本科學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)東風(fēng) 140 擺臂式垃圾車設(shè)計(jì)系部名稱專業(yè)班級學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師職 稱The Graduation Design for Bachelor's DegreeDesign of Swing Arm GarbageTruck Modification Candidate：I摘 要擺臂式垃圾車是裝備有可回轉(zhuǎn)的起重?cái)[臂，車斗或集裝垃圾懸吊在起重?cái)[臂上，隨起重?cái)[臂回轉(zhuǎn)、起落、實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾自裝自卸的專業(yè)自卸汽車。發(fā)展擺臂式垃圾車具有節(jié)約資源,保護(hù)環(huán)境和減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。目前，擺臂式垃圾車已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，垃圾運(yùn)輸己經(jīng)影響到我們生活的每一部分，對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展有著重要的意義。文中介紹了擺臂式垃圾車的改裝設(shè)計(jì)說明。對車廂、擺臂裝置、副車架、液壓系統(tǒng)和附屬機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)，并對不同方案進(jìn)行了比較分析，保證了擺臂式垃圾車的先進(jìn)性及實(shí)用性。敘述了在改裝擺臂式垃圾車過程中容易出現(xiàn)的問題及相關(guān)專用設(shè)備的工作原理，并對整車性能進(jìn)行了分析。關(guān)鍵詞：專用汽車；液壓系統(tǒng)；垃圾運(yùn)輸；擺臂裝置；附屬機(jī)構(gòu)IIABSTRACTSwinging arm type truck is equipped with can turn around lifting swinging arm, the car fight or containers junk is suspensory on lifting swinging arm, with lifting swinging arm again, taking off and landing from the pack of MSW dump professional dump trucks.Development of swing arm garbage trucks with saving resources, protecting the environment and reduce labor intensity, and many other advantages. At present, swinging arm type truck has a wide range of applications, garbage transportation already affected every part of our lives for the development of national economy, has an important significance.This paper introduces the modification of swing arm garbage design explains. For car, swinging arm device, hydraulic system and affiliates carried on the detailed design, and the different schemes are compared and analyzed, and guarantee the swing arm advanced and practical roll-off garbage trucks. Describes the modification process of roll-off garbage trucks swing arm of the problems and related to the working principle of special equipment, and the vehicle performance is analyzed.Key words: Special Vehicle；Hydraulic system ；Junk transportation ；Swinging arm device ；Subsidiary body III摘 要粉粒物料運(yùn)輸車主要運(yùn)輸散裝水泥、石灰石粉、電石粉和粉煤灰。發(fā)展粉料散裝運(yùn)輸車具有節(jié)約資源,保護(hù)環(huán)境和減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。目前，粉粒物料運(yùn)輸車已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，粉粒物料運(yùn)輸己經(jīng)影響到我們生活的每一部分，對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展有著重要的意義。文中介紹了舉升式氣卸粉罐汽車的改裝設(shè)計(jì)說明。對粉罐罐體、流態(tài)化床、舉升機(jī)構(gòu)、氣卸系統(tǒng)、人孔、卸料系統(tǒng)和附屬機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，并對不同方案進(jìn)行了比較分析，保證了舉升式氣卸粉罐汽車的先進(jìn)性及實(shí)用性。敘述了在改裝舉升式氣卸粉罐汽車過程中容易出現(xiàn)的問題及相關(guān)專用設(shè)備的工作原理，并對整車性能進(jìn)行了分析。關(guān)鍵詞：專用汽車；散裝水泥罐；流態(tài)化床；前頂舉升機(jī)構(gòu)；粉粒物料運(yùn)輸IVABSTRACTPowder and materials convey truck mainly transport the cement, lime,calaium carbide and fly ash. There are many advantages just like the resource conservation, environmental protection and reduce the labor intensity. But for the powder and materials with the state of crude grain, large proportion, high moisture content, the ordinary convey truck cannot achieve the expected purpose. This product is designed as a lifting type, so when the pump truck loaded and droved the line at the center of the tank is in horizontal position; when unloading, the lifting mechanism will rise and make a certain angle with the horizon, then use the air compressed convey the cement out effectively. This elevator function makes the tank has a simple structure; the loading capacity and the adaptability of the medium for the tank are greatly improved, the potentials of the convey truck are explored maximumly.The air unload powder tank dump truck are component by the automobile chassis, powder tank gassy assembly, pneumatic conveying system, hydraulic pressure lifting system, electronic control system. This instruction is mainly about selection and designs each above system.Key words: Special Vehicle; Cement Tank; Air Unload; reposing Lift; Powder and materials convey1目 錄摘 要 IAbstract .II第 1 章 緒論 11.1 改裝舉升式氣卸粉罐運(yùn)輸車的目的和意義 11.2 國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展前景 21.2.1 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 21.2.2 散裝水泥運(yùn)輸車的發(fā)展前景 31.3 國外專用汽車產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)及其發(fā)展趨勢 41.3.1 國外專用汽車產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn) 41.3.2 國外專用汽車產(chǎn)品的現(xiàn)狀及其發(fā)展趨勢 41.4 課題主要內(nèi)容 4第 2 章 方案設(shè)計(jì)分析與整車總布置 .62.1 方案設(shè)計(jì)與分析 62.2 整車總布置 62.2.1 粉罐罐體的布置及副車架外型尺寸的確定 62.2.2 舉升形式的選取與布置 62.2.3 氣卸裝置的布置 82.3 二類底盤選型 82.3.1 二類底盤初選 82.3.2 二類底盤裝載質(zhì)量的初步校核 92.4 專業(yè)性能參數(shù)的確定 102.4.1 卸料速度和剩余率 102.4.2 工作壓力 112.4.3 壓縮空氣流量 112.5 本章小結(jié) 122第 3 章 粉罐裝置設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算選型 .133.1 粉罐外形尺寸設(shè)計(jì) 133.1.1 初步確定罐體尺寸及材料 .133.1.2 罐體總?cè)莘e 133.1.3 有效裝載容積 143.1.4 擴(kuò)大容積 143.1.5 裝載容積 143.2 流態(tài)化裝置的設(shè)計(jì) 143.2.1 流態(tài)化裝置的類型和結(jié)構(gòu) 153.2.2 多孔板的設(shè)計(jì) 153.2.3 流態(tài)化元件的設(shè)計(jì) 153.2.4 流態(tài)化床主要參數(shù)計(jì)算 153.3 進(jìn)料裝置 173.4 出料裝置、卸料軟管和卸壓裝置 173.4.1 出料裝置 173.4.2 卸料軟管 183.4.3 卸壓裝置 193.5 本章小結(jié) 19第 4 章 舉升裝置的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .204.1 舉升角度的設(shè)計(jì) 204.2 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的布置 204.2.1 確定上裝重心位置 204.2.2 確定反轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)位置 204.3 舉升油缸的選取 214.4 舉升能力的校核 224.4.1 初始位置狀態(tài)時(shí)的校核 224.4.2 第二和第三級油缸舉升狀態(tài)時(shí)的校核 224.5 液壓泵及液壓控制閥的選擇 234.5.1 液壓泵流量與排量的確定 234.5.2 液壓控制原理及控制閥的確定 244.6 本章小結(jié) 253第 5 章 氣卸裝置的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及選型 .265.1 輸送空氣量的確定 265.2 輸料管內(nèi)徑和氣流速度的確定 .275.3 輸送系統(tǒng)壓力損失 .275.3.1 動(dòng)壓損失 275.3.2 靜壓損失 285.4 流態(tài)化元件壓力損失 295.5 空氣壓縮機(jī)的選擇 295.6 本章小結(jié) 30第 6 章 輔助系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .316.1 取力機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)與選型 316.2 液力馬達(dá)的選型 316.3 本章小結(jié) 33第 7 章 整車性能分析 .347.1 汽車動(dòng)力性能分析 .347.1.1 基本參數(shù)的確定 347.1.2 汽車的行駛方程式 .357.1.3 汽車最高車速的確定 387.2 燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性計(jì)算 387.3 整車軸荷分配計(jì)算 .407.4 整車穩(wěn)定性分析 417.4.1 空載質(zhì)心高度的計(jì)算 .417.4.2 空載側(cè)傾角的計(jì)算 417.5 本章小結(jié) 42結(jié)論 43參考文獻(xiàn) .44致謝 45附錄 .46