高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句法篇復(fù)習(xí)含解析+高中優(yōu)秀作文:行與生活的真諦
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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句法篇復(fù)習(xí)含解析+高中優(yōu)秀作文:行與生活的真諦最常見(jiàn)到的四種特殊句式:全部倒裝、部分倒裝、省略句和反意疑問(wèn)句。1 全部倒裝1. There be 句型:可以用在這類句型中的動(dòng)詞除 be 外,還可用 live,exist,remain,stand 等作謂語(yǔ)。例如:(1) There are many students in the classroom.(2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的句型中,或以 out,in,up,down,away 等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里,以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:Here comes the bus.Out went the children.3. 由 then 引起,謂語(yǔ)為 come,follow 的句子。例如:(1) Then came a new difficulty.(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4. 當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),也常常引起全部倒裝。例如:In the middle of our school stands a high building.5. 表語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。表語(yǔ)常為形容詞、過(guò)去分詞和介詞短語(yǔ)。例如:(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.2 部分倒裝1. only+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首。例如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.注意:①在 only+狀語(yǔ)從句+主句結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)但從句用正常語(yǔ)序。Only when you have finished your homework(從句用正常語(yǔ)序) can you go to the cinema.②only 修飾主語(yǔ),不倒裝。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.2. 否定詞(短語(yǔ))開(kāi)頭的句子:表示否定意義的副詞 never,nor,neither;xk;w表示半否定意義的副詞 hardly,few,seldom,little;含有 no 和 not 的詞組 by no means(絕不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何時(shí)候都不),not until, not only … but also.,no sooner.than(1) Never shall I believe you again.(2) Little did he know who the woman was.(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.3. 以 so 開(kāi)頭,用“so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表明前面敘述的肯定情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物,譯作“也,同樣,也如此”。表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物,用“neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。譯作“也不是,也沒(méi)有”。例如:The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.-I don’t think I can walk any further.—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.注意:當(dāng) so 表示對(duì)前句內(nèi)容的肯定、附和或進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)前面所說(shuō)的情況,譯作“的確,正是”時(shí),用正常語(yǔ)序。例如:— Tom works hard.— So he does and so do you.4. 如果虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)含有 were,should,had,可以把 if省略,而將這三個(gè)詞放于條件句主語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成倒裝。例如:If there should be a flood, what would we do?Should there be a flood, what would we do?5. 頻度副詞及短語(yǔ) often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day 等放在句首時(shí),有時(shí)也倒裝。例如:Many a time has he come to comfort me.6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 例如:May you succeed!3 省略句1. 如果復(fù)合句中的時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語(yǔ)從句用了主語(yǔ)+be+分詞結(jié)構(gòu),且主、從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可省略從句的連接詞、主語(yǔ)和 be 動(dòng)詞,只保留分詞和其他成分。例如:Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (Lost in thought 為 As he was lost in thought 的省略)2. 如復(fù)合句中從句的句尾和主句相重復(fù)的話,從句的句尾可省略。例如:(1) Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).(2) Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won’t (sweep the floor).3. 在回答問(wèn)句及其他形式的答語(yǔ)中,如有和上文重復(fù)的不定式時(shí),在答語(yǔ)中只保留其不定式符號(hào) to,而把動(dòng)詞和其他部分省略。例如:— I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?— Not at all. I’d be happy to. (I’d be happy to 后省略了 look after your cat)4. 在英語(yǔ)中,有一些特殊的省略結(jié)構(gòu),如:What/How about.? Why not do.?等實(shí)際上已形成了習(xí)慣用法。例如:— I usually go there by train.— Why not try going by boat for a change?4 反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句是指當(dāng)提問(wèn)的人對(duì)前面所敘述的事實(shí)不敢肯定,而需要向?qū)Ψ郊右宰C實(shí)時(shí)所提出的問(wèn)句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)句。完成后一部分簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)句時(shí),要根據(jù)前面陳述句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和人稱來(lái)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn),前后兩部分的人稱和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分為否定式,后一部分要用肯定式。1、反意疑問(wèn)句的一般情況(1) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是 everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody 等時(shí),其附加部分的主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)全部可用they,強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體也可用 he。例如:Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t he?Everyone knows what money means, doesn’t he/don’t they?(2) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞 this,that 或 these,those時(shí),附加問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)分別用 it 和 they。例如:This is important, isn’t it?These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?(3) 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是 everything,anything,nothing 等時(shí),附加問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用 it。例如:Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?(4) 陳述部分帶有否定詞或半否定詞,如:never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none, no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little 等,附加問(wèn)句一般用肯定式。例如:She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?2、常見(jiàn)句型的反意疑問(wèn)句(1) 當(dāng)陳述部分是 there be 句型時(shí),其后的附加問(wèn)句也用there。There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow, won’t there?(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)題:①祈使句是否定形式,附加疑問(wèn)部分只能用 will you。Don’t forget the meeting, will you?xk,w②祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑問(wèn)部分用肯定、否定均可。Give me some cigarettes, will you/ won’t you?3、復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)陳述部分是“I’m sure,I’m afraid,I don’t think (suppose,expect,imagine,believe 等)+賓語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)與從句主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,但要注意陳述部分的否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。例如:I’m sure that he is late for school, isn’t he?I don’t think she cares, does she?4、關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句(1) 陳述部分中有 have/had to,附加疑問(wèn)句部分通常用 do 的相應(yīng)形式代替。例如:You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus, don’t you?(2) 陳述部分中是 mustn’t 表示“禁止”時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句部分用 must;陳述部分中的 must 表示“一定、想必”等推測(cè)意義時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句部分則是根據(jù)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或其助動(dòng)詞來(lái)定。例如:You mustn’t walk on the grass, must you?You must be very thirsty, aren’t you? (對(duì)想在情況的推測(cè))It must have snowed last night, didn’t it? (對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè))(3) 陳述部分是 I wish,表示詢問(wèn)或征求意見(jiàn),附加疑問(wèn)部分用 may I。例如:I wish to see you again, may I?5 強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型1. 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))+ that/ who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人)+ 其他部分。eg. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他撞見(jiàn)李萍是在昨天。2. 一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:同上,只是把 is/ was 提到 it前面。eg. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句:針對(duì) I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ):It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ):It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ):It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.4. 注意:構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的 it 本身沒(méi)有詞義;強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用 that, who,即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此,that, who 不可省略;強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),用 It was …… ,其余的時(shí)態(tài)用 It is …… 6 not … until … 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型為:It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其他部分eg. 普通句:He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.強(qiáng)調(diào)句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意:此句型只用 until,不用 till.7 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)It is/ was …… that …… 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ),如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞 do/ does 或 did.eg. Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫(xiě)了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí),務(wù)必(千萬(wàn))要小心??!注意:此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用 do/ does 和 did,沒(méi)有別的形式;過(guò)去時(shí)用 did,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形?!菊骖}演練】【2017·天津卷】It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】【2016·江蘇】.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encouraged B. had they encouragedC. did they encourage D. they encouraged【答案】C【解析】地區(qū)開(kāi)展與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。故 C 正確?!?015·湖南】Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keep B. to have keptC.keep D.have kept【答案】C 高中優(yōu)秀作文:行與生活的真諦你駕著馬車(chē)在這崎嶇的路上不停地奔波,馬車(chē)上顛簸著你的美酒與寂寞,你愿意車(chē)子能永遠(yuǎn)不停,然而馬突然頓住了,你定睛一看,路,走到了盡頭。真的沒(méi)有路了?你一陣暈眩,不由自主的,你已淚濕雙目,聲聲抽泣轉(zhuǎn)為號(hào)啕大哭……言行,是出人意料的。雪花狂翔,玉宇成瑞,好一片雪夜!你不禁來(lái)了興致,于是執(zhí)書(shū)抱酒,踏雪尋友!哦,你是要找山陰郡的王遼么?你迫不及待地登上船連呼要快,船走了。過(guò)了些時(shí)候終于到了他的家門(mén)口。然而,你竟又要掉頭而走,船侍驚詫地轉(zhuǎn)向你,你一臉地坦然:“我本是乘興而來(lái),興致盡了,便回去?!彼枷胧浅鋈艘饬系?。而我心卻已了然。泥路高低不平,阮藉信馬由韁任其前行,只愿轉(zhuǎn)移那抑郁蔓延著的心情。司馬大權(quán)下,你嬉笑怒罵,偃仰嘯歌,世俗的禮法讓你顯得如此不和諧;亂世于你不容;如今天地于你不容。天穹蒼茫,竟也載不下你的孤歌與漂泊。于是,你只有身心俱裂地來(lái)一句“窮途之哭”了。馬不識(shí)途,天不知音。這一哭,東風(fēng)嗚咽,孤雁哀鳴,倒也在情理之中了。王子猷是個(gè)那么放浪形骸的人,他的興至而歌、興去而悲也是讓人只覺(jué)得可愛(ài)而不覺(jué)頑劣。這一個(gè)個(gè)千古的流傳卻已讓人覺(jué)得合乎情、順乎理了。生活便是這樣。有許多的出乎意料讓人耐不住揣摩,然而,要結(jié)合其人,結(jié)合其事,細(xì)細(xì)想來(lái),竟成了真哲。因?yàn)闆](méi)有一眼看到盡頭的路,即使路很平坦。因?yàn)闆](méi)有無(wú)變化的云彩,即使其姿態(tài)看上去都是輕逸而淡白。它們展于人、顯于世的情態(tài)往往讓你措手不及。可是,路需要走,方知其中的延綿與悠遠(yuǎn);云需要賞,才能懂其變幻的意韻與神奇。生活的意韻悠長(zhǎng),合情合理,其實(shí)都蘊(yùn)于那不可理喻的措手不及,不是嗎?- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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