2019-2020年高考英語 Unit15單元單詞短語句型知識(shí)梳理 大綱人教版第二冊(cè) .doc

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2019-2020年高考英語 Unit15單元單詞短語句型知識(shí)梳理 大綱人教版第二冊(cè) 單元 考查重點(diǎn)及熱點(diǎn) Unit 15 單詞 upset airline fly downtown avenue altitude guarantee gather feast dip gymanalyse chat budget rate visa arrangement passport cheque currency 短語 look into every now and then get/be tired of cool off bring up 句型 1.there be(no) to do sth. 2.虛擬條件句中if的省略 Unit 16 單詞 entry mental physical suffering greedy trader unemployment unrest sacrifice reconstruction former funeral vain eventually dawn overe insist plain resist chief afterwards widespread rot wildlife supply chain willing 短語 in vain take a chance leave alone insist on as a result put out on sale in turn grow up take away in honour of keep in touch with cut off die out have an effect on give up make use of 句型 1.ever since...從那以后(一直) 2.see表示“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、目睹”。 他提供房子作為擔(dān)保。 Money is no guarantee of happiness. 金錢并非幸福的保證。 This refrigerator is guaranteed for five years. 這個(gè)冰箱保用5年。 He guaranteed this machine to work for five years. 他保證此機(jī)器可運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)5年。 短語look into every now and then get/be tired of cool off bring up 句型 1.there be(no) to do sth. 2.虛擬條件句中if的省略 Unit 16單詞entry mental physical suffering greedy trader unemployment unrest sacrifice reconstruction former funeral vain eventually dawn overe insist plain resist chief afterwards widespread rot wildlife supply chain willing短語in vain take a chance leave alone insist on as a result put out on sale in turn grow up take away in honour of keep in touch with cut off die out have an effect on give up make use of 句型 1.ever since...從那以后(一直) 2.see表示“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、目睹”。 鏈接提示 (1)guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保證某人某物 (2)guarantee to do sth.保證做某事 (3)guarantee that...保證…… 練:He_____________ to give me a higher pay,so I had to leave this pany. A.guaranteed B.asked C.provided D.applied 提示:從“必須辭職”來看，給高工資已經(jīng)得到保證。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A 2.avoid 講：vt.避免；防止；回避；避開；躲避 avoid后如需要接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用動(dòng)名詞，不可用動(dòng)詞不定式。 例:They narrowly avoided defeat in the semi-final. 他們?cè)诎霙Q賽中勉強(qiáng)躲過一劫。 They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. 他們建了一堵墻防止水土流失。 A single woman should avoid walking on dark streets at night. 單身女子應(yīng)該避免夜間在黑暗的街道上走路。 鏈接提示 (1)fail to do sth.沒有(沒能)做成…… Never fail to write to me.一定要給我寫信。 (2)miss doing錯(cuò)過做……；躲過 The child just missed being hit by the car. 這孩子差一會(huì)兒就被車撞了。 (3)escape doing逃離(災(zāi)難) He escaped from being punished. 練:With a little more care you____________ this traffic accident. A.could avoid B.would avoid C.could have avoided D.must have avoided 提示:本句話的意思為“如果你再小心些，你就能避免這次交通事故”。could have done表示“過去能夠做某事，實(shí)際上沒做成”。 答案:C 短語 1.look into 調(diào)查；審查；檢查；朝……里面看 例:A working party has been set up to look into the problem. 已成立一個(gè)工作小組來調(diào)查這個(gè)問題。 鏈接提示 (1)look out(for)注意；當(dāng)心；提防 (2)look through 翻閱；看一遍 (3)look on...as 把……看作；認(rèn)為 (4)look forward to 盼望 (5)look down upon/on 看不起 (6)look as if 看起來(似乎) (7)look like 看起來像 練:(1)The detective and his assistant have begun to______________ the mysterious murder. A.look into B.see to C.make over De through 提示:look into意為“調(diào)查”，see to“辦理，照管”，make over“轉(zhuǎn)讓，改造”，e through“傳來”。句意為:偵探和他的助手已經(jīng)開始調(diào)查這個(gè)神秘的謀殺案，故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A (2)(xx湖南高考)—_______________ for the glass! —It’s OK.I’m wearing shoes. A.Look out B.Walk out C.Go out D.Set out 提示:從句意看，應(yīng)該選A項(xiàng)。look out有“小心”之意。 答案:A (3)You shouldn’t_______________ your disabled sister.You should help and look after her. A.play with B.look down C.study with D.look down upon 提示:本題考查在語境中使用動(dòng)詞短語的能力。第二句表明應(yīng)該對(duì)她關(guān)心、幫助，而A、C兩項(xiàng)在語意上恰恰與其相反，故排除。look down upon意為“歧視;看不起”,其中down或upon都不可省略。 答案:D 2.get/be tired of sth./doing sth. 對(duì)某事感到厭煩/厭倦；對(duì)做某事感到厭煩/厭倦 例:She was tired of hearing about their trip to India. 她聽膩了他們的印度之行。 I’m sick and tired of all the arguments. 我對(duì)這些爭(zhēng)論厭煩透了。 鏈接提示 (1)never tire of doing sth.不厭其煩地做 He went to Harvard—as he never tires of reminding us. 他上過哈佛——他就這樣不厭其煩地一再提醒我們。 (2)tire of sth./sb.對(duì)……感到厭倦；對(duì)……感到膩煩 They soon tired of the beach and went for a walk. 他們很快對(duì)海灘感到膩煩了，便去散步。 (3)tire sb./oneself out使感到筋疲力盡；感到疲憊 She was tired out by her journey. 這次旅行把她累壞了。 練:(1)Won’t you stop talking?I___________________ listening to your nonsense. A.am interested in B.am tired with C.am considering D.am tired of 提示:依據(jù)上文表達(dá)的意思，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D (2)—I’m tired,Dad. —Tired?_________________? A.For which B.For what C.From which D.Of what 提示:選項(xiàng)為省略句，補(bǔ)全為“ are you tired of?”。從句意看，應(yīng)該使用疑問詞what。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 句型 1.there be(no)need to do sth. 講:注意觀察下面教材原句: But there is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你從前沒滑過雪，不必?fù)?dān)心。 need用作名詞，作“需要；必須”講時(shí)，可以用于need for sth.或need for sb./sth.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，構(gòu)成“There is(no)need(for sb.)to do sth.(沒)有必要做某事”或“sb.have(no)need to do sth.某人(沒)有必要做某事”。 例:There is an urgent need for qualified teachers. 迫切需要合格教師。 There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow. 你每天不必早起。 鏈接提示 (1)在there is no need(for sb.)to do sth.中，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(for sb.)to do sth.用作后置定語，不可用動(dòng)名詞。 (2)在It’s no need/no use/no good doing sth.中，動(dòng)名詞短語用作主語，不可用動(dòng)詞不定式。 (3)be in need of需要 The house is in need of a thorough clean. 這房子需要來個(gè)大掃除。 練:(1)They say is no need to worry if you have never sung before. A.it B.there C.that D.what 提示:考查句型there is no need to do sth.。 答案:B (2)When the Chinese international rescuers arrived in Pakistan,they found the people suffering from the earthquake food and water supplies. A.in desperate need of B.in place of C.in honor of D.in want 提示:句意為:當(dāng)中國(guó)國(guó)際救援人員到達(dá)巴基斯坦時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)地震災(zāi)區(qū)的人們急需食物和飲用水供應(yīng)。in place of代替；頂替；in honour of向……表示敬意；in want of=in need of。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A 2.虛擬條件句中if的省略 講:注意觀察下面教材原句: Should you have enough energy left after a day on the slopes,you can take a dip in the pool,... 經(jīng)過一天的滑雪，如果你還有足夠的精力的話，那么你可以去水池里游一游，…… Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer,you might want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你感到有迫切的愿望去打點(diǎn)行李，探索世界之精彩，你可能考慮下列目的地中的一個(gè)。 以上句子中should開頭的句子是省略if的虛擬條件從句。 例:Should it rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. =If it should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，會(huì)議就延期。 Patience is bitter,but its fruit is sweet.忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果實(shí)是甜蜜的。 鏈接提示 虛擬條件句中if的省略: (1)當(dāng)虛擬條件句中含有were,had,should等詞時(shí)，可以將if省略，同時(shí)把were,had,should等詞置于句首。此句型一般用于書面語。 Were it not for the sun(=If it were not for the sun),nothing could exist on the earth. 如果沒有太陽，世界上將什么也不存在。 Had they not helped us(=If they had not helped us),we wouldn’t have succeeded. 如果沒有他的幫助，我們就不會(huì)成功。 Should it rain tomorrow(=If it should tomorrow),what would you do? 如果明天下雨，你們?cè)趺崔k？ (2)虛擬條件從句沒有were,had 或should等助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能通過添加did的方式構(gòu)成倒裝。 正確:If he smoked less,he wouldn’t cough so much. 如果他少抽點(diǎn)煙，就不會(huì)咳嗽得這樣厲害。 錯(cuò)誤:Did he smoke less,he wouldn’t cough so much. 練:(1) the chance arise,I’d love to go to Beijing. A.Would B.Should C.Shall D.Can 提示:本題考查虛擬條件句中省略if的用法。句意為:假如有機(jī)會(huì)，我就去北京。 答案:B (2) for the timely investment from the general public,our pany would not be so thriving(興旺的)as it is. A.Had it not been B.Were it not C.Be it not D.Should it not be 提示:從句意來看，條件句表示的是與過去相反的假設(shè)，主句表示與現(xiàn)在相反的事實(shí)。這種虛擬句叫做“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”。故選A項(xiàng)。條件句補(bǔ)上if，就成為if it had not been for the timely investment from general public。 答案:A 辨析 1.be known as,be known for,be known by,be known to (1)be known as意為:作為……知名；被稱作是；大家公認(rèn)為；叫作。as后接表示“身份”的名詞。 (2)be know for意為:因……而出名；因……而眾所周知。for后接表示“原因”的詞。 (3)be known by意為:憑……而知。by表示手段或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，作“通過、按照”講。 (4)be known to意為:為……所周知；為……所熟知。介詞to后的名詞或代詞為“知情者”，不可以用by。 即時(shí)練習(xí): 用as，for，by或to填空 (1)Copacabana,also known________________ the “Princess of the Sea”,has just celebrated its one hundredth birthday and is more beautiful than ever. (2)The festival,known_______________ Carnival,is one of the world’s most famous and attracts visitors from all over the world. (3)There are plenty of easier slopes and Kitzbuhel is well known____________ its many ski school. (4)Today,the South is known______________ its friendly atmosphere. (5)One can be known___________ his words and deeds. (6)He is known _________ everyone____________ a good doctor. (7)It is known_______________ us that China is a developing country. (8)The man is known______________ the persons he makes friends with. 答案:(1)as (2)as (3)for (4)for (5)by(6)to;as (7)to (8)by 2.know,know of know sth.與know of sth.的區(qū)別在于:know sth.表示直接“認(rèn)識(shí)”或“知道”某事物；而know of sth.表示“得知，了解，聽說過”。 即時(shí)練習(xí): (1)While they are my neighbours,I do not_________________ them well. (2)I don’t know him but I_______________________ him. (3)A teacher,above all,should_______________ how to deal with the problems taking place in class correctly. (4)Do you____________________ anyone here who is able to speak several foreign languages? (5)I______________ her,but I do not _________ her personally. 答案:(1)know (2)know of (3)know (4)know of (5)know of;know 誘思：實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥 第十五和第十六單元的語法是非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞是每年高考中必考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，xx年全國(guó)高考題及各省市高考題和xx年春季上海高考題中考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的單項(xiàng)選擇題共有30多道，由此可見非謂語動(dòng)詞在高考中的重要性。因此，同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)中要對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法，特別是它們的不同點(diǎn)，要認(rèn)真、細(xì)致地比較、牢記、掌握。 【例1】(xx上海春季高考)The parents suggested_____________________ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A.sleep B.to sleep C.sleeping D.having slept 提示:suggest后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，從時(shí)間關(guān)系看，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞的一般式。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案:C 【例2】(xx上海春季高考)There are hundreds of visitors _________ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait 提示:根據(jù)句型there be sb.doing...確定C項(xiàng)正確。 答案:C 【例3】(xx上海春季高考)________________the employees working efficiency,the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break. A.Improving B.To improve C.Having improved D.Improved 提示:動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。 答案:B 【例4】(xx上海春季高考)In the dream Peter saw himself___________________ by a fierce wolf,and he woke suddenly with a start. A.chased B.to be chased C.be chased D.having been chased 提示:賓語himself與chase之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。 答案:A