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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 專題一 第4課時 順藤摸瓜-明辨詞義猜測類題目練習(xí) 體裁：說明文　話題：項目介紹　詞數(shù)：300　時間：6′ (xx新課標全國卷Ⅰ，C)Salvador Dali (1904－1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities. The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (無限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion ing in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum－theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida. 【語篇解讀】　這篇短文主要介紹了現(xiàn)代著名藝術(shù)家Dali的作品風(fēng)格及the world of Dali中的展品情況。 1.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1? A.Optimistic. B.Productive. C.Generous. D.Traditional. 答案　B　[推理判斷題。短文首段介紹了藝術(shù)家Dali的作品。由“...with an exhibition bring together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.”一句可知，Dali的作品眾多，是一個多產(chǎn)畫家。故答案為B。] 2.What is Dalis The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A.One of his masterworks. B.A successful screen adaptation. C.An artistic creation for the stage. D.One of the best TV programmes. 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“...the visitors will find the best pieces，most importantly the Persistence of Memory”可知，該作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推斷它是Dali的杰作之一。] 3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? A.By popularity. B.By importance. C.By size and shape. D.By time and subject. 答案　D　[事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段末句中的“...follows a path of time and subject.”可知，Dali的作品是按時間和主題進行布展的。答案選D。] 4.What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A.Artworks. B.Projects. C.Donations. D.Documents. 答案　A　[詞義猜測題。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要來源于兩個途徑：一是與馬德里的一家藝術(shù)館密切合作；一是靠像Salvador Dali Museum這樣的機構(gòu)的捐贈。聯(lián)系全文大意及前一分句不難推測其它機構(gòu)捐贈的是藝術(shù)作品。因此答案為A。] 體裁：記敘文　話題：享受生活　詞數(shù)：330　時間：7′ (xx四川卷，B)Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on disability for a bad back，he bought a small farm in the country，just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables，fruit trees and even kept bees for honey. And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we plained about the terrible smell，Dad said the stronger the manure，the healthier the crops，and he was right.For example，just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell，and the taste was even sweeter. As the vegetables started ing in，Dad threw himself into cooking.One day，armed with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew(燉菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages，eggplants，potatoes，corns，onions and carrots.For about half an hour，the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally，Dad turned off the stove，the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dads pile of chicken manure was bad，this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid，the smell nearly knocked us out. Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak! Determined，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didnt offend the nose so much，either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking petition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要講述了作者的父親買了一個小農(nóng)場，在里面種滿了各種蔬菜、果樹甚至還養(yǎng)了蜜蜂。但作者的父親收獲的時候，他燉了一鍋蔬菜，聞到味道時，作者和其他人覺得燒得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。 5.Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgins chicken house regularly? A.To earn some money for the family. B.To collect manure for his crops. C.To get rid of the terrible smell. D.To set a good example to us. 答案　B　[細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)文章第一段的And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).可知是為了收集肥料。] 6.What can we infer about Dads stew? A.It is popular among the neighbors. B.It contains honey and vegetables. C.It looks very wonderful. D.It tastes quite delicious. 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的 we drank up every last drop of soup.可知選擇D。意為父親的燉菜非常美味。] 7.What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean? A.To attract. B.To upset. C.To air. D.To shut. 答案　B　[詞義判斷題。根據(jù)文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知，此處指的是鼻子聞不到那種味道，意為攪亂。] 8.What can we learn about Dad from the text? A.He is an experienced cook. B.He is a troublesome father. C.He has a positive attitude to life. D.He suffers a lot from his disability. 答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容可知，父親在背部受傷后，不愿意休息，而是自己經(jīng)營著小農(nóng)場，而且在收獲后，還自己種菜。可知父親對生活有著積極的態(tài)度。] Passage 3 體裁：說明文　話題：環(huán)境與自然　詞數(shù)：298　時間：6′ (xx新課標全國卷Ⅰ，B)Passenger pigeons(旅鴿)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons－a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already bee smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an ever－lasting supply and killed them by the thousandsmercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood，which scattered(驅(qū)散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again. In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1，1914. 【語篇解讀】　本文敘述了旅鴿逐漸消失的過程。 9.In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________. A.were the biggest bird in the world B.lived mainly in the south of America C.did great harm to the natural environment D.were the largest bird population in the US 答案　D　[事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段所述在18和19世紀，美國大群的旅鴿飛起來可以遮住天空幾個小時，所以美國旅鴿的數(shù)量是最大的，故選D。] 10.The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons ________. A.escape B.ruin C.liberation D.evolution 答案　B　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“where the birds were abundant...by the thousands”可知旅鴿遭到捕殺，所以ruin和undoing詞義相似，故選B。] 11.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A.To seek pleasure. B.To save other birds. C.To make money. D.To protect crops. 答案　C　[事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“mercial hunters attracted them...sold in restaurants”可知旅鴿遭到捕殺的主要原因是捕殺者要賺錢。故選C。] 12.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A.It was ignored by the public. B.It was declared too late. C.It was unfair. D.It was strict. 答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of...for 10 years”可知通過法律后的10年，鴿群數(shù)量仍然不多，所以制定法律為時已晚，故選B。] Passage 4 體裁：記敘文　話題：社會生活　詞數(shù)：251　時間：5′ (xx重慶卷，D)One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest，the next，the air was charged with tension.The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.I urged the elephant deeper into the forest.We sounded like a forest fire－crackling，snapping，trailblazing.But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry.The elephant stopped and we heard it again－the tell－tale call of a spotted deer. I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest.Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches，beneath which the patchwork (交錯) of green plants and shadows－within－shadows would make tiger stripes (條紋) look more attractive.Apart from an occasional noise from the elephants stomach，the forest was silent. Gradually，the tension slipped from our bodies.The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephants neck；there was a soft part，free of wrinkles and hairs，behind her ear. This was my fourth time to__sense__the__aura of the forest in Corbett，although I saw no tigers in the end.Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers，but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出沒處)，a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity.Still，I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear.If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger，I could have gone to a zoo.After all，spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者在森林里追蹤尋找孟加拉虎的經(jīng)歷。 13.Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm? A.The elephant stopped. B.A spotted deer called. C.The elephant seized a branch. D.The forest was silent for a while. 答案　B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知我們聽到的尖銳的警報聲來自一只梅花鹿，故選B。] 14.The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by ________. A.describing various sounds Bparing different animals C.listing different activities D.introducing various plants 答案　A　[寫作手法題。根據(jù)第一段可知，作者在森林里聽到了各種各樣的聲音，因此作者是通過描述各種聲音來展開敘述的，應(yīng)選A。] 15.What does the underlined part“to sense the aura”most probably mean? A.To see the diversity. B.To enjoy the scenery. C.To feel the atmosphere. D.To experience the freedom. 答案　C　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章可知作者聽到了各種聲音，之后森林回歸平靜，逐漸地我們的緊張也消失不見了，大象也變得安靜了。盡管我沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)老虎，但是我依然感覺到了這種緊張后平靜的氛圍，故選C。] 16.How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett? A.Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling. B.It is very time－consuming to travel in Corbett. C.It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett. D.The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing. 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話可知，我本可以在公園里看到老虎，但是追蹤孟加拉虎使我感知更多的東西，所以這個過程是非常吸引人的，故選D。] Passage 5 體裁：說明文　話題：科普知識　詞數(shù)：237　時間：6′ (xx四川卷，D)With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture，it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes；it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣).Obviously，students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting(警報)systems，this governs the sleep/ wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour.Typically，the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents，which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the“night owl”schedule of sleep. This is opposed to the“early bird”schedule，and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings.Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as“night owls”and only 10 percent can be classified as“early birds”－the other 70 percent are in the middle.Although this is clearly not true for all students，for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday. 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇議論文。每個人都有屬于自己的生物鐘。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：由于某些人的睡眠周期不能與日常事務(wù)很好地協(xié)調(diào)，從而造成睡眠紊亂。有相當(dāng)一部分人成了半夜不睡覺早晨起不了床的“夜貓子”。 17.What does the author stress in Paragraph 1? A.Many students are absent from class. B.Students are very tired on Monday mornings. C.Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. D.Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. 答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。本段最后一句話對以上所述進行總結(jié)，也是本段的大意。由此可知C項正確。] 18.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2? A.Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. B.Students dont sleep well because of alerting systems. C.Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. D.Adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred pattern. 答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Typically，the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents...”一句可知答案為D。] 19. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“classified”？ A.Criticised. B.Grouped. C.Organised. D.Named. 答案　B　[詞義猜測題。畫線單詞所在句子的意思是“研究結(jié)果表明大約有20%的人可以劃分到‘夜貓子’這一類，10%的人可以劃分到‘早起的鳥兒’這一類”。因為將其歸為“夜貓子”和“早起的鳥兒”，所以本詞與classify“歸類，分類”一詞意思最為接近。] 20.What does the text mainly talk about? A.Functions of the body clock. B.The“night owl”phenomenon. C.Human beings sleep behaviour. D.The school schedule of“early birds”. 答案　B　[主旨大意題。短文開篇就描述了“夜貓子”現(xiàn)象，然后從生物學(xué)角度進行分析，接下來又與“早起的鳥兒”進行對比說明。因此答案為B。] 題組二　嘗試模擬 Passage 1 體裁：議論文　話題：兒童肥胖　詞數(shù)：287　時間：6′ (xx陜西咸陽一模，B)With the development of society，the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before.However，every coin has two sides.Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse，according to the statistics.I feel there are a number of reasons for this. Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods，such as fried chicken and ice cream，at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown－ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less take－away food. There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to bee overweight.I agree to this，because good eating habits begin early in life，long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food，or are always allowed to choose what they eat，they will go for sweet and salty foods every time，and this will carry on throughout their lives. There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get home，they sit in front of the television or their puters.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣)，but it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports. The above are the main reasons for this problem，and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active，as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits. 【語篇解讀】　本文為議論文。題材為兒童肥胖問題。本文作者闡述了造成兒童肥胖問題的原因并提出了解決問題的方法。 1.What is suggested by the author to deal with “overweight”？ A.Blaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods. B.Asking young children to walk to school every day. C.Living an active life and removing bad eating habits. D.Not watching TV or playing puter games after school. 答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知作者對于肥胖所給出的建議是：鼓勵年輕人要更活躍，并指導(dǎo)他們改掉一些不好的飲食習(xí)慣，故答案為C項。] 2.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? 答案　B　[推理判斷題。第一段是中心段，提出了兒童肥胖問題；第二至四段分別給出了導(dǎo)致肥胖的原因；第五段總結(jié)并提出建議。] 3.The author writes the passage to ________. A.show people a social problem B.provide facts for government C.advise solutions to a problem Dpare opinions with people 答案　C　[推理判斷題。作者介紹了造成兒童肥胖的原因，然后又給出了解決兒童肥胖問題的方法，旨在給人們提出建議，故答案為C項。] 4.The underlined word “diversified” in the first paragraph most probably means ________. A.various B.difficult C.expensive D.available 答案　A　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)常識可知：隨著社會的發(fā)展，兒童食品、飲品種類越來越多樣化，故答案為A項。] Passage 2 體裁：記敘文　話題：人物傳記　詞數(shù)：306　時間：6′ (xx山東青島高三一模)Historians usually just study great things that happened in the past time，but Drew Faust has made history! On February 11，xx，F(xiàn)aust was named president of Harvard University.She is the first woman to hold the position in the schools 371－year history.“I am a historian，” she said.“Ive spent a lot of time thinking about the past，and about how it shapes the future.No university in the country，perhaps the world，has as remarkable a past as Harvard has.” “And our mon enterprise is to make Harvards future even more remarkable than its past.That will mean recognizing and building on what we already do well.It will also mean recognizing what we dont do as well as we should，and not being satisfied until we find ways to do better.” It is her great desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas that have given Drew success in a world controlled by men.“This is a mans world，my girl，and the sooner you learn that，the better off youll be.” Drew Faust recalls her mother telling her this when she was young，but she didnt buy it. Faust grew up in a well－off family in Virginias Shenandoah Valley in the 1950s.Even then，she was a trailblazer(先驅(qū)).A conversation with her familys black handyman (零工) and driver inspired her to write a letter，on school notebook paper，to President Dwight Eisenhower.She asked that he help bring US citizens together in the south，a much divided part of the country at the time.“Drew Faust is a historian with her eyes on the future，” said Susan Graham，a professor of Harvard.Many of the universitys schools said that they believe Harvard will have a brighter future under the leadership of Drew Faust. 【語篇解讀】　本文為記敘文。題材為人物傳記。歷史學(xué)家經(jīng)常研究過去發(fā)生的重大事件，但歷史學(xué)家德魯福斯特卻創(chuàng)造了歷史，她成為了哈佛大學(xué)371年歷史中的第一位女校長。此外在管理哈佛大學(xué)方面，她還有自己獨特的理念。 5.Why does the writer say Drew Faust has made history? A.Because she is a historian. B.Because she was president of Harvard University. C.Because she was the first woman to be president of Harvard University. D.Because Harvard has a remarkable past. 答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。第一段首句作者提到德魯福斯特創(chuàng)造了歷史，然后在第二、三句解釋了原因，即在2007年2月11日，她被任命為哈佛大學(xué)的校長并且是在哈佛371年歷史中第一位女校長，故答案為C項。] 6.What do we know about historians? A.They usually study great things that happened in the past. B.They are usually presidents of universities. C.They are usually born in well－off families. D.They are usually women. 答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Historians usually just study great things that happened in the past time”可知本題答案為A項。] 7.What does the underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph mean? A.Accept. B.Expect. C.Purchase. D.Afford. 答案　A　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上句德魯?shù)哪赣H勸告女兒的話，再結(jié)合德魯以后的成就可推知，德魯并沒有接受母親的勸告。故答案為A項。] 8.What did her mother mean by saying “This is a mans world，my girl...”？ A.To encourage her to do a mans work. B.To tell her to do things as a girl should do. C.To ask her to be well－off. D.To expect her to be a historian. 答案　B　[推理判斷題。從下文德魯并沒有接受母親的勸告可知母親當(dāng)時在告訴女兒不應(yīng)該做男人做的事情，應(yīng)該做女孩兒應(yīng)該做的事情。故答案為B項。] 9.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.Faust was born in the north of the US. B.She wrote a letter to President Eisenhower when she became president of Harvard. C.Fausts desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas have given her success. D.Historians just care about great things that happened in the past. 答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“It is her great desire for improvement and willingness to try out new