2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣》教案 新人教版.doc

《2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣》教案 新人教版.doc》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣》教案 新人教版.doc（8頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣》教案 新人教版 一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 考點(diǎn)一　can和could的用法 1．表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那樣的蠢事呢？ 2．表示可能性，意為“可能，有時(shí)會(huì)”。can和could沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的差異，只是could不太肯定。 Jogging can be harmful to the health.慢跑可能會(huì)對(duì)健康有害 Accidents can/could happen on such rainy days. 這樣的多雨天氣可能會(huì)發(fā)生交通事故。(客觀的可能性) 3．can用于否定句，意為“應(yīng)該不是，不可能”。 I think its all right. She cant make a mistake. 我想應(yīng)該沒(méi)事，她不可能犯錯(cuò)誤。 4．cannot...too/enough表示“無(wú)論……也不過(guò)分”；“越……越好”。 You cant be too careful while driving. 開(kāi)車時(shí)越小心越好。 You cannot remember enough English words. 你記的英語(yǔ)單詞越多越好。 5．cannot but＋do sth.表示“不得不，只好”。 I couldnt but choose to go. 我只好去。 根據(jù)句意可知答案為B。 考點(diǎn)二　may和might的用法 may和might表示“許可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意義。 1．表示許可。May I e in? Might I borrow your puter? 2．表示可能性。 may和might表示可能性時(shí)，可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。 Peter may e with us tonight, but he isnt sure yet. 彼得今晚可能和我們一起來(lái)，但他還沒(méi)確定。(實(shí)際可能性，不用can) 3．“may as well＋動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”。 You may as well do it at once. We may as well stay where we are. 4．may作“可以”講時(shí)，其否定式常用mustnt表示“禁止”；must作“必須”講時(shí)，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。 —May I use your car? —No, you mustnt.(委婉的拒絕可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)不，你不可以。 考點(diǎn)三　must的用法 1．表示義務(wù)，意為“必須”(主觀意志)。 We must do everything step by step. 在這種用法中must表示出于主觀意識(shí)而必須要做某事，have to表示由于某種客觀原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 I have to go now for Ive got a meeting 15 minutes later. 注意：回答以must引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句時(shí)，若是否定回答，不可以用mustnt而用neednt或是dont have to，因?yàn)閙ustnt意思是“絕不能，一定不要”，而沒(méi)有“不必”的意思。 —Must we hand in our exercises today? —Yes, you must. 是的，必須交。(肯定回答) /—No, you neednt (you dont have to)． 不，不必今天交。(否定回答) —Must I work out the problem tonight? —No, you neednt. 2．表示猜測(cè)、推測(cè)。 must常用于肯定句中表示猜測(cè)。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的事進(jìn)行猜測(cè)時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行猜測(cè)時(shí)，后接have＋過(guò)去分詞。) He must be ill. He looks so pale. I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 3．表示禁止(用于否定句)。 Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 4．表示“偏執(zhí)”，“固執(zhí)”。 Must you make so much noise? If you must smoke, please go out. 考點(diǎn)四　shall的用法 1．第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。 Shall we begin our class? Shall the driver wait outside? 2．第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 考點(diǎn)五　will和would的用法 1．表示自愿做或主動(dòng)提出做什么，如意志、愿望或決定等。 would用于過(guò)去的情況。 —Can someone fetch some water? —I will. 2．與you連用表示請(qǐng)求或要求：用wont you強(qiáng)調(diào)邀請(qǐng)的語(yǔ)氣。would比will更客氣、委婉。 Would you mind opening the window for me? 3．will表示規(guī)律性的“注定會(huì)”。 You will regret forever if you lose the chance. 如果失去這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)你會(huì)后悔一輩子的。 考點(diǎn)六　need和dare的用法 need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于各種句式。 1.做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞You neednt telephone him now. She dare not go out alone at night. 2．用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 You dont need to do it yourself. The table needs painting (to be painted)． We should dare to give our own opinion. He did not dare to look up. 可知，空白處填Need。答句意為“還需要問(wèn)嗎？當(dāng)然是蒂姆了。” 考點(diǎn)七　used to和would 1．表示過(guò)去重復(fù)、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作時(shí)，used to可用would代替。 He would sit at the door waiting for his son ing back. 2．used to強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比，would則沒(méi)這個(gè)意思。 He used to get up early. 他以前常常起得很早。(他現(xiàn)在不早起了) 3．表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)，只能用used to，不可以用would。 There used to be a tree in my yard. 考點(diǎn)八　could/might/would/should表委婉的功能 —Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning? —Yes, you can/may.(否定：No, Im afraid not.) 好，你可以(用)。(不，恐怕不行。) 不可說(shuō)：Yes, you could/might.回答允許時(shí)，用could/might表委婉是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? —Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes, of course you can. Would you do me a favor? 考點(diǎn)九　“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”的用法 1．must have done 此結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)，意為“一定，肯定”。其否定或疑問(wèn)形式用cant，而不用mustnt。 He must have been drunk to say that. 他準(zhǔn)是喝醉了才那樣說(shuō)的。 2．should＋have done 表示本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做，其否定式“shouldnt have done”表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。 I think he should have tried to get more qualifications before applying for the job. 我認(rèn)為他在申請(qǐng)這份工作之前應(yīng)首先努力取得更多的資格證明。 3．can (could)＋have done 肯定式表示本來(lái)可以做而實(shí)際上未能做某事，疑問(wèn)或否定形式表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。 You could have told me you were going to be late. 4．may (might)＋have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去(將來(lái))發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)，表示可能干了某事。 Who knows what will happen? You may even have married by then. 誰(shuí)知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？到那時(shí)你甚至可能已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了。 5．ought to＋have done 表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做，其否定式是“ought not to＋不定式完成式”，此時(shí)ought to可與should換用。 What you ought to have done is call the police. 6．neednt＋have done 表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事。 Terence has done so little work; he neednt have bothered to e to school today. 特倫斯幾乎沒(méi)做什么功課，他今天其實(shí)就不用來(lái)學(xué)校。 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 考點(diǎn)一　虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于狀語(yǔ)從句中 1．虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于非真實(shí)條件句 條件從句 主句 例句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be的形式一律用were) I (we，you，he，she，it，they)＋would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形 If he were indoors, he wouldnt feel so cold. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 If I (we，you，he，she，it，they) had＋過(guò)去分詞 I (we，you，he，she，it，they)＋would/should/could/might＋have done If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 A式：If＋主語(yǔ)＋一般過(guò)去時(shí) B式：If＋主語(yǔ)＋were to do C式：If＋主語(yǔ)＋should do I (we，do，he，she，it，they) would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形 A：If he were here this evening, we would play cards. B：If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy. C：If she should know it, she would tell me. 2．虛擬條件句和主句動(dòng)作如發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式，這種句子叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。 If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)昨晚那部電影了。(現(xiàn)在→過(guò)去) If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 要是他們一大早離開(kāi)家的話，再過(guò)半個(gè)小時(shí)就該到了。(過(guò)去→將來(lái)) 3．蓄虛擬條件句，有時(shí)虛擬條件不用從句，而是通過(guò)上下文或用介詞短語(yǔ)等表示出來(lái)，常用的介詞有with，without，but for等。 But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded. Without electricity life would be quite different today. [考題印證] I ________ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available. A．went B．had gone C．would go D．would have gone 考點(diǎn)二　虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于名詞性從句中 1．用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 (1)wish后面所跟賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或were 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：wish＋主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞 表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：wish＋主語(yǔ)＋would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形 I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. How I wish I had listened to my parents advice! How I wish it werent raining now. [考題印證] —Lets play football together tomorrow afternoon. —OK, but how I wish I________ it as skillfully as you. A．played B．have played C．had played D．will play (2)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. (3)在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為： would rather sb.＋ I would rather they didnt hear of the news. I would rather you hadnt told him the news yet. 2．用于主語(yǔ)從句中。 It is desired/suggested/proposed/remended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. It is strange that he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be之前發(fā)生，所以要用“should have acted”)真奇怪他竟然那樣對(duì)他父母。 [考題印證] Its strongly suggested that measures ________ students to cheat in the exams. A．be taken to prevent B．be taken to forbid C．a(chǎn)re taken to prevent D．a(chǎn)re taken to forbid 3．用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。 在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing. 4. 當(dāng)insist表“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，認(rèn)為”、suggest 表“暗示，表明”、advice 表“通知，告知”這些特殊意思時(shí)，從句中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 His pale face suggested that he was ill, so his mother suggested he go to hospital. They advised that the goods had arrived and advised we should take them away as soon as possible. 考點(diǎn)三　特殊句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1．it is (high/about) time (that)．..句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 句型“it is (high/about) time (that)．..”后面也可跟虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句中常用過(guò)去式。有時(shí)也用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“該是……的時(shí)候了”。 It is time (that) we went home. Its high time that we ________ ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement. A．hae devoted B．devoted C．a(chǎn)re devoting D．had devoted 2．if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 在“if only”引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望。用過(guò)去時(shí)或“would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。 If only I had not been ill last week! 3．a(chǎn)s if從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 as if從句中，看語(yǔ)境是否與事實(shí)相反而選擇是否使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It looks as if its going to rain. The kid talks as if he were a grownup. [考題印證] Dont handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel. A．is B．were C．has been D. had been