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徐州工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書
機(jī)電工程 學(xué)院 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目 電梯曳引機(jī)與控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué) 生 姓 名 黃 九
班 級 04機(jī)本4
起 止 日 期 2月25—— 6月2號
指 導(dǎo) 教 師 李 志
教研室主任 李 志
發(fā)任務(wù)書日期 2008 年 2 月 25 日
1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的背景：
針對即將畢業(yè)走進(jìn)社會(huì)的四年學(xué)習(xí)做一次檢驗(yàn)。本課題主要是針對電氣
控制，機(jī)械加工，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方面做了詳細(xì)的檢驗(yàn)。滿足了對機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造
及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的檢測。通過本次設(shè)計(jì)，讓我們對以后的設(shè)計(jì)
有了直觀的認(rèn)識，為以后的工作打下了基礎(chǔ)。設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容具體是關(guān)于四層
客乘電梯的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)做。
2.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的內(nèi)容和要求：
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容應(yīng)中心突出，內(nèi)容充實(shí)，論據(jù)充分，論證有力，數(shù)據(jù)可靠
結(jié)構(gòu)層次分明，圖表清晰，格式規(guī)范，文字流暢，字跡工整，結(jié)論正確。
論文中的圖或表要給予解釋，統(tǒng)一標(biāo)上編號和圖題。安排于相應(yīng)位置。若
同類圖表數(shù)量過多，可作為附錄列于論文后面。凡手繪圖形一律用碳素筆
在硫酸紙或復(fù)印紙上眷描，并標(biāo)上圖號，圖題，然后貼附于論文適當(dāng)位置
或附錄中，要求圖面整潔，比例適當(dāng)。
3.主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1]唐金松 《簡明機(jī)械設(shè)手冊》 上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社
[2]邱宣懷 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 高等教育出版社
[3]單輝祖 《材料力學(xué)》 國防工業(yè)出版社
[4]李益明 《機(jī)械制造工藝設(shè)計(jì)簡明手冊》 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
[5]楊黎明 《零件設(shè)計(jì)手冊》 國防工業(yè)出版社
4.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃(以周為單位)：
起 止 日 期
工 作 內(nèi) 容
備 注
第1，2周
第3，4周
第5，6周
第7，8周
第9，10周
第11，12周
第13，14周
第15，16周
進(jìn)行相關(guān)調(diào)研，了解產(chǎn)品，確定設(shè)計(jì)方案。
根據(jù)方案和要求進(jìn)行有關(guān)計(jì)算，確定主要部件尺寸。
繪制電梯系統(tǒng)圖及曳引機(jī)總裝圖。
根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的曳引機(jī)總裝圖，繪制知道老師指定的零件圖。
編制該零件的加工工藝規(guī)程并繪制加工工藝卡片
進(jìn)行控制部分的設(shè)計(jì)，繪制電氣接線圖及PLC程序圖。
對程序圖做深入研究，寫出程序的運(yùn)做梯形圖。
編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書，準(zhǔn)備答辯。
教研室審查意見：
室主任
年 月 日
學(xué)院審查意見：
教學(xué)院長
年 月 日
徐州工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
課 題 名 稱： 電梯曳引機(jī)與控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué) 生 姓 名： 黃 九 學(xué)號： 20040601423
指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 李 志 職稱：
所 在 學(xué) 院： 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院
專 業(yè) 名 稱： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
徐州工程學(xué)院
2008 年 03月 02日
說 明
1．根據(jù)《徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)管理規(guī)定》，學(xué)生必須撰寫《畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告》，由指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見、教研室審查，學(xué)院教學(xué)院長批準(zhǔn)后實(shí)施。
2．開題報(bào)告是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）答辯委員會(huì)對學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，開題報(bào)告不合格者不得參加答辯。
3．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是，逐條認(rèn)真填寫。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言通順，外來語要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫詞，須注出全稱。
4．本報(bào)告中，由學(xué)生本人撰寫的對課題和研究工作的分析及描述，沒有經(jīng)過整理歸納，缺乏個(gè)人見解僅僅從網(wǎng)上下載材料拼湊而成的開題報(bào)告按不合格論。
5. 課題類型填：工程設(shè)計(jì)類；理論研究類；應(yīng)用（實(shí)驗(yàn)）研究類；軟件設(shè)計(jì)類；其它。
6、課題來源填：教師科研；社會(huì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐；教學(xué)；其它
課題
名稱
電梯曳引機(jī)與控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
課題來源
社會(huì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐
課題類型
工程設(shè)計(jì)類
選題的背景及意義
針對即將畢業(yè)走進(jìn)社會(huì)的四年學(xué)習(xí)做一次檢驗(yàn)。本課題主要是針對電氣控制，機(jī)械加工，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方面做了詳細(xì)的檢驗(yàn)。滿足了對機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的檢測。通過本次設(shè)計(jì)，讓我們對以后的設(shè)計(jì)有了直觀的認(rèn)識，為以后的工作打下了基礎(chǔ)。設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容具體是關(guān)于四層客乘電梯的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)做。
研究內(nèi)容擬解決的主要問題
電梯曳引機(jī)的選擇，包括電機(jī)的選擇，聯(lián)軸器的選擇，減速器的選擇。
曳引機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)是減速器的選擇和箱體零件的設(shè)計(jì)和加工。減速器選擇的是蝸桿減速器，軸承是調(diào)心滾子軸承，聯(lián)軸器選擇的是彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器。PLC控制程序設(shè)計(jì)是考慮到電梯的上升和下降邏輯，以及樓層顯示，運(yùn)作時(shí)的加速和減速。
研究方法技術(shù)路線
本課題主要采用以下研究方法及技術(shù)路線：
1、 認(rèn)識研究對象。這包括：了解電梯的過去、現(xiàn)在及將來，從歷史角度對其發(fā)展有一定的認(rèn)識；了解壓電梯主要有那些著名的生產(chǎn)廠家及其所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品型號，與自己所選課題進(jìn)行分析比較，在感性上對其有一大概的認(rèn)識。
2、 查閱優(yōu)秀本科、研究生相關(guān)課題論文，汲取成功論文寫作的研究方法與所采用的技術(shù)路線，進(jìn)行消化吸收。
3、 要明確研究內(nèi)容及設(shè)計(jì)要求。首先弄清電梯曳引機(jī)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)組成及工作原理，并對其作運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析，對曳引機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性定性、定量分析計(jì)算。
4、 在運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析基礎(chǔ)上，認(rèn)識到了曳引機(jī)的工作特性，我們就可以根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)說明書上的已知條件及曳引機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)要求和各機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行參數(shù)進(jìn)行參數(shù)計(jì)算。
研究的總體安排和進(jìn)度計(jì)劃
本論文計(jì)劃共用16周的時(shí)間來完成。分為以下幾個(gè)階段：
1、中英文翻譯。（一周）
2、課題工作計(jì)劃的制定和資料的搜集。包括各階段所用時(shí)間、工作進(jìn)度、最初的說明書，和與該課題相關(guān)的資料的收集。（兩周）
3、曳引機(jī)的方案確定。（一周）
4、曳引機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析。（兩周）
5、曳引機(jī)參數(shù)的確定。 （兩周）
6、主參數(shù)的分析計(jì)算。（兩周）
7、控制部分的程序設(shè)計(jì)。（一周）
8、繪零件圖、裝配圖。（一周）
9、對圖中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行修改。 （一周）
10、編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書。（兩周）
11、準(zhǔn)備答辯。（一周）
主要參考
文獻(xiàn)
[1]唐金松 《簡明機(jī)械設(shè)手冊》 上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社
[2]邱宣懷 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》 高等教育出版社
[3]單輝祖 《材料力學(xué)》 國防工業(yè)出版社
[4]李益明 《機(jī)械制造工藝設(shè)計(jì)簡明手冊》 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
[5]楊黎明 《零件設(shè)計(jì)手冊》 國防工業(yè)出版社
[6]孟少農(nóng) 《機(jī)械加工工藝手冊》 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
[7] 《機(jī)械工程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手冊》 中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社
[8]劉家仁 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)師手冊》 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
[9]謝鐵邦 《互換性與技術(shù)測量》 華中科技大學(xué)出版社
[10] 《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊》 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
[11]齊治國 《建筑卷揚(yáng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)》 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
[12]李秧耕 《電梯基本原理及安裝維修全書》 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
[13]胡漢才 《單片機(jī)原理及其接口技術(shù)》 清華大學(xué)出版社
[14] 《電梯安全技術(shù)》 上海市紡織工業(yè)出版社
[15]GB7588-1995 《電梯制造與安裝安全規(guī)范》
指導(dǎo)教師
意 見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室意見
學(xué)院意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
教學(xué)院長簽名：
年 月 日
徐州工程學(xué)院08屆本科畢業(yè)論文
摘 要
本次設(shè)計(jì)是以三菱FX2n為核心的電梯控制系統(tǒng)的硬件組成及軟件設(shè)計(jì)，采用PLC來控制轎箱提升電機(jī)的起、停和正、反轉(zhuǎn)。這里主要是對電梯曳引機(jī)的參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算、（包括電動(dòng)機(jī)、減速器、軸、軸承、聯(lián)軸器、制動(dòng)器）以及工藝的編排和相關(guān)圖形的繪制，另外對PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，主要是PLC控制電路圖、程序流程圖以及PLC編程。
其中對曳引機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)是減速器的選擇和箱體零件的設(shè)計(jì)和加工。減速器選擇的是蝸桿減速器，軸承是調(diào)心滾子軸承，聯(lián)軸器選擇的是彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器。PLC控制程序設(shè)計(jì)是考慮到電梯的上升和下降邏輯，以及樓層顯示，運(yùn)作時(shí)的加速和減速。
現(xiàn)在電梯都采用傳統(tǒng)的繼電器群的控制方法，由于所用的繼電器較多，控制柜體積龐大，控制系統(tǒng)成本高，而且眾多繼電器的動(dòng)作會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的噪音，污染環(huán)境。采用PLC配合接口進(jìn)行控制，可將傳統(tǒng)的繼電器控制邏輯變?yōu)橛?jì)算機(jī)程序控制邏輯，去掉所有用于邏輯控制的中間繼電器，使電梯系統(tǒng)的成本和噪音大大降低，控制柜的體積也可大大縮小。
關(guān)鍵詞：PLC ;曳引機(jī) ;電動(dòng)機(jī) ;減速器 ;聯(lián)軸器 ;制動(dòng)器
Abstract
This design is take FX2n as the core elevator control system hardware composition and the software design, uses the PLC integrated circuit to control the sedan box to promote the electrical machinery, to stop with, the reverse. Here mainly is carries on the design, the computation to the elevator tractor parameter, (including electric motor, reduction gear, axis, bearing, shaft coupling, brake) as well as the craft arrangement and the correlation graph plan, moreover to the PLC integrated circuit control system design, mainly is the PLC integrated circuit control circuit diagram, the program flow diagram as well as the PLC integrated circuit programming.
The most important of this design is changed huge parts of contents. The new version increases plenty of new technical contents and new calculation method.PLC integrated circuit control system design. Besides a few parts are changed according to the Chinse lift situations, this revised version is basically compliant
Now the elevator all uses the method of traditional the relay group control, because of many relay have been used, control the cabinet volume huge, the cost of control system is high, most of the multitudinous relay movement have the big noise, the pollution environment. Uses the PLC integrated circuit coordination connection to carry on the control, may become the traditional black-white control logic the computer program control logic, removes all uses in the logical control intermediate relay, causes the cost of the elevator system and the noise reduces greatly, controls the cabinet the volume also to be possible to reduce greatly.
Key words：PLC integrated circuit；Tractor;Electricmotor;Reduction gear;Shaft coupling;Brake
目錄
1緒論……………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1電梯的起源…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2電梯的種類…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2.1按用途分類………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2.2按速度分類………………………………………………………………………………2
1.2.3按拖動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)類型分類…………………………………………………………………2
1.2.4按驅(qū)動(dòng)方式分類…………………………………………………………………………2
1.2.5按控制方式分類…………………………………………………………………………3
1.3電梯主要組成及結(jié)構(gòu)……………………………………………………………………3
1.3.1曳引機(jī)構(gòu)的組成…………………………………………………………………………4
1.3.2曳引機(jī)構(gòu)的減速器………………………………………………………………………5
2有關(guān)參數(shù)的計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………………7
2.1曳引機(jī)的確定……………………………………………………………………………7
2.1.1選擇曳引機(jī)………………………………………………………………………………8
2.1.2曳引機(jī)容量的計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………8
2.1.3曳引力計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………………8
2.2減速器設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………………9
2.2.1常用減速器的型式及其應(yīng)用……………………………………………………………9
2.2.2減速器的基本構(gòu)造……………………………………………………………………10
2.2.3蝸桿減速器設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………………12
2.3軸的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算…………………………………………………………………………16
2.3.1軸的分類………………………………………………………………………………16
2.3.2軸的常用材料…………………………………………………………………………16
2.3.3軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………16
2.3.4軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算…………………………………………………………………………16
2.4軸承的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………20
2.5聯(lián)軸器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算……………………………………………………………………22
2.5.1聯(lián)軸器選擇應(yīng)考慮的問題 ………………… ………………………………………22
2.5.2聯(lián)軸器的理論轉(zhuǎn)矩……………………………………………………………………22
2.5.3主要尺寸計(jì)算…………………………………………………………………………23
2.6制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算……………………………………………………………………23
2.7工藝………………………………………………………………………………………24
2.7.1零件的分析……………………………………………………………………………24
2.7.2工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………26
3 PLC 電梯控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………29
3.1 PLC 系統(tǒng)概述…………………………………………………………………………29
3.1.1 PLC 的定義………………………………………………………………………29
3.1.2 PLC 的特點(diǎn)…………………………………………………………………………30
3.1.3PLC 與繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的比較………………………………………………………32
3.1.4 PLC 的基本結(jié)構(gòu)………………………………………………………………………33
3.1.5 PLC 的工作原理………………………………………………………………………35
3.2 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)分析………………………………………………………………37
3.2.1 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)基本原則………………………………………………………37
3.2.2PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容……………………………………………………38
3.2.3.PLC 控制系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì)的步驟……………………………………………………39
3.3 電梯PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………40
3.3.1電梯的運(yùn)行過程…………………………………………………………………40
3.3.2選擇 PLC…………………………………………………………………………41
3.3.3PLC 規(guī)模的估算……………………………………………………………………42
3.3.4PLC 輸入輸出模塊的選擇……………………………………………………………43
3.3.5PLC 的選擇……………………………………………………………………………44
4結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………………………………46
5參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………………47
6翻譯……………………………………………………………………………………………48
6.1外文資料……………………………………………………………………………………48
6.2譯文………………………………………………………………………………………54
7致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………59
4
徐州工程學(xué)院08屆本科畢業(yè)論文
6.翻譯：
6.1外文資料
Plc Introduction Programmable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called Plc programmable logic.controller .(ProgrammableLogicController) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgement, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented Plc General Motors Corporation. Plc and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices combined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller and connecting the accused convenient target.
In the mid-1970s, the Plc has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, large-scale integrated circuits even when the Plc is no longer the only logical (IC) judgement functions also have data processing, PID conditioning and data communications functions. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition :
programmable controller is a digital electronic computers operating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes.
Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a non-contact equipment, the procedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has become a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication. Programmable controller is user-oriented industries dedicated control computer, with many distinctive features.
First, high reliability, anti-interference capability;
Second programming visual, simple;
Third, adaptability good;
Fourth functional improvements, strong functional interface
1. Subject content and application scope
This national standard specifies the technical requirements and quality requirements for the lift traction machines with rated speed less than 25m/s.
This national standard is applicable to traction machines designed for passenger lift, sickbed lift and freight lift. It's inapplicable to the traction machines designed for dumbwaiter lift and all kinds of lifts with rated speed not less than 2.5m/s. The other traction machines designed for all kinds of lifts with rated speed not less than 2.5m/s can make reference from this national standard for enforcement. ?
2. Normative references?
GB 3768 Determination of sound power levels of noise - Simple method
GB 7025 Major parameter of lift, version and dimension of car, shaft and machine room
GB 7588 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts
GB 10058 Specifications for lifts
GB 10085 Basic parameters of single enveloping worm gear
GB 10089 Cylindrical worm, worm wheel accuracy
GB 12974 General Technical Specifications for AC Lift Motor
GB 11368 Cleanliness of gear assembly
GB 191 Packaging - Pictorial markings for handling of goods?
3.Terminology?
Rated speed of traction machine
It's the linear speed of the pitch diameter of traction wheel, corresponding to the rated speed of car. ?
Rated load of traction machine?
When the traction ratio is 1:1 and the balance coefficient is 0.40, it means the rated load of the car in the tangential traction of the traction wheel.
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
?GBT 10058-1997
?Specifications for Lifts
?Foreword
?The national standard is the amendment to the original Specifications for Lifts GB 10058-88, main content of which are as the following:
?1) In chapter “ whole performance”, the regulations of classification are canceled, which include acceleration and redarded speed of vertical vibration, acceleration and redarded speed of horizontal vibration, as well as indicators of noise and leveling accuracy.
2) For improving operation efficiency of the lifts, the requirements to open time and close time of passenger lifts are added in the national standard.
3) In chapter “reliability”, the regulation of classification of reliability indicator is canceled; examining requests to control cabinet which is considered as commodity component are added in the national standard.
4) In Appendix A, specific regulations are made to technical documents kept in manufacturer after sale of lifts.
?The standard will replace GB 10058-88 since the effective date.?
Appendix A is a standard appendix.
The standard is proposed by Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China.?
The standard is under the jurisdiction of China Lift Standardization Technical Committee.
This standard is drafted by Institute of Construction Mechanization of China Academy of Building Research, Beijing Schindler Elevator Co., Ltd in China, Tianjin Otis Elevator Co., Ltd in China, and Guangzhou Elevator Industry Co., Ltd.?
The standard is mainly prepared by Kerong Peng, Guozhen Zhang, Xiaohui Xi and Xizhi Yang.?
The standard was firstly issued in 1988 and firstly revised in 1997. ?
1?????? Scope?
The standard formulates technical specifications of passenger lifts and freight lifts, inspection provisions, indication marks, package, transportation and storage.
The standard is applicable to power-actuated traction-type or compulsory-type passenger lifts and freight lifts whose rated speed is not higher than 2.5m/s;
?The standard is inapplicable to hydraulic lifts and dumbwaiter lifts.
?2 Normative References
?The articles included in the following standards become the articles of the national standard by quotation. The listed editions are efficient while the standard is published. All standards will be revised, so all parties who use the following standards should consider the latest edition as possible.
?
GB 2828-87 In-batch Check Counting Sampling Process and Sample Table(suitable for continuous batch)
GB 7588-1995 Safety Code for Manufacturing and Installation of Lifts (eqv EN 81-1: 1985)
In this code, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Section 7.2.1 (partial), Section 8.17.1, Section 9.1.2b), Section 9.9.6.2 (partial), Section 12.6 (partial), Section 13.1.1.3, Section 15.2.3.2 (partial), Section 16.2a)6) (partial), Appendix C, Appendix E, Appendix G, Appendix M and Appendix ZA are recommendatory; the rest are obligatory.
This code is the revised version of GB 7588-1995 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts (equivalent to EN81-1: 1985) on the base of EN81-1: 1998 Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts issued by European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This revised version is equivalent to EN81-1:1998 in the fields of technical contents and article numbering.
Compared with EN81-1:1985, EN81-1:1998 changed huge parts of contents. The new version increases plenty of new technical contents and new calculation method. Besides a few parts are changed according to the Chinse lift situations, this revised version is basically compliant to the contents of EN81-1:1998. ?
In the revised version, the following major technical contents are changed:
1. GB 7588-1995 version has a concise and definite application scope, so this revised version reserve the application scope of GB 7588-1995. For the purpose of presenting the definiteness, the revised version adds sickbed lift, deletes the application scope of EN81－ 1:1998.
2. This revised version makes the following changes from the quoted terms and conditions of EN81-1:1998.
(1) If the international standards or overseas advanced standards listed in "Quoted Codes" of EN81-1:1998 have already equivalently adopted as Chinese national standards (GB) or industry standard, then this quoted terms and conditions are directly named as the corresponding Chinese code number.
(2) The code name that is not included in the Quoted Codes and make no mention in EN81-1:1998 has some content involved in the Chinese code, so it is also listed in the Quoted Codes of this code. For instance, in Clause :16.2a)6), the original text "use CENELEC symbols" is listed in Chinese national standard GB/T 4728, Graphical Symbols for Electrical Diagrams. And Clause 9.1.2c) is listed in the Chinese national standard GB 8903, Wire Ropes for Lifts.
(3) The foreign code name listed in EN81-1:1998 but not inverted into Chinese national standards, we directly refer the foreign code name. For instance, ENl2015 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors - Emission, EN12016 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Lifts, Escalators and Passenger Conveyors– Immunity. ?
3. In order to coordinate with other Chinese lift standards, the nomenclatures that are the same as those listed in the Terminology of Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks of EN81-1:1998 and GB/T 7024 are not included any more, and only exclusive nomenclatures are reserved. In addition, "overhaul trapdoor" and "shaft emergency door" are added. ?
4. According to the national situation of China, partial contents of EN81-1:1998 have been amended or adjusted.
(1) Added: for instance, Clause 5.1.2 adds "excluding sightseeing lifts"; and Clause 7.1 and Clause 8.6.3 add "this interstice shall not be greater than 8mm for freight lifts"; Clause 5.6.1 adds "in exceptional cases, in order to meet the position requirement to install lift parts in the foundation pit, the interstice shall be as small as possible".
(2) Deleted: for instance, Clause 9.8.2.1 deletes " instant-type safety tong with buffer function" and other relevant contents; Clause 10.3.4 deletes " energy-storage buffer with buffering restoration" and other relevant contents.
(3) Adjusted contents: Clause 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 adjusts the available car area; Clause 9.8.2.1 adjusts the velocity interval of instant-type and inching-type safety tong; D2j) of Appendix D adjusts "rated speed" into "overhaul speed"; F5.3.1 adjusts the testing contents of "energy-storage buffer with buffering function" into the testing method of "linear energy-storage buffer".
The safety criterions stated in this code and all the requirements of the appendices offer a uniform technical base and safety requirements for constructing, installing and examining the passenger lifts and freight lifts. Pre-delivery inspection, periodic inspection as well as momentous retrofit or post-accident inspection shall not exceed the scope of this code.
Appendix A, B, C, D, F, H, J, K, L and N are standard appendixes; Appendix C, E, G, M, ZA are suggestive appendices.
This code takes effects from January 1, 2004 and substitute GB 7588-1995 in the meanwhile. From the execution date, the transition period of this code is 1 year; upon expiration of transition, GB 7588-1995 is to repeal.?
This code is brought forwards by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This code is governed by China Elevator Standardization Technical Committee. ?
This code is drafted by the Institute of Building Mechanization of China Academy of Building Research.
Drafting organization members: China Schindler Elevators Co., Ltd., Tianjin OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Shanghai Mitsubishi Elevators Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Hitachi Elevators Co., Ltd., Suzhou Schindler Elevators Co., Ltd., Shenyang Toshiba Elevators Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Xizi OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Kone Elevators Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Guangri Elevator Industry Co., Ltd., ThyssenKrupp Elevator Co., Ltd., Shanghai Toshiba Elevator Co., Ltd., Shanghai Yungtay Engineering Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou OTIS Elevators Co., Ltd., Huasheng Fujitec Elevator Co., Ltd., Suzhou Suzhou Jiangnan Elevator (Group) Co., Ltd.. ?
Main drafters: Gu Xi, Kong Hong, Zhang Guangjian, Wan Zhongpei, Ye Danyang, Zhu Jian, Xu Wengang, Jin Laisheng, Ma Lingyun, Huang Qijun, Yang Xizhi, Yan Jianzhong, Wang Weifeng, Lin Manqing, Chen Luya
6.2譯文
PLC簡介 可編程控制器是60年代末在美國首先出現(xiàn)的，當(dāng)時(shí)叫可編程邏輯控制器PLC（ProgrammableLogicController），目的是用來取代繼電器。以執(zhí)行邏輯判斷、計(jì)時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)等順序控制功能。提出PLC概念的是美國通用汽車公司。PLC的基本設(shè)計(jì)思想是把計(jì)算機(jī)功能完善、靈活、通用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)和繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的簡單易懂、操作方便、價(jià)格便宜等優(yōu)點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來，控制器的硬件是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、通用的。根據(jù)實(shí)際應(yīng)用對象，將控制內(nèi)容編成軟件寫入控制器的用戶程序存儲器內(nèi),使控制器和被控對象連接方便。
70年代中期以后，PLC已廣泛地使用微處理器作為中央處理器，輸入輸出模塊和外圍電路也都采用了中、大規(guī)模甚至超大規(guī)模的集成電路，這時(shí)的PLC已不再是僅有邏輯(Logic)判斷功能，還同時(shí)具有數(shù)據(jù)處理、PID調(diào)節(jié)和數(shù)據(jù)通信功能。國際電工委員會(huì)(IEC)頒布的可編程控制器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草案中對可編程控制器作了如下的定義：可編程控制器是一種數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子系統(tǒng)，專為在工業(yè)環(huán)境下應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)。它采用了可編程序的存儲器，用來在其內(nèi)部存儲執(zhí)行邏輯運(yùn)算，順序控制、定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)和算術(shù)運(yùn)算等操作的指令，并通過數(shù)字式和模擬式的輸入和輸出，控制各種類型的機(jī)械或生產(chǎn)過程。可編程控制器及其有關(guān)外圍設(shè)備，易于與工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)聯(lián)成一個(gè)整體，易于擴(kuò)充其功能的設(shè)計(jì)。
可編程控制器對用戶來說，是一種無觸點(diǎn)設(shè)備，改變程序即可改變生產(chǎn)工藝。目前，可編程控制器已成為工廠自動(dòng)化的強(qiáng)有力工具，得到了廣泛的普及推廣應(yīng)用。
可編程控制器是面向用戶的專用工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，具有許多明顯的特點(diǎn)。
①可靠性高，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)；
②編程直觀、簡單；
③適應(yīng)性好；
④功能完善，接口功能強(qiáng)。
1 主題內(nèi)容與適用范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了額定速度小于25 m/s的電梯曳引機(jī)技術(shù)要求和質(zhì)量要求。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于乘客電梯、病床電梯、載貨電梯用曳引機(jī)。不適用于雜物電梯和額定速度不小于2. 5 m/s的各類電梯用的曳引機(jī)。額定速度小于2. 5 m/s的各類電梯用的其他曳引機(jī)可參照執(zhí)行。
2 引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB 3768 噪聲源聲功率的測定簡易法
GB 7025 電梯主參數(shù)及轎廂、井道、機(jī)房的型式與尺寸
GB 7588 電梯制造與安裝安全規(guī)范
GB 10058 電梯技術(shù)條件
GB 10085 圓柱蝸桿傳動(dòng)基本參數(shù)
GB 10089 圓柱蝸桿、蝸輪精度
GB 12974 交流電梯電動(dòng)機(jī)通用技術(shù)條件
GB 11368 齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置清潔度
GB 191 包裝儲運(yùn)圖示標(biāo)志
3 術(shù)語
曳引機(jī)額定速度 rated speed of traction machine
對應(yīng)于轎廂額定速度的曳引輪節(jié)徑上的線速度。
曳引機(jī)額定載重量 rated load of traction machine
當(dāng)曳引比為1:1、平衡系數(shù)為0.40時(shí)，曳引輪切向曳引的轎廂額定載重量。
電梯技術(shù)條件
GBT 10058-1997
國家技術(shù)監(jiān)督局1997-12-26批準(zhǔn) 1998-10-01實(shí)施
1 范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了乘客電梯及載貨電梯的技術(shù)要求、檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則、標(biāo)志、包裝、運(yùn)輸與貯存等。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于額定速度不大于2．5m／s的電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的曳引式或強(qiáng)制式的乘客電梯和載貨電梯。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于液壓電梯和雜物電梯。?
2 引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所包含的條文，通過在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中引用而構(gòu)成為本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的條文。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版時(shí)，所示版本均為有效。所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都會(huì)被修訂，使用本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的各方應(yīng)探討使用下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最新版本的可能性。
GB 2828—87 逐批檢查計(jì)數(shù)抽樣程序及抽樣表(適用于連續(xù)批的檢查)
GB 7588—1995 電梯制造與安裝安全規(guī)范 (eqv EN 81—1：1985)
GB 8903—88 電梯用鋼絲繩 (eqv ISO 4344：1983)
GB／T 10059—1997 電梯試驗(yàn)方法
GB 10060—93 電梯安裝驗(yàn)收規(guī)范
GB／T 13435—92 電梯曳引機(jī)
JG／T 5072．1一1996 電梯T型導(dǎo)軌 (eqv ISO 7465：1983)
?
3 技術(shù)要求
3．1 基本要求
3．1．1 電梯及其所有零部件應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)正確、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、遵守機(jī)械、電氣及建筑方面的通用技術(shù)要求。
3．1．2 制造電梯的材料應(yīng)具有足夠的強(qiáng)度和合適的性能。
3．1．3 電梯整機(jī)和零部件應(yīng)具有良好的維修和保養(yǎng)，處于正常的工作狀態(tài)。
3．1．4 需要潤滑的零部件應(yīng)裝有符合要求的潤滑裝置；
3．2 電梯工作條件
a)海拔高度不超過1 000m；
b)機(jī)房內(nèi)的空氣溫度應(yīng)保持在5～40℃之間；
c)運(yùn)行地點(diǎn)的最濕月月平均最高相對濕度為90％，同時(shí)該月月平均最低溫度不高于25℃；
d)供電電壓相對于額定電壓的波動(dòng)應(yīng)在土7％的范圍內(nèi)；
e)環(huán)境空氣中不應(yīng)含有腐蝕性和易燃性氣體及導(dǎo)電塵埃存在。
3．3 整機(jī)性能
3．3．1 當(dāng)電源為額定頻率和額定電壓、電梯轎廂在50％額定載重量時(shí)，向下運(yùn)行至行程中段(除去加速和減速段)時(shí)的速度，不得大于額定速度的105％，且不得小于額定速度的92％。
3．3．2 乘客電梯起動(dòng)加速度和制動(dòng)減速度最大值均不應(yīng)大于1．5m／s2。
3．3．3 當(dāng)乘客電梯額定速度(v)為1．0m／s
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