2020版高考英語總復習 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars課時作業(yè)（含解析）新人教版必修3.docx

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Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A HumanbeingsareinforadoubletreatinJanuarywiththeappearanceoftwosupermoons.ThefirstonerisesonthenightofNewYear??sDay.Thesecondcomesonthelastnightofthemonth,endingupwithalunareclipse(月食).Thatistheendofatrilogy(三部曲)ofbigmoontreatsthatbeganinDec.3withafullcoldmoon.TheJan.1supermoonwillbethebiggestoftheyear.Themoonwillappeartobeoversizedforafewnightsafterthat,thoughitwillnolongerbeafullmoon. Asupermoonisafullmoonthatappearsattheclosestpointinthemoon??sorbittoEarth,about14percentlargerand30percentbrighterthanfullmoonsthatappearatthefarthestpointintheorbit.Supermoonshangaroundallnight,areeasytoseeandarenotdamagingtotheeyes,nomatterhowlongyougazeatthemoon. ForthosewhomaymissthenightofJan.1,anevenmorecharmingsupermoonwillriseonthenightofJan.31.Thatwillbethesecondfullmoonofthemonth,whichisusuallycalleda “bluemoon” becauseadoublefull-moonmonthoccursessentiallyonceinabluemoon—aboutevery2.5years.Abluemoonisevenrarerwhenit??sasupermoon.Butthatwon??tbetheonlyraritythatnight.Thesuperbluemoonwillalsooccurduringatotallunareclipse.Ifskiesareclear,thetotaleclipsewillbevisiblefromeasternAsiaacrossthePacificOceantowesternNorthAmerica. Lunareclipsesmakemoonsappearblood-redbecauseofthewaytheblockedsunlightbends,whenEarthmovesbetweenthesunandthemoon,blockingthesun??slightfromreflectingoffthemoon.Soprepareyourselfforthesuperbluebloodmoononthenightofthelunareclipse.Togetthefulleffectofthelunareclipse,watchatmoonset. 1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “That” inParagraph1referto? A.Thelunareclipse. B.TheNewYear??sDay. C.ThesupermoonofJan.31. D.Thebiggestsupermoon. 2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesupermoononJan.31fromthetext? A.Itwillbeasuperbluemoon. B.Itwillbeginwithalunareclipse. C.Itwillbeobservedallovertheworld. D.Itwillbethebiggestmoonoftheyear. 3.WhatdoestheauthoradviseobserverstodoaboutthelunareclipseonJan.31? A.Watchitwhenthemoonsets. B.Decidethespotfirstwhentheywatchit. C.Filmthewholelunareclipsewithmobilephones. D.Preparesunglassesbecausethemoonistoobright. 4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext? A.DoubleNewYearsupermoons B.Thedefinitionofasupermoon C.Supermoonswithalunareclipse D.Therarityofthebluesupermoon B “It??sreallyabreakthrough,” saidBritishscientistGuillemaboutthediscoveryofaplanet “moreorless” likeEarththatisorbitingProximaCentauri,thestarnearesttooursolarsystem. Proximab,or “EarthⅡ”asyoucouldcallit,isalittlebiggerthanourEarth,anditsyearsonlytake11days.Also,sinceitissomuchclosertoitsreddwarf(矮星)starthanwearetothesun,theskyonitsworldisorangewithoutanyblueatall,creatingaforeversunseteffect. Therearealotofquestionsforlifeformsthatcouldliveonthisnewplanet.AstheChicagoTribunewrote: “Doyouhavepoetry?Superheroes?Television?Diets?Meanbosses?Doyouhaveanyinterestinvisitingotherworlds?Ifso,putEarthonyourMust-Seelist.” ThediscoveryoftheplanetmadeuswonderifanyonehadseenorheardofthespacepostcardsfromPioneer10andPioneer11spaceprobes(探測器),sentupintospacein1972andthenextyear.Togetherwiththeprobeswerepicturesofamanandawoman,alongwithdiagramsofthesolarsystem.GoldrecordsweresentupintospaceonVoyagerprobesin1977.Ifaliens(外星人)onProximabhadplayedtherecords,theywouldhavefoundhumanvoicesandpicturesthatshowedtherichdiversityofEarth. ItmightnotbetimetoplanavisittoProximabjustyet—evenifithasanatmosphere—asfirst,wewouldneedtoinventawaytogetthereinlessthanthe78,000yearsitwouldtakeat36,000mph. “ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlanetB,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet,” theChicagoTribunewrote. 5.WhatdoweknowaboutProximab? A.Ithasanorangesky. B.Itisclosertothesun. C.Ithasnosunrise. D.ItisaslargeasEarth. 6.WhatcouldbefoundonthegoldrecordssentupbyVoyagerprobesin1977? A.Picturesofacouple. B.Mapsofthesolarsystem. C.Recordedsounds. D.Severalpostcards. 7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymean? A.Earthmovestothesouth. B.ProximabgetsclosertoEarth. C.Situationchangesfavourably. D.ConditionsonEarthgetworse. 8.WhatwastheattitudeoftheChicagoTribunetowardsthediscoveryoftheplanet? A.Excited. B.Worried. C.Uninterested. D.Proud. Ⅱ.語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 ThecarrierrocketsentaShenzhou11spacecraft(航天器)withastronautsChenDongandJingHaipengintospace.TherocketwasfiredfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCentre1.　　　　theGobidesert.AftertwodaysinEarth??sorbit,thespacecraft2.　　　　(be)tolinkupwithChina??sspacelaboratory,calledtheTiangong-2,3.　　　　namemeans“HeavenlyPalace2”.Thelab4.　　　　(place)intoorbitlastmonth. Theastronautswillspend30daysontheTiangong-2.Theyplantoperform5.　　　　(science)andspacecraft-relatedexperimentsandtestsystemsforafuturespacestation.In6.　　　　words,theTiangong-2laboratorywillnotbepartofthatspacestation.Itsmaingoalistopractisethetechniquesandthe7.　　　　(technology)thatwillbe8.　　　　(use)tobuildandoperatethatfinalspacestation. ItispredictedthattheChinesespacestationwillbebuiltmostlybymachines.Chinahopestohavethespacestation9.　　　　(complete)by2022anditisexpectedtooperateforatleast10years. Chinaalsoplanstolandaprobe(探測器)onMarsby2020.Untilnow,Chinahascompletedatotaloffivemannedspacemissions.And,in2003,it10.　　　　(successful)landedaprobeonthemoon. Ⅲ.短文改錯 ThereistoomanypeopleandtoomanypollutiononEarth.Ifwemovedtothemoononeday,howwouldlifebelikethere? Inmyopinion,lifewouldbemuchmorecomfortonthemoonthanonEarth.Therewouldbenopollutionandnotrafficjam.Wecouldgowhereverwelikeinoneminutebythespaceship,whichwouldbemuchfastthanatrainoranairplane.Wewouldeatwhateveryoulikewithoutbeingconcernedunhealthyingredients.ThisisaplacewhereIamalwaysdreamingabout. 課時作業(yè)(十四) Ⅰ. A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了新年超級月亮。 1.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“The second comes on the last night of the month, ending up with a lunar eclipse (月食).”和第三段第一句“For those who may miss the night of Jan. 1, an even more charming supermoon will rise on the night of Jan. 31.”可推知,此處的that是指1月31號的超級月亮,故選C。 2.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“That will be the second full moon of the month, which is usually called a ‘blue moon’ because a double full-moon month occurs essentially once in a blue moon—about every 2.5 years.”可知,1月31號的超級月亮是藍月亮,故選A。 3.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“So prepare yourself for the super blue blood moon on the night of the lunar eclipse. To get the full effect of the lunar eclipse, watch at moonset.”可知,作者建議在1月31號月亮落下時觀看月食,故選A。 4.A　標題概括題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Human beings are in for a double treat in January with the appearance of two supermoons.”開篇點題,并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可推知,本文主要講的是兩個新年超級月亮,故選A。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要講述了科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了Proxima b星球,Proxima b星球與地球的情況非常相似。 5.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“…the sky on its world is orange without any blue at all…”可知,Proxima b星球有著橙色的天空,故選A。 6.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“Gold records were sent up into space on Voyager probes in 1977. If aliens (外星人) on Proxima b had played the records, they would have found human voices and pictures that showed the rich diversity of Earth.”可推斷出gold records里有錄制好的聲音,故選C。 7.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“‘Proxima b looks to us like a promising Planet B, just in case things go really south on this blue planet,’ the Chicago Tribune wrote.”這句話的意思是Proxima b是一個有潛力的星球,萬一地球上的情況變糟糕呢,故選D。 8.A　觀點態(tài)度題。最后一段最后一句“‘Proxima b looks to us like a promising Planet B, just in case things go really south on this blue planet,’ the Chicago Tribune wrote.”可知Chicago Tribune認為Proxima b是一個有潛力的星球,以防地球上的情況變糟糕,所以Chicago Tribune對于發(fā)現(xiàn)這個星球非常激動,故選A。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了中國的太空實驗室“天宮2號”的情況。 1.in　考查介詞。酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心地處戈壁灘,表示在某地,故用介詞in。 2.was　考查動詞時態(tài)。與上文was fired呼應(yīng)可知,事情發(fā)生在過去,故用一般過去時,即was。 3.whose　考查定語從句。whose引導非限制性定語從句,在從句中作定語,修飾先行詞Tiangong-2。 4.was placed　考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。與語境last month呼應(yīng)可知,事情發(fā)生在過去,且place和句子主語the lab構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 5.scientific　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。scientific是形容詞,在句子中作定語,修飾名詞experiments。 6.other　考查固定搭配。in other words意為“換句話說”,符合語境,故用other。 7.technologies　考查名詞復數(shù)。與語境the techniques 呼應(yīng)可知,此處用名詞復數(shù)形式作賓語。 8.useful　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知,此處是形容詞作表語,故填useful。 9.completed　考查非謂語動詞。have sth done意為“使某事完成”,符合語境,故用過去分詞作賓語補足語。 10.successfully　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾動詞、副詞、形容詞或者整個句子,在句子中作狀語,故用副詞successfully修飾動詞landed。 Ⅲ.There is too many people and too many pollution on Earth. If we moved to the moon one day, how ┬what ┬are ┬much would life be like there? In my opinion, life would be much more comfort on the moon than on Earth. There would be no ┬comfortable pollution and no traffic jam. We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be ┬jams much fast than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever you like without being concerned ∧┬about unhealthy ┬faster ┬we ingredients. This is a place where 或 where I am always dreaming about. ┬(that"/" which)