2019年高考英語一輪鞏固達標練題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Great Scientists 一、閱讀理解。 Crossing your legs is an extremely mon habit; most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down. While you may find it fortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of. A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You wont feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Dont keep your legs crossed. Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of disfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage. So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run. 1.What can we learn about crossing ones legs? A. It is a very bad social habit. B. It is usually practiced deliberately. C. It can make others feel unfortable. D. It can do harm to peoples health. 2.According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can______. A. resist gravity effectively B. affect your blood pressure C. lead to heart attacks easily D. improve the function of legs 3.In the third paragraph "pins and needles" probably means______. A. serious muscle injuries B. being a little nervous C. slight sharp pains D. being highly flexible 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To give readers some advice. B. To pare mon habits. C. To evaluate effects of an experiment. D. To introduce research methods. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了研究發(fā)現蹺二郎腿對身體有害，大家要改掉蹺二郎腿的壞習慣。 1.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“ it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，蹺二郎腿對健康有害。 2.B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“ sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，蹺二郎腿會使血壓升高。 4.A 【解析】文章意圖題。根據文章內容，特別是第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”及最后一段中的“So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.”可知，研究發(fā)現蹺二郎腿對健康有害，因此這篇文章的目的是建議大家改掉蹺二郎腿的壞習慣。 二、語法填空。 China will allow all couples to have two children，__1__ (give) up its decadeslong onechild policy, the munist Party of China (CPC) __2__ (announce) after a key meeting on Thursday. The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population, according to a muniqu (公報)__3__ (issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th munist Party of China (CPC) Central mittee held from Monday to Thursday. The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法機關) __4__ it es into force. Chinas family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__ (control) the rapid __6__ (grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child, and as to rural couples, they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child. The onechild policy was __10__ (far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central mittee, and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文，講述了中國的“全面二孩”政策的由來。 1．giving　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，句子主語China與give up之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，應用動詞ing形式作狀語，故填giving。 2．announced　考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據時間狀語on Thursday可知，本處應用一般過去時。 3．issued　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，issue與muniqu之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故用過去分詞issued作定語。 4．before　考查連詞。句意：提議在生效之前必須得到最高立法機關的批準。before “在……之前”。 5．to control　考查非謂語動詞。中國于20世紀70年代晚期開始實施計劃生育政策以控制急劇增長的人口。本處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語。 6．growth　考查詞性轉換。此處表示控制急劇增長的人口，應用名詞作賓語，故填growth。 7．to　考查介詞。limit ... to ... “限定……到……”是固定搭配。 8．who/that　考查定語從句的引導詞。夫婦雙方均為獨生子女的，還可以再生一個孩子。本處先行詞為parents，關系詞在定語從句中作主語，故填who/that。 9．a　考查冠詞。序數詞前用不定冠詞，意為“再，又”。這里指“再生一個小孩，或可生第二個孩子”。 10．further　考查副詞的比較級。根據句意“一孩政策進一步放松”可知，本處應用比較級；由于本處不是表距離，而是表事情的程度，故填further。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 Every morning，on my way to work，I see homeless people sleeping on sidewalks.Clearly，theyre in need of __1__.I feel it a(n) __2__ to see this，and most people walk by, __3__ the homeless dont exist，and dont offer any help at all，not even a __4__.Recently，its been extremely cold，making things especially __5__ for the homeless. Usually I arrive at work around 8 am，when the homeless are still asleep.Im not sure whether its a good __6__ to leave something for them while theyre __7__ ，as it may get stolen or they may not even __8__ it. Today，I __9__ someone，who seemed to be homeless，sitting on the sidewalk，awake.I had some time __10__ I was due to start work，so I dashed across the street to ask if I could get anything for him to drink or eat.He wanted a cola，so I went and got this for him __11__ a banana. I gave him the drink and banana，then went back to my office across the street，and went upstairs to get the bag I recently __12__ with everyday items.Id been planning to give it to someone in need，so this was a great __13__.I hurried back to give the bag to the stranger，who was __14__. Society may feel unfortable with homeless people.__15__ ，we must remember theyre just like us.Theyre just down on their __16__ for different reasons.If we __17__ to those in need，our hearts will grow and we can __18__ make our world better. Singer Phil Collins sang a song titled Another Day in Paradise，which __19__ us to be grateful for the many blessings we have and not to __20__ those who are less fortunate. 1．A.balance　　　　B．significance C．performance D．assistance 2．A.duty B．regret C．advance D．equality 3．A.imagining B．expecting C．pretending D．announcing 4．A.word B．hug C．pity D．gift 5．A.absurd B．boring C．plex D．touch 6．A.idea B．excuse C．lesson D．reason 7．A.relaxed B．absentminded C．unaware D．dizzy 8．A.know B．want C．share D．afford 9．A.spotted B．approached C．recognized D．interviewed 10．A.when B．since C．before D．unless 11．A.instead of B．except for C．regardless of D．along with 12．A.replaced B．packed C．decorated D．bined 13．A.trial B．honor C．opportunity D．reward 14．A.grateful B．careful C．hopeful D．skillful 15．A.Besides B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．However 16．A.effort B．luck C．appearance D．reputation 17．A.look out B．break out C．reach out D．turn out 18．A.truly B．properly C．deliberately D．approximately 19．A.intends B．reminds C．promises D．persuades 20．A.trick B．blame C．doubt D．forget 【解題導語】本文主要講述了作者幫助無家可歸的人的故事。 【核心詞匯】extremely adv.極其，極端　dash v．急奔，急馳，猛沖　paradise n．天堂　blessing n．上帝的恩寵，祝福 1．D　根據下文的“dont offer any help at all”可知，這些無家可歸的人需要幫助。assistance意為“幫助”。故選D。 2．B　根據下文作者幫助無家可歸的人可推知，作者同情這些無家可歸的人，看到他們睡在大街上感到很是遺憾。故選B。 3．C　根據“and dont offer any help at all”并結合上文的“I feel it a(n) __2__ to see this”可推知，大部分的路人對無家可歸的人漠不關心，視而不見，即假裝(pretending)沒看到。 4．A　根據“even”可推知，大部分人不僅不提供幫助，甚至連一句問候都沒有。 5．D　根據空前的“its been extremely cold”并結合語境可推知，天氣特別寒冷，無家可歸的人的日子更加艱難(tough)。 6．A　結合語境可知，作者不確定自己的那種做法是否是好主意(idea)。 7．C　承接上文的“Usually I arrive at work around 8 am，when the homeless are still asleep”可推知，無家可歸的人在作者早上開始上班時還都在睡覺，是不會覺察到的(unaware)。 8．B　根據“even”的提示并結合上文作者的猶豫可推知，作者不確定自己對他們的幫助是否正是無家可歸的人所需要的。 9．A　根據語境可推知，作者在人行道上發(fā)現了一個醒著的無家可歸的人。spot表示“發(fā)現”，符合語境。 10．C　根據語境可知，作者離上班還有些時間，所以選C。 11．D　根據語境以及下文的“I gave him the drink and banana”可推知，作者順便還給這個人帶了香蕉。along with表示“除……以外(還)”。 12．B　根據空后的“with everyday items”可知，作者包里裝著每天的必需品。pack with sth.表示“裝著某物”。 13．C　根據語境可知，作者認為這是一個極好的幫助無家可歸的人的機會。 14．A　根據語境可推知，把自己的東西饋贈給他人，別人是感恩的(grateful)。 15．D　根據語境可知，前后句表示邏輯上的轉折關系，故選D。 16．B　根據語境可推知，那些無家可歸的人只是由于某種原因一時窮困潦倒而已，down on ones luck表示“窮困潦倒”。 17．C　根據語境可知，如果我們愿意幫助他們，世界會變得更美好。reach out to sb.表示“愿意為某人提供幫助”。 18．A　根據語境可知，幫助他人的確會讓我們的世界變得更美好。truly“的確，真實地”；properly“恰當地”；deliberately“故意地”；approximately“大約”。 19．B　Phil Collins的歌提醒我們要感恩。remind sb.to do sth.意為“提醒某人做某事”符合語境。 20．D　根據語境可推知，人們不要忘記那些不幸的人。 四、短文改錯。 One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky, nearly hitting him on his head. He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident. Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. What dangerous it was! Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living highly in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame for. Every one of us should behave politely and think more about other. Only when we each behaved properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one. 答案： One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell the sky, nearly hitting him on head. He was greatly by the unexpected incident. the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. dangerous it was! Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame . Every one of us should behave politely and think more about . Only when we each properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one. 難項分析： 第二處：his→the　考查冠詞。動詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位為固定用法，此處表示“幾乎擊中了他的頭部”。 第四處：Dropped→Dropping　考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語he與分詞之間為主動關系，故用現在分詞。 第九處：other→others　考查代詞。other為形容詞“其他的”；others為代詞，指代“其他人”。 五、七選五