2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 名詞、冠詞易錯(cuò)題練習(xí).doc

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2019中考英語：名詞、冠詞易錯(cuò)題練習(xí) 一、典型易錯(cuò)名詞考題分析 1. _______ fathers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Ann’s B. Peter’s and Ann’s C. Peter’s and Ann D. Peter and Ann 【解析】此題容易誤選A或C。錯(cuò)誤的原因是由于受思維定勢(shì)的影響。平時(shí)考生們做多了“This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. ”這樣的題，那么一看到這樣的題就想到只是在后面一個(gè)單詞后面用所有格。其實(shí)，到底用一個(gè)所有格，還是用兩個(gè)所有格，取決于它們所修飾的名詞：如果所修飾的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，就只在后面一個(gè)名詞后面用所有格；如果所修飾的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，就兩個(gè)名詞都用所有格。正確答案為B。 2. There are a lot _______ people today than yesterday. A. of B. / C. most D. more 【解析】此題容易誤選A。有不少考生因受“ a lot of +名詞”這一思維定勢(shì)的影響，一看到a lot，就選擇了A。其實(shí)，該句中的a lot是用來修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)more的，than引導(dǎo)的是比較狀語從句。正確答案為D。 3. “Excuse me, are you _______? ” “No, we are _______. ” A. American, Englishman B. American, Germans C. American, Germen D. Englishman, Americans 【解析】先從詞性來看，American 和 German 既可以用作名詞也可以用作形容詞，用作名詞時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式分別為Americans 和 Germans；選項(xiàng)中的Englishman只能用作名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是Englishmen。先看第一空：如果單從Excuse me, are you _______?來看，要是填Englishman，就應(yīng)該在其前加不定冠詞，即說成Excuse me, are you an Englishman? 但是，根據(jù)答語中的 we are…可知，問句中的you 其實(shí)是指“你”，而是指“你們”，所以如果用Englishman，就應(yīng)換成 Englishmen 才對(duì)。由此可排除選項(xiàng)D。再看第二空：由于German的復(fù)數(shù)是Germans，不是Germen，由此可確定C錯(cuò)誤；再根據(jù)we are…可知，其后若用名詞Englishman，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)Englishmen，而不能是單數(shù)，所以排除A。所以此題答案為B。 4. My class teacher has given me lots of ___________. They’re very useful. A. information B. advice C. suggestions D. news 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)?！拔业陌嘀魅谓o了我很多有用的建議?！贝祟}易誤選B. advice 勸告，忠告，建議。語義上貌似說得通，但是后面有They’re ，主謂為復(fù)數(shù)概念，排除。正確答案為C. suggestions建議。另外 information 信息，news 消息，新聞均為不可數(shù)名詞。 5. _______ damage was done by the flood. A. A great deal B. A large number of C. A large amount of D. A plenty of 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)?！昂樗斐闪撕艽蟮奈：??！贝祟}容易誤選。首先抓住damage這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，它作名詞時(shí)不可數(shù)，“損害，破壞”。A. A great deal 少了一個(gè)介詞of, 不完整。 B. A large number of ，許多的，大量的，相當(dāng)于many和a number of ，直接修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。C. A large amount of 許多的，大量的，相當(dāng)于much和an amount of ，只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。D. A plenty of 不存在，正確形式為plenty of 充足的，大量的，相當(dāng)于 a lot of 和lots of ，比較廣泛，修飾所有名詞。正確答案為C。 7. Larry is dreaming of being an __________ like Tom Cruise. (act) 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。“拉里想成為像Tom Cruise一樣的一名演員。”此題易出現(xiàn)誤寫? actress, 誤把Larry當(dāng)成女性。后面有 like Tom Cruise 這樣的提示性信息，可以判斷出為男演員。? acter 拼寫錯(cuò)誤，單詞不過關(guān)。注意一組詞：waiter/ waitress actor/actress。這類題比較簡(jiǎn)單但也容易出錯(cuò)，要關(guān)注句子的主語是男是女，還要做到單詞的準(zhǔn)確拼寫。 8. A careless driver and the terrible weather were responsible for these people’s________. ( die) 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化?！奥楸源笠獾乃緳C(jī)和糟糕的天氣應(yīng)該為這些人的死亡負(fù)責(zé)。”此題容易誤寫成deathes 或death. 首先這里判斷要填入名詞，death , n .死亡，其次它是可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)為deaths。而變復(fù)數(shù)加es的是以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾系列的，如bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, match----matches, month--months(特殊）等。正確答案為：deaths。 9. It is reported that three bank have happened lately in the city. (roB. 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。“據(jù)報(bào)道，最近這座城市發(fā)生了3起銀行搶劫案。”正確答案為robberies. 有同學(xué)犯單線思維的錯(cuò)誤，會(huì)直接想到s而填robber入。Robber，n.搶劫犯，指人，不符合這里的語境。所以要指出的是，對(duì)于一個(gè)詞有多重變化時(shí)，一定要考慮它所缺的詞性和詞義，只有兩者結(jié)合才能準(zhǔn)確無誤。正確答案：robberies。比較例句：Finally, the policemen succeeded in catching the robbers. 10. The __________of Jin Mao Building is 340 meters. (high) 【解析】考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化我名詞。此題易誤寫成highest, 因?yàn)橛型瑢W(xué)看到前面的the就想到是否是填形容詞的最高級(jí)。而這里句子的意思是“金茂大廈的高度”，所以正確答案是height，n.高度。 10. Which is the way to the __________? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’ factory 【解析】考查名詞作定語。此題有多種誤解。在初中階段，做定語的一般都是形容詞或介詞短語或定語從句，但這里是用名詞作定語表示某事物的功能，用途及性質(zhì)。正確答案為A。類似的形式還有：coffee cup, apple tree 等等。 11. The government is trying hard to find a(n) to the traffic problem in big cities. A. operation B. solution C. pollution D. occupation 【解析】考查名詞的詞義辨析?！罢谂ふ医鉀Q大城市交通問題的方案?！卑凑照Z義正確答案是B。operation，名詞，手術(shù)，操作，操練。Solution 名詞，解決問題的辦法，方案，途徑等。常見短語為?the solution to the problem. ? solve the problem 。Pollution 名詞，污染。air/ water/ noise pollution。Occupation 名詞，職業(yè)。做好這類題需要牢記中考考綱詞匯的含義。 12.Nowadays people can get ______on everything by surfing the internet A..importance B. knowledge C. news D. idea 【解析】考查名詞的詞義辨析?！艾F(xiàn)在人們通過上網(wǎng)可以得到所有事物的訊息（知識(shí)）?！贝祟}易誤選C。 News消息，新聞，它更側(cè)重指電視，廣播對(duì)外發(fā)布的消息。importance 名詞，重要性。Idea，主意，觀點(diǎn)。正確答案是B，這里相當(dāng)于information, 信息。 A. You must judge a person by his not by what he says. (act) 【解析】這里考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換?！澳阍u(píng)判一個(gè)人必須通過他的行為而不是他所說的話。"正確答案為action，名詞，行為，動(dòng)作。Action film 動(dòng)作片。Actions Speak Louder than Words?！局V】事實(shí)勝于雄辯。填入actor 或active，activity等答案的同學(xué)可能根本沒有弄清楚這里的句意或詞性。 B. We attended a lecture given by a great ________yesterday afternoon. (invent) 【解析】這里考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。此題易誤寫成invention，名詞，發(fā)明物，不符合這里的語義，低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤?！白蛱煜挛缥覀儏⒓恿艘粋€(gè)由一位偉大發(fā)明家所作的講座。”正確答案為inventor,名詞，發(fā)明家。 15.In exams, the more careful you are, the ______mistakes you’ll make． A. more B. less C. fewer D. few 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。此題易錯(cuò)選成B。“在考試中你越仔細(xì)，你犯的錯(cuò)誤就會(huì)越少?！标P(guān)鍵詞mistakes，名詞，錯(cuò)誤，為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以這里不能用與little相關(guān)的，B為little的比較級(jí)，排除。A選項(xiàng)語義不符。又因?yàn)榫湫汀皌he + 比較級(jí)。。。。The+ 比較級(jí)。。?！北硎尽霸?。。。就越。。?！保懦鼶，正確答案為C。 二、典型冠詞易錯(cuò)題分析 1. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second. A. / B. the C. a D. an 【解析】此題容易誤選B。這是由于思維定勢(shì)引起的，很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為這里的second是序數(shù)詞，前面應(yīng)該用定冠詞the修飾。其實(shí)，second是“秒”的意思。正確答案為C。 2. _______ India and China are of _______ same continent. A. /; the B. The ; the C. /; / D. /; a 【解析】此題容易誤選D。這是由于受漢語思維的影響造成的，因?yàn)樽g成漢語時(shí)這句話的意思是“印度和中國在同一個(gè)大洲”，漢語里說“同一個(gè)”，在英語中要說“the same”，這就是此題的陷阱所在。正確答案為A。 3，Students usually have __________ one-day trip in the suburbs in spring. A) a B. an C. the D. / 【解析】此題容易誤選B。由于受固定思維的影響，o為元音字母，很多同學(xué)會(huì)選B。英語里可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前冠詞的選擇是由其后第一個(gè)單詞的音素決定的，one /w/,輔音音素，因此正確答案為A。補(bǔ)充：1）元音字母，以輔音音素開頭 have a one-day trip。2）輔音字母，以元音音素開頭 如：F, H, L ,M ,N ,S, X, R （8個(gè)字母）如 MBA, MP3, 等。 4.Mr. Black and his wife usually go to ________ church on Sunday morning. A. a B. an C. / D. the 【解析】考查冠詞在詞組短語里的用法。此題容易誤選D?！霸谥苋赵缟希既R克夫婦通常去教堂做禮拜。”go to church 去教堂做禮拜（不加定冠詞the，表示人所從事的某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)）；go to the church 去教堂里（加定冠詞the，僅僅指在這個(gè)場(chǎng)所地方）而根據(jù)文化背景知識(shí)，西方人周末時(shí)去做禮拜是固有的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣或禮儀。因此正確答案為C。具有同樣用法的短語有：1）go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看??；go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院里。Go to school去上學(xué) ; Go to the school 去學(xué)校里。be at table 在餐桌旁吃飯；be at the table 在桌子旁。 5.Learning a country’s language is a better way of knowing ______ culture behind it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【解析】考查冠詞的用法。此題容易誤選D?！皩W(xué)習(xí)一門國家的語言是更好地了解其背后文化的一種方法。”選D的同學(xué)可能認(rèn)為這里culture 文化，為一抽象名詞，前面是不加冠詞的。但是這里特指“該語言背后的文化”，屬于特指的范疇，所以正確答案為C。 6.Eddie and his family won ______ MP4 in the Super Families TV Show last week. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【解析】此題容易誤選A。這里M雖然為輔音字母，但發(fā)元音因素/em/，所以要選不定冠詞an。如：There is an “m” and a “p” in the word “l(fā)amp。正確答案為B。 7.Many university graduates want to work in _____ west part of China ______ next year. A. the.../ B. a...the C. /....the D. the...the 【解析】考查冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)空，“in the west part of China”，在中國西部，方位名詞前要加定冠詞the。第二個(gè)空，在表時(shí)間的一些時(shí)間狀語前面一般是不加冠詞的，如 this morning/ week/ year， last night/ month, next week/ year。不過the next year 表第二年（用于過去時(shí)）。正確答案為A。 8.How did you make _____ living after you left university? A. a B. an C. the D. / 【解析】考查冠詞在詞組短語里的用法。此題容易誤選C。 make a living 表示“謀生”，類似于earn onesliving。冠詞在詞組短語里的考查近年在中考出現(xiàn)的頻度還是很大的，平時(shí)要加強(qiáng)這方面的積累，做到準(zhǔn)確記憶。這種短語表達(dá)是約定俗成的，加，漏用，誤用冠詞都是不對(duì)的。正確答案為A。 9.Its common knowledge that light travels faster than sound. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【解析】考查固定句型。此題易誤選C。部分同學(xué)可能會(huì)以為這里是特指。Knowledge，不可數(shù)名詞，知識(shí)。 common knowledge 常識(shí)。Its common knowledge that。。。表示“。。。是常識(shí)?！笔且粋€(gè)固定句型，用了冠詞反而錯(cuò)誤，要牢記。正確答案為D。 10.I think it is important for kids to learn how to manage ______ money. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【解析】此題容易誤選C。Money，金錢，抽象名詞，其前不加冠詞。部分同學(xué)并不清楚這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，可能習(xí)慣在前面加個(gè)定冠詞the。類似的例子：Failure is the mother of success.【諺】失敗乃成功之母。 11._______ Greens are on ________ visit to ________ United States of America. A. a, the, a B. /, a, the C. The, the, the D. The, a, the 【解析】綜合考查冠詞的用法。此題容易誤選C。句子的意思是“格林一家正在美國參觀訪問?！钡谝粋€(gè)空the 加在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前面表示“一家人或夫婦倆”，如the Blacks 布萊克一家。第二個(gè)空為固定短語，pay/be on a visit to "參觀，訪問“的意思，就相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞visit。第三個(gè)空，美國，the United States ofAmerica ，或簡(jiǎn)寫成the U.S.A, the US.專有名詞（人名，地名，組織，機(jī)關(guān)，團(tuán)體）前要加定冠詞the。正確答案D。 12. Don’t lose hope, even though we’ve failed for so many times. Let’s have _____ third try. A. the B. an C. / D. a 【解析】考查冠詞與序數(shù)詞連用的用法。此題容易誤選A。受固定思維的影響，很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為這里的second是序數(shù)詞，前面應(yīng)該用定冠詞the修飾。其實(shí)這里是“不定冠詞a/an + 序數(shù)詞+ 單數(shù)名詞”表示“又一，另一”的含義。如have a second try = have another try 再試一次。 專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 名詞 1. We can hear beautiful music, nice songs of birds or different kinds of ________in the world with our ears. A. voices B. sounds C. noises D. cries 2. To save money, using coupons（優(yōu)惠券）becomes one of the most popular shopping __________ in America.(act) 3. If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you ______. A. a piece advice B. an advice C. some advice D. some advices 4. The little girl didn’t know how to _______ the toy machine. (operation) 5. Mr Black has a large family to ________, so he works for two companies. (fooD. 6. The century-old Waibaidu Bridge is again an ________ for visitors to Shanghai. (attract) 7. These five _________ are my elder brother’s classmates. ( Germany ) 8. After discussing for a whole day, they finally reached a to solve the problem. (conclude) 9. WTO is the short form of the World Trade _________.(organize) 10. Do you know anything about Mei Lanfang, the famous __________ of Beijing Opera? (art) 11. The electric light is one of the greatest __________ in the world. (invent) 12. Obamas honesty and _______ have made him president of the United States. (wise) 13. Our government has paid great attention to_______ rights nowadays.(farm) 14. The older he gets, the more forgetful he becomes. (保持原句意思) He becomes more forgetful _____ _______ . 15. The new ________library has been set up.How modern it is! A.students B.students C.students D.student 16. The mountain is 5,300 metres high. (保持句意) The mountain is 5,300 metres ______. 答案： 1.B 2.actions 3.C 4.operate 5.feed 6.attraction 7.Germans 8.conclusion 9.Organization 10.artist 11.inventions 12.wisdom 13.farmers’ 14.with age 15.B 16.in height 冠詞 1. Students usually have __________ one-day trip in the suburbs in spring. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. Mr. Black and his wife usually go to ________ church on Sunday morning. A. a B. an C. / D. the 3. Shopping online is really ________ useful and convenient way for us to buy what we want. A. a B. an C. the D. / 4. Do you know only you walk with _____ umbrella in _____ university on a sunny day? A. a…an B. an…an C. an…a D. a…a 5. Learning a country’s language is a better way of knowing ______ culture behind it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 6. These days homeless are taken good care of in the old peoples home. A. a B.an C.the D./ 7. Eddie and his family won ______ MP4 in the Super Families TV Show last week. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8. Many university graduates want to work in _____ west part of China ______ next year. A. the.../ B. a...the C. /....the D. the...the 9. Dudu, 11 -year-old dog, gave us a wonderful performance on Chinas Got Talent Show. A. a B.an C.the D./ 10. How did you make _____ living after you left university? A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. I think it is important for kids to learn how to manage ______ money. A. a B. an C. the D. / 12. Its common knowledge that light travels faster than sound. A. a B. an C. the D. / 13. Britain is European country and China is Asian country. A. an; an B. a; a C. a; an D.an; a 14. More and more young people are trying to do something for ______ old. A. a B. an C. the D. / 15. ________ Greens are on ________ visit to ________ United States of America. A. a, the, a B. /, a, the C. The, the, the D. The, a, the 16. Shopping online is ________ useful and convenient way for us to buy things. A a B an C the D / 17. The story happened in __________ European country. A. a B. an C. the D. / 18. Yangpu Bridge is only one of the bridges over _____ Huangpu River. A. /, the B. /,/ C. The, the D. The, / 19. Don’t lose hope, even though we’ve failed for so many times. Let’s have _____ third try. A. the B. an C. / D. a 20. “Geili” has become ______ unusual word this year. A. a B.an C. the D. / 21. By _____ way, would you please tell me the address of the chemical company? A. a B. an C. the D. / 22. My uncle bought _________English-Chinese dictionary for me as a gift last Christmas. A. a B.an C.the D./ 23. Ｍore and more young people are trying to do something for ________old. A. a 　　 B. an 　　 C. the　　 D. ／ 24.______singer over there is very popular. She has lots of fans from home and broad. A. A B. An C.The D. / 25.________ 84-year-old man was saved by the people after the terrible tsunami (海嘯) in Japan. A. A B. An C. / D. The 26. Every time we went to the Shanghai Expo we spent _________ couple of hours there. A . a B . an C . the D. / 27. My thirteen-year-old brother Jimmy is __________ big Lady Gaga fan. A. the B. a C. an D. / 28. There are many pavilions within the Expo site. _______one in red is China Pavilion. A. A B. an C. The D. / 29. Please take the precious glass there with ________ great care. I dont want it to be broken. A.a B. an C. the D. / 30. Kitty is such ______honest student that she is often praised by her teachers. A. a B.an C.the D. / 答案： 1. A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.A 18.A 19.D 20. B 21.C 22B 23.C 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.B