大筆）財富，財產(chǎn) 例句：The father passed on the family's wealth to his son.這位父親把大筆家產(chǎn)傳給兒子。 ②（與of連用）大量，許多 a wealth of examples 許多例子 a magazine with a wealth of photos 一本有許多圖片的雜志 例句：She has a wealth of knowledge about plants. 她具有豐富的植物知識。 13. painful adj. （不可修飾人，反義詞painless） （1）使痛苦的；使痛的 例句：His head was very painful.他的頭很疼。 （2）費心費力的; 困難的 a painful task 困難的任務(wù)a painful duty 費力的工作 詞匯拓展： （1）painfully adv. 痛苦地（反義詞painlessly，無痛苦的；無需努力的，不費力的） （2）pain n. ①痛苦；悲痛 例句：His bad behavior caused his parents a great deal of pain. 他的不良行為使他的父母感到非常痛苦。 ②痛；疼痛 例句：He had a pain in his head.他頭疼。 He has pains / a pain / pain in the shoulders.他兩肩痛疼。 Has the pain passed off yet?不痛了吧? ③苦惱；煩悶； 討厭的人；討厭的物；厭惡 例句：She's a real pain.她真是一個令人討厭的人。(= pain in the neck) ④(pl)辛苦；努力 例句：No pains, no gains.／No gains without pains. （諺）不勞則無獲。 We must give him something. for his pains.我們必須給他點什么以便酬報他的辛勞。 常見短語： be at pains to do sth. 苦心經(jīng)營；辛苦地做 take pains (to do/in doing) 費苦心，努力做 14. attract vt. （1）吸引 例句：She was attracted by the novel advertisement.她被這新穎的廣告吸引住了。 I tried to attract his attention, but failed.我想要引起他的注意，卻枉費心機。 （2）招引(多和to連用) 例句：What do you think attracts people to big cities? 你認為把人吸引到大城市的原因是什么？ He’s always attracted to women older than him. 他總是被年紀比她大的女性所迷住。 詞匯拓展： （1）attractive adj. 有吸力的；有魅力的 例句：Her dark eyes are very attractive. 她的黑眼睛很迷人。 （2）attraction [C,U] 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物 例句：The idea of working for state-owned enterprises has little attraction to young people nowadays. 現(xiàn)時去國營企業(yè)就職的想法對年青人沒有多大吸引力。 The main attraction of the circus was a dancing bear. 那馬戲團最精彩的節(jié)目是熊表演舞蹈。 （3）attractively adv. 動人地，迷人地 15. handsome adj. （字母d不發(fā)音） （1）漂亮的，英俊的（男人）；健美的，溫雅的（女人） 例句：He looks handsome and healthy. 他顯得俊美，健康。 Would you describe that lady as handsome or beautiful? 你覺得那女子是體態(tài)俊俏（五官端正）還是美麗?。? （2）慷慨的；大方的 a handsome present 大方的禮物 例句：Handsome is that (as) handsome does. （諺）慷慨仁慈才是真美。 It is handsome of you to give us so much. 你真好，給了我們這么多。 （3）相當(dāng)大的，可觀的： a handsome prize 一筆巨額獎金 a handsome reward 一筆可觀的報酬 16.announcement n.通告，宣告 例句：He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath. 他屏息靜氣地等待宣布競賽結(jié)果。 I’d like to make an important announcement.我要發(fā)表一項重要聲明。 詞匯拓展； announce vt. 宣布, 通告，發(fā)表 例句：The captain announced that the plane was going to land.機長宣布飛機就要著陸了。 The government announced its new economic policies.政府發(fā)布了新的經(jīng)濟政策。 17. competitive adj. 競爭的 a competitive spirit 競爭精神 詞語拓展： （1）competition n. ①[U] 競爭 例句：He was in competition with 10 others for the job. 為得到這份工作他與10個人展開競爭。 Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce. 由于失業(yè)如此眾多,求職的競爭十分激烈。 There is more competition than before. 現(xiàn)在競爭比以前增加了。 ② [C] 競賽 enter a competition 參加比賽 hold a golf competition 舉辦高爾夫比賽 例句：He takes part in a swimming competition.他參加游泳比賽。 It was a friendly competition. 這是一次友好的比賽。 注意：competition與game, race, match的區(qū)別在于： game作“游戲，比賽”解,通常有一定規(guī)則，凡參加者均需遵守；說球賽, 美國人通 常用game，英國人則常用match。另外games(復(fù)數(shù)) 一般指大型的國際體育運動會, 如 the Olympic Games (奧運會), the Asian Games(亞運會)。 match 一般指競技比賽, 如: 拳擊、網(wǎng)球、高爾夫球等。 race 通常指賽跑、賽馬、賽車、賽船等運動。 competition 意為:比賽, 競爭, 可指各種形式的競賽。 （2）compete vi. 比賽, 競爭 例句：The children compete against (with) each other to reach the other end of the pool. 孩子們互相競爭著抵達池子的另一端。 The two teams competed for the championship.那兩支隊伍要爭奪冠軍。 Although there were only 4 horses competing, it was an exciting race. 雖然只有4匹馬比賽, 這比賽仍很精彩。 All these countries competed in the trade. 所有這些國家都在貿(mào)易中進行競爭。 （3）competitor n. 對手；敵手；競爭者；比賽者 例句：There were 12 competitors in the two-hundred-meter dash. 有十二名選手參加二百米賽跑。 The number of the competitors is 40. 參加比賽的人數(shù)是40。 短語講解： 1. feel like vt. （1）（口語）意欲，想要，感覺想做…… 例句：I feel like (having) a drink. 我想喝一杯。 Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散散步？ （2）摸（感覺）上去如同 例句：It feels like silk. 它摸起來像綢緞。 She felt like a princess in that dress.她穿上那件衣服后，覺得自己像個公主。 I feel like (like = as if) I am flying like a bird.我感覺自己就像鳥兒在飛翔。 短語拓展： ① look like 看上去似乎，好像 例句：She looks so much like her mother.她看起來很像她母親。 Look at that dark cloud. It looks like rain.看看那烏云，好像要下雨了。 Everything on the ground looks like tiny toys when you look down from a plane. 從飛機上往下看，地上的東西都像是小小的玩具。 ② sound like 聽起來像 例句：It sounded like a train that was going under my house when the earthquake happened. 地震發(fā)生時，聽起來像有列火車在我的房子底下穿行似的。 It sounds like American country music.這聽起來像是美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂。 What he said sounds like a lie. 他所說的話聽來像是謊言。 2. live a … life 過著……的生活 live a busy but comfortable life 過著繁忙但舒適的生活 live a happy(simple) life 過著快樂（樸實）的生活 3. under pressure adv./adj 被迫；在強制下 例句：He doesn't work well under pressure. 他在壓力之下不能很好地工作。 短語拓展： （1）under the pressure of 在……逼迫下，在……壓力下 例句：He’s under the pressure of business. 他經(jīng)受著生意上的壓力。 （2）put/bring pressure on/upon sb. to do sth.對某人施加壓力 例句：They put/brought pressure on me to sell my precious land. 他們給我施加壓力，要我買到寶貴的土地。 4. go on （1）發(fā)生；恰巧發(fā)生： 例句：I didn't know what was going on.我不知道發(fā)生了什么事。 （2）（時間）經(jīng)過，過去 例句：As the days went on, it grew colder. 隨著日子一天天過去，天氣越來越冷了。 （3）繼續(xù)： 例句：Life must go on. 生命在延續(xù)。 I couldn’t finish my work, so I have to go on with it tomorrow. 我無法完成家庭作業(yè)，所以明天得繼續(xù)做。 Don't go on talking. 不要繼續(xù)講了。 Time is short, so let’s go on to the next subject. 時間不多，我們進入下一個主題吧。 注意：go on to do sth.與go on doing sth./ go on with sth.的區(qū)別 ①go on to do sth. 表示“干完某件事后，接著再干另一件事”。 例句：He finished reading the text and then went on to write a composition. 他讀完課文后，接著又寫了一篇作文。 The old man had a drink of tea before he went on to tell the story. 老人喝了一口茶，然后接著講故事。 ②go on doing sth./ go on with sth.繼續(xù)不斷地干某事,表示“某事未做完，繼續(xù)做下去”。 例句：She went on reading Lesson 9 for half an hour第九課她連續(xù)不斷地讀了半小時。 （比較：She read Lesson 8 and then she went on to read Lesson 9. 她讀完了第八課，接著就讀第九課。） Although he was tired, he went on working.雖然疲乏了，他仍然繼續(xù)干工作。 （比較：After a short rest he went on to work.短暫休息之后，他接著干工作了。） After having a rest, we went on doing our homework. 休息一會兒之后，我們接著做作業(yè)。（做同一件事情） （比較：After having English lesson, we went on to have P.E. 上完英語課之后，我們接著上體育課。） 5. be happy with 對……滿足的，滿意的 例句：She is not happy with her present position as a typist. 她對于現(xiàn)在的打字員職位并不滿意。 I’m not happy with your explanation.我對你的解釋不滿意。 短語拓展： （1）be happy to do 高興做……，做……而感到高興 例句：I'll be happy to meet him.我將高興地與他見面。 I'll be happy to meet them when I have time.我有空的時候,很樂意同他們見面。 （2）be happy that 高興 例句：I'm very happy that your health is showing signs of improvement. 看到你的健康狀況顯出好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象,我非常高興。 I’m happy that you could stay with us.我很高興你能暫住我們家。 （3）be happy at/about 高興于……，知道……而高興 例句：I was happy at the news of his return.我聽到他歸來的消息感到高興。 She was happy about helping him with his studies.她很高興能幫他搞研究。 6. agree with （反義詞：disagree with） （1）agree with sb. 同意某人的話 例句：I agree with you. = I agree with what you said. 我很贊同你。（我和你意見相同） （2）適宜健康；與……相宜(通常用于否定句) 例句：The liquor did not agree with me.這酒不適合我喝。 （3）一致；相符合 例句：His story agrees with the facts. 他的陳述和事實相符。 短語拓展： （1）agree on 對……達成協(xié)議，對……取得一致意見 例句：We agreed on a plan.我們商量后決定某一計劃。 （2）agree to 同意（某提議等） 例句：I agreed to his proposal (plan).我同意他的提議（計劃）。 （3）agree to do同意…… 例句：We all agree to start at once. 我們?nèi)纪饬⒖坛霭l(fā)。 （4）agree that… 見解一致，承認 例句：I agree with you that he needs a rest.我同意你的說法，他需要休息。 He agreed that he should have been more careful.他承認他當(dāng)初應(yīng)該更謹慎些。 7. for pleasure=for fun adv. 為了取樂；當(dāng)作玩笑；不是認真的 例句：Mr. Alexander doesn't just write for fun; in fact, writing is his bread and butter. 亞歷山大從事寫作不是為了好玩，事實上寫作是他的謀生之道。 類似短語： for laughs[美俚]為了取樂，作為消遣，借以開心 for love為了愛[興趣]，由于愛好而做某事 for luck為了表示吉利，祝福 for money 現(xiàn)款交易 for nothing免費，徒然 for rent供出租 for safety為安全起見，以保證安全 for sale待售 for the future今后 8. find out 找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（真相等），揭發(fā) 例句：I found out the phone number by looking it up.通過查找我查到了電話號碼。 Please find out when the ship sails for New York.請打聽一下那艘船什么時候開往紐約。 Liars risk being found out.騙子冒著被揭穿的危險。 Most embezzlers are found out in the end.大多數(shù)貪污犯最后都被查出。 9. focus on vt. & vi. （1）使集中在焦點上, 定焦點, 調(diào)焦 例句：A nearsighted person cannot focus on distant object. 近視的人無法把焦點對準(zhǔn)遠處的物體。 I focused the camera on her.我把照相機的焦點對準(zhǔn)她。 （2）聚焦, 注視 例句：We must focus (our attention) on urgent problems. 我們必須把注意力集中在緊急的問題上。 10. get along (well) with （1）相處(融洽)： 例句：How are you getting along with your new girlfriend? 你和新女友相處得如何？ －“How are you getting on with your classmates?” “你同班上的同學(xué)相處得怎樣?” －“Quite well, thank you.” “挺好，謝謝?！? Yang Mei is getting on well with her foreign friends. 楊梅同她的外國朋友們相處得很好。 （2）進展 例句：How are you getting along with your work? 你的工作進展如何？ －“How are you getting on with your business?”“你的生意做得怎么樣?” －“Not bad, thank you.” “還不錯，謝謝?！? At first she didn't get on well with her job.一開始她的工作做得并不好。 11. decide on 對……作出決定（指經(jīng)過考慮或討論研究作出決定） 例句：She decided on the red shoes.她決定要買那雙紅鞋。 They decided on spending the vacation by the sea.他們決定在海邊度假。 He decided on taking the position at the bank. (=He decided to take the position at the bank.) 他決定擔(dān)任銀行的職務(wù)。 12. be different from 與……不同 例句：My opinion is different from yours.我的意見和你的不相同。 City life is very different from country life.都市生活和鄉(xiāng)村生活是非常不同的。 短語拓展： （1）tell the difference between（between A and B） tell常與情態(tài)動詞 can或 be able to連用，意為“斷定，清楚地知道”。 例如：Who can tell what will happen？誰能預(yù)知將會發(fā)生什么事呢？ People can't tell the difference between the twin brothers. 人們分辨不出這對孿生兄弟。 Can you tell the difference between these two words?你能講得出這兩個詞的區(qū)別嗎？ （2）be different in… 在……方面不同于 例句：They are quite different in their tastes.他們的品位差異很大。 13. get across （使）越過，通過，被理解 例句：I have tried to get my point across.我已盡力讓我的觀點清晰明了。 How can I get across to the students?我怎樣才能讓學(xué)生心服口服? 14. calm down 平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)定下來 例句：It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷們平靜下來是很困難的。 15. build up 增進；加強 build up one's strength增強體力 例句：But at sea the wind can build up giant, powerful waves. 但是在海上,風(fēng)能形成巨大強勁的波浪。 Hard working conditions build up character. (喻)艱苦的工作條件能磨練人的性格。 Promote physical culture and build up the people's health.發(fā)展體育運動,增強人民體質(zhì)。 I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up. 看到你的詞匯量在逐漸增長,我很高興。 16. due to adv. 由于，因為；由……引起； accidents due to driving at high speed由于高速開車而引起的交通事故。 例句：Her illness was due to bad food.她的病是壞了的食物造成的。 17. give away vt. （1）送掉，分發(fā)，免費贈予 例句：He gave all his lands to the city.他把他所有的土地捐贈給那個城市。 （2）放棄，泄露 例句：She is sure to give away your secret.她一定會泄露你的秘密。 （3）出賣，背叛 例句：However, it was her face that gave her away. 然而，她的表情背叛了她。 疑難辨析： 1. feeling，emotion，passion，sentiment （1）這些名詞指的是情緒反應(yīng)，并通常指強烈的主觀的個人反應(yīng)，例如愛或恨。盡管feeling和emotion 有時可以互換使用，但feeling 更概括更中性： feelings of hope and joy 充滿希望和快樂的感覺 a feeling of inferiority 自卑感 religious feelings 宗教情感 a feeling of discomfort 不舒服的感覺 I have a feeling he'll come. 我覺得他要來了。 He had lost all feeling in the left leg. 他的左腿完全失去了知覺。 （2）emotion常被認為是這兩個詞條中較強烈的一個，暗含興奮或焦慮的意思： He has difficulty controlling his emotions. 他很難控制自己的感情。 Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion. 詩不是情感的轉(zhuǎn)向松弛，而是情感的出口。 （3）passion指強烈的、咄咄逼人的情感： They seemed like ungoverned children inflamed with the fiercest passions of men. 他們看起來像狂野不羈的孩子，卻燃燒著男子漢最熾烈的情感。 （4）sentiment常