2019版高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達標選題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 1 Great Scientists 一、閱讀理解。 Two world championships were decided this weekend on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.In England,the Rugby World Cup was decided.In New York,the baseball season saw its final match. More than 80,000 audiences watched New Zealand win the Rugby championship 34-17 over Australia.The match was held on Saturday at the famous Twickenham Stadium near London. It was the second world title for New Zealand.Fans call the team“All Blacks”because of their black uniforms.A day later,the baseball World Series came to a close with a win by the Kansas City Royals over the New York Mets. In the World Series,the first team to win four games claims victory.The Royals won four of the first five games played with the Mets.Kansas City last won in 1985. The Rugby World Cup opened on September 18,when England defeated Fiji.Forty-eight matches and six weeks later,New Zealand won the title.Going into the tournament,the All Blacks were ranked No.1 in the world. Every tournament like this has a“favorite,”or the team expected to win.The tournament also has an“underdog,”or the team less likely to win.But the underdog often bees a favorite.This year in the Rugby World Cup,the“underdog”team was Japan. ing into the tournament,Japan was ranked 13th in the world.But after an inspiring showing in the group stage of the tournament,Japan moved up three places to 10th.Aside from the championship game itself,the match that created the biggest surprise came when Japan defeated world No.3 South Africa 34-32.The Associated Press called it“the biggest shock in Rugby World Cup history.” South Africa was a two­time World Cup champion.Japan had only ever won one match in the World Cup before that game. 1.Why were the two major sports events reported together? A.They were both held in developed countries. B.Their results both came out at the same time. C.The winners were both not expected. D.They both belong to sports petitions. 2.The underlined word“favorite”in Paragraph 6 refers to________. A.a player regarded as the most valuable B.a team whose players are most killed C.a player who is the most popular D.a team more likely to e first27.How did Japan perform in the matches? 3.How did Japan perform in the matches? A.It created a big surprise. B.It tried their best to play. C.It acted as it was expected. D.It surprisingly won third. 參考答案： 1.B; 2.D; 3.A 解析： 1.[推理判斷題。這兩大重要賽事因為在相同時間決出了冠軍,才被放到一起報道。由第一段得出。] 2.[詞義猜測題。此處favorite指的是最有可能獲勝的隊。由本段第一句...or the team expected to win得出。] 3.[細節(jié)理解題。日本隊在比賽中創(chuàng)造了一個大冷門,由最初的第13名,卻戰(zhàn)勝了世界第三名的南非隊。由第七段最后兩句得出。] 二、單句語法填空 1．Only when he arrived ________the meeting begin. 答案：did　“only＋狀語(從句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。由時間狀語從句when he arrived可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填did。 2．Neither I nor John ________(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting. 答案：is　neither ... nor ... 連接兩個并列主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循“就近一致”原則，故填is。 3．________(absorb) in writing a letter, he didnt even look up when I came in. 答案：Absorbed　be absorbed in ...“全神貫注于……”，此處為分詞作狀語，故填A(yù)bsorbed。 4．That you ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 答案：are exposed　be exposed to ...“暴露于……；接觸……”。 5．There is no sense in ________(worry) about the future. 答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是沒有意義的”。 6．While ________(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields. 答案：attending　attend to “處理；照料”，從句的主語和主句主語一致，且謂語部分含有be動詞的相應(yīng)形式時，可省略從句中的主語和be動詞，補充完整為：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。 7．The bank manager was really ________(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk. 答案：to blame　be to blame “應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，為主動形式表示被動意義。 8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________(set) up some schools for poor children. 答案：setting　contribute ... to ...“為……奉獻……”，其中to為介詞，其后應(yīng)用名詞、代詞或動名詞形式，故填setting。 9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________(put) forward by experts on TV. 答案：put　put forward “提出”，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞idea。 10．I recognized her voice ________moment I picked up the receiver. 答案：the　the moment “一……就……”。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 I worried about my personal image and how I could be remembered during my boyhood.In the fifth grade，there seemed to be only one __1__ —to be cool.In the sixth grade，suddenly，there were two choices：be cool，or be invisible.__2__ ，one day，when a teacher had us fill out a questionnaire with __3__ questions，I found the __4__ option. Assuming(假定)the teacher would read our answers privately，I felt it was __5__ to share my privacy.To my __6__ ，she collected and redistributed(重新分發(fā))them to us.We were asked to __7__ the name and our three favorite answers to the whole class.My answers went to the meanest boy in class. The first question was“Whats your favorite movie？” My answer was Beauty and the Beast.A laugh erupted and my cheeks __8__.The next was“Where would you like to travel？” My answer was __9__ special—“Wherever a book takes me.”The __10__ this time had an explosive quality. I could __11__ remember what happened next；all that I had in mind was the laughter.But something amazing happened.A(n) __12__ came，“Guys，cut it out.”The room went __13__ .Its Michelle Siever，a popular and cool girl.Then she __14__ ，“Why are you laughing? What is the point of __15__ if we just laugh at others？” I cant remember the teacher or other kids names，but I remember Michelles.When she __16__ for me that day，she __17__ me we actually have three choices if we want to be remembered. Be cool，and you might be remembered __18__.Stay invisible，and you wont be remembered at all.But if you stand up __19__ someone when he or she __20__ you most，then you will be remembered as their hero for the rest of their life. 1．A.tool　　　　　　　　　B．choice C．chance D．purpose 2．A.However B．In addition C．Therefore D．In fact 3．A.personal B．funny C．various D．strange 4．A.wrong B．former C．third D．latter 5．A.terrible B．safe C．nervous D．interesting 6．A.surprise B．a(chǎn)nxiety C．delight D．expectation 7．A.repeat B．remember C．pare D．read 8．A.ached B．paled C．changed D．burned 9．A.even B．still C．never D．a(chǎn)lways 10．A.laughter B．question C．a(chǎn)ir D．class 11．A.nearly B．exactly C．hardly D．surely 12．A.request B．message C．order D．voice 13．A.crazy B．silent C．a(chǎn)ngry D．empty 14．A.announced B．smiled C．a(chǎn)dded D．stopped 15．A.talking B．chatting C．a(chǎn)rguing D．sharing 16．A.talked about B．calmed down C．left behind D．spoke up 17．A.reminded B．promised C．showed D．persuaded 18．A.for a while B．finally C．a(chǎn)gain and again D．hopefully 19．A.before B．with C．for D．by 20．A.misses B．needs C．values D．loves 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。在老師組織的全班問卷調(diào)查活動中，“我”的回答引起全班同學(xué)哄堂大笑，這時一個女生站起來幫助“我”走出困境。同時，“我”明白了一個道理：在別人需要你的時候站出來會被別人永遠記住。 【核心詞匯】image n．印象，形象　invisible adj.無形的，看不見的　fill out填寫　cut out阻擋，刪除，住口 1．B　根據(jù)空后一句中的“In the sixth grade, suddenly, there were two choices”可知，此處表示，在五年級，似乎只有唯一的選擇(choice)來讓別人記住自己—裝酷。 2．A　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，老師讓同學(xué)們填調(diào)查問卷這件事使“我”改變了原先的看法，故前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選A。 3．A　根據(jù)下文中的“share my privacy”可推知，此處表示老師要求回答的是我們的私人(personal)問題。所以選A。 4．C　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，到六年級，“我”突然認為被別人記住有兩個選擇，但是通過老師讓同學(xué)們填調(diào)查問卷這件事，“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)了第三種選擇。所以選C。 5．B　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，假如老師私下閱讀我們的回答，“我”就感覺分享的隱私是安全的(safe)。所以選B。 6．A　根據(jù)上下文可知，老師沒有私下閱讀我們的回答而是重新分發(fā)，讓同學(xué)之間互讀，這種做法讓“我”感到吃驚。所以選A。 7．D　參見上題解析。 8．D　根據(jù)空前的“A laugh erupted”及常識可知，“我”對第一個問題的回答引起了同學(xué)們的大笑，由此可知，“我”當時面頰發(fā)燙(burned)。選項D符合語境。 9．B　根據(jù)下文中的“this time had an explosive quality”可知，“我”對第二個問題的回答仍然(still)是特別的，因此這一次笑聲(laughter)更加強烈。still“仍然，還是”，符合語境。 10．A　參見上題解析。 11．C　根據(jù)空后的“all that I had in mind was the laughter”可知，此處指“我”幾乎不能(hardly)記得后面發(fā)生了什么，所以選C。 12．D　根據(jù)下文中的“Guys, cut it out”可知，Michelle Siever的聲音(voice)傳來，所以選D。 13．B　根據(jù)上下文可知，這個聲音使整個房間安靜(silent)了下來。 14．C　根據(jù)空后的兩個問句可知，Michelle Siever繼續(xù)在說，即補充道(added)。 15．D　根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容，尤其是老師要求我們填調(diào)查問卷然后交換并在全班朗讀這一活動過程可知，這是同學(xué)們之間的一次交流分享(share)活動。所以選D。 16．D　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”對兩個問題的回答引起全班的大笑，這時Michelle Siever的話使全班安靜下來，據(jù)此可推斷她在替“我”辯護。所以選D。 speak up(for sb./sth.)“(尤指為……)說好話，辯護”。 17．C　她替“我”辯護這件事向“我”展示(showed)了如果想要被人們記住，我們有三種選擇。所以選C。 18．A　通過這件事，“我”知道裝酷只能被別人記住一時(for a while)。所以選A。 19．C　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”之所以能夠擺脫困境是因為Michelle Siever為“我”辯護。所以“我”總結(jié)出想要被別人記住的第三種選擇是：當人們需要(needs)你時，你站出來為(for)他們說話，這樣你就會被他們當做英雄一樣被銘記一生。所以選C。 20．B　參見上題解析。 四、單句改錯 1．Although defeating in the match, we didnt lose heart. _____________________________________________________ 答案：defeating→defeated　此處表示在比賽中被打敗，故應(yīng)用過去分詞表被動。 2．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, pletely absorbing in the newspaper. _____________________________________________________ 答案：absorbing→absorbed　(be) absorbed in “全神貫注于……”，此處為過去分詞短語作狀語。 3．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉a　make sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，為固定用法，故去掉a。 4．Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result. _____________________________________________________ 答案：is→are　neither ... nor ... 連接兩主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。 5．The plan was put forward at yesterdays meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉was或was前加which/that　該句中已有謂語動詞is, 故put forward at yesterdays meeting為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾作主語的名詞plan；也可用定語從句作定語修飾先行詞plan，因此添加定語從句的關(guān)系詞引出定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，先行詞指物，所以在was前加which/that。 五、七選五 The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. 　 1 　But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight. 1. If you’re obese, blame your genes. 　 2 　Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled — too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less. 2. If you’re obese, you lack self-control. Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.　 3 　Even the most vigilant(警覺的) people may not be good controllers of themselves. 3. 　 4 　 Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the ＂food deserts＂, about 65 percent of the nation’s population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets. 4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don’t exercise. Michelle Obama’s ＂Let’s Move＂ campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease.　 5 　In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity. B. Obesity rates have increased. C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity. D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and1990s. E. People hold different views on obesity. F. People benefit a lot from physical activities. G. Our world has bee so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can’t understand. 【語篇解讀】肥胖是現(xiàn)代社會的主要問題之一。Deborah Cohen 的A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It一書中，作者介紹了人們對肥胖問題的幾種誤解。 1.E 【解析】根據(jù)下句由轉(zhuǎn)折意義的內(nèi)容＂But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.＂（但該書認為下面幾點是關(guān)于肥胖的幾點誤解）可知，人們對肥胖問題觀點不一，故E項正確。 2.B 【解析】根據(jù)下句內(nèi)容＂Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled — too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.＂（然而，在1980年到2000年，美國肥胖的人數(shù)就翻了一番。該速度太快，可見肥胖并非遺傳因素所致）可知，此處表示＂肥胖比例有所增加，故B項正確。 3.G 【解析】根據(jù)上句＂Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.＂（研究表明，如果我們面臨太多信息，我們很可能會就節(jié)食作出糟糕的選擇）可知，該句應(yīng)表示＂我們現(xiàn)在的食物如此豐富以致于我們會被引導(dǎo)以自己難以想象的方式去消耗食物＂，故選G項。 5.D 【解析】根據(jù)下句＂although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.＂（盡管跟工作相關(guān)的體力活動減少導(dǎo)致人們少燃燒多達100卡路里，但休閑體力活動似乎有所增加）可知，在二十世紀八十年代和九十年代，人們的體力活動并未明顯減少，故選D項。