高考英語《名詞性從句》九大高考熱點分析.doc

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名詞性從句九大高考熱點分析 名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因為它是從句，因此具有句子的結(jié)構(gòu)特點（即有一套主謂成份）；同時又具有名詞性特點，所以可以在復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語。名詞性從句是中學英語學習的重點，也是高考的主要考點之一。我們必須弄懂和掌握以下熱點問題。 一、連接詞what與that的用法區(qū)別。 引導主、賓、表語從句時，what要充當主語、賓語或表語等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在語法上起連接的作用。例如 ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 解析：本句包含一個主語從句和一個賓語從句，且兩個從句都缺乏賓語，可見兩個引導詞都必須充當成分，所以答案是A。又如： ____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 解析：該題答案是A，what在主語從句中作主語，即作謂語動詞caused的執(zhí)行者。在下面的例句中，that不充當任何成份，只起語法連接作用（因為句子本身不缺成分）： That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 二、 連接詞whether和if的用法區(qū)別。 通常，引導主語從句、表語從句和引導同位語從句時，要用連詞whether，不用if；習慣上也只能說whether or not，而不說if …or not。例如： ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 解析：試題中的從句位于句首，不難知道這是一個主語從句，所以答案是C。但是在賓語從句中表達“是否”既可用if也可用whether。 三、 名詞性從句的語序。 與別的從句一樣，名詞性從句必須用陳述語序。例如: No one can be sure ____ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 解析：由于從句不能倒裝，所以答案只能是A。又如： You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 解析：答案是B。同時還須注意，從句的引導詞必須始終置于句首，而且how和被修飾的詞excited不能分裂開。 四、 形式主語、形式賓語。 當主語從句較長，而謂語較短時，常常將從句后置，而用it作為形式主語，置于句首。 動詞后接復(fù)合賓語，也可用it作形式賓語。例如: ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 解析：所需詞至于句首，同時后面有that-從句（邏輯主語），可見這里應(yīng)該用形式主語it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等動詞后常帶復(fù)合賓語。例如： Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen. 五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別。 一般說來，what/who等含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無論什么/無論誰”。例如： It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 解析：答案是B，whatever引導一個賓語從句，并且作wants的賓語。這里的whatever不能改成what，因為題意想表達的顯然是“無論孩子要什么就給他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同時要注意，這里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因為后者只能引導狀語從句。又如： ____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 解析：答案是D，whoever意為“無論誰”，表泛指。比較下例： I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. （這里的who表特定的某人） 六、 Where, when, why等連接副詞引導的名詞性從句。 Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導名詞性從句，使用的關(guān)鍵是：這個詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義要求。例如： — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ____ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. that D. where 解析：答案是A，why引導的從句作表語，同時why在從句中作原因狀語。這里之所以選why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依據(jù)便是句子的邏輯含義，及語境。又如（MET94）； —Do you remember ____ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. How B. when C. that D. if 解析：答案是A，從答語 “he came by car”可知這里問的是“he”來的方式，所以用how引導。 七．“介詞+who(m)引導的賓語從句”與“介詞+ whom”引導的定語從句的區(qū)別。 介詞后面的引導詞用主格還是賓格，決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語。例如： It was a matter of ____ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 解析：答案是A。這是一個含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，作介詞of賓語的，是后面的整個句子，而不是賓語從句的引導詞，由于這里引導詞在從句中作主語，所以要用主格who（作賓語時自然要用whom）。比較下例： Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home. 這是一個“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句；引導定語從句的是“most of+關(guān)系代詞”而不只是這個關(guān)系代詞，同時這個引導詞又作介詞of的賓語，所以要用賓格whom。（注意與介詞后面的賓語從句的引導詞的用法進行比較和區(qū)別。） 八、連接詞that的省略。 引導賓語從句時，that通常可以省略，但引導主語、表語和同位語從句時，that不能省。例如： China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that 解析：該句中的從句作shows的賓語，是賓語從句，又因為從句中不缺主、賓語，所以只能用that引導；又因引導賓語從句時that可以省略，所以答案是C。 九、同位語從句引導詞where, when的用法特點。 說明先行詞內(nèi)容的同位語從句的引導詞where, when與被說明的名詞在概念上不一致。但引導定語從句的引導詞卻必須保持一致。是比較： Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money. This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago. A. where B. that C. about which D. in which 解析：答案分別是(1) A (2) A/D。先行詞與where, when概念一致時，是定語從句，（2）中的house與where同表地點，且這個關(guān)系副詞where或when可以用“介詞+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引導。（1）題中的question與where不表同一概念，可見是同位語從句，所以where不能改用“介詞+which”的形式。 2004-07年高考題 1.(07全國Ⅱ17) matters most in learning English is enough practice. A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 答案 A 解析 本題考查主語從句，且從句中缺少主語，所以A項正確。 2.(07天津15) The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine andsoft sands make it is. A.what B.which C.how D.where 答案 A 解析 句意為：每年夏天這兒的海邊都吸引大量的游客。溫暖的陽光和柔軟的沙灘使海邊成了現(xiàn)在的樣子。 what引導賓語從句，且what在從句中作表語，意為“……的（東西）”。 3.(07安徽33) You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future. A.that;what B.what;/ C.which;that D./;that 答案 B 解析 what引導賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語；that引導定語從句，并在從句中作賓語，可以省略。 4.(07湖南28) Having checked the doors were closed，and all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A.why B.that C.when D.where 答案 B 解析 句意為：確保門關(guān)上了，且所有的燈都關(guān)上了之后，那個男孩打開門進了他的臥室。checked后跟了兩 個賓語從句，第一個從句的引導詞that省略了。 5.(07陜西8) parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A.That B.Which C.What D.As 答案 C 解析 本題考查名詞性從句的選用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處主語從句缺少動詞say and do的賓語，故用what。 6.(07浙江5) Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? That’s the best jobs are. A.where B.what C.when D.why 答案 A 解析 本題考查名詞性從句。句意為：為什么不到市中心商業(yè)區(qū)去碰碰運氣呢，鮑勃？那是最好的工作所在的地方。where“……的地方”，在此引導表語從句。 7.(07福建35) It is none of your business other people think about you.Believe yourself. A.how B.what C.which D.when 答案 B 解析 本題考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it作形式主語，而真正的主語應(yīng)為后面的從句，且從句中缺 少動詞think的賓語，故用what引導。 8.(07江蘇25) Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for. A.what B.why C.how D.whether 答案 A 解析 what引導的名詞性從句作介詞on的賓語， what在從句中又充當介詞for的賓語，其他選項為副詞或連 詞，無此作用。 9.(07山東22) Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales，please? A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.no matter who 答案 C 解析 whoever在句中引導名詞性從句，作介詞to的賓語，whoever在從句中作主語；no matter who只能引導讓步狀語從句。 10.(07山東24) worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. A.This B.That C.What D.It 答案 D 解析 it在句中代指所發(fā)生的事情，the way在句中作方式狀語，同時又作了先行詞，其后為定語從句，省略了引導詞that或in which。 11.(06北京29) — Could you do me a favor? — It depends on it is. A.which B.whichever C.what D.whatever 答案 C 解析 疑問詞+ever引導讓步狀語從句或名詞性從句，但句意為：要看幫什么忙了。所以whatever不合適。 12.(06天津4) What we used to think impossible now does seem possible. A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 答案 B 解析 由句意“我們以前認為不可能的事現(xiàn)在看起來的確是可能的”和謂語動詞used to think可知空格處的 謂語部分應(yīng)該表達過去意義。 13.(06山東27) team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A.No matter what B.No matter whichC.Whatever D.Whichever 答案 D 解析 由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知此空白處應(yīng)選擇連詞引導主語從句，且在主語從句中作team的定語使用，選項中只有whichever和whichever可同時具備這兩種功能，且從數(shù)個已知的隊中選擇一個，故選whichever。 14. (06安徽29) A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A.if B.when C.that D.which 答案 C 解析 that引導同位語從句，解釋a warm thought的具體內(nèi)容。that只起連接作用，但不能省略。 15. (06四川30) —It’s thirty years since we last met. —But I still remember the story，believe it or not， we got lost on a rainy night. A.which B.that C.what D.when 答案 B 解析 that引導同位語從句。which引導定語從句在從句中要作成分；when引導定語從句缺少表時間的先行詞。 16.(06全國Ⅰ23) See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A.when B.which C.where D.what 答案 D 解析 本題考查了表語從句的用法。由句中句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺一表語從句引導詞，而且要在句中作did的賓語，故只有what符合要求。 17.(06全國Ⅱ16) —What did your parents think about your decision? —They always let me do I think I should. A.when B.that C.how D.what 答案 D 解析 what可以在賓語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。在本題中作動詞do的賓語。 18.(06遼寧30) makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever 答案 A 解析 what引導主語從句，并作從句的主語，what=the thing that。 19.(05全國Ⅰ23) Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game. A.why B.what C.who D.that 答案 A 解析 介詞on后是一個句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可判知該句為賓語從句，因從句中不缺少主語、賓語，所以what、who不對；that引導名詞性從句時，不在從句中作任何成分，也不表達任何意義，所以不合題意；why在此引導賓語從句，并且在從句中作原因狀語。句意為：瑪麗寫了一篇關(guān)于該隊為什么沒有贏得比賽的文章。 20.(05天津2) Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth. A./ B.whether C.how D.what 答案 B 解析 從語法上分析，and后面的部分也應(yīng)是tell的賓語，所以要填一個賓語從句引導詞。what在從句中無成分可作，所以不合適；how則意義不對；而whether正合句意。 21.(05遼寧29) Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom? A.that B.what C.as D.which 答案 B 解析 在這里，所填詞引導的從句是對前面名詞idea內(nèi)容的解釋，所以應(yīng)是同位語從句。同位語從句中缺主語，根據(jù)題意，答案應(yīng)為what。 22.(05浙江15) Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon. A.who B.that C.as D.which 答案 B 解析 that引導的從句作word“口信”的同位語，別的引導詞不合適。 23.(05福建26) Mum is coming.What present for your birthday? A.you expect she has got B.you expect has she got C.do you expect she has got D.do you expect has she got 答案 C 解析 本題考查雙重疑問句，因此插入語為一般疑問句形式；do you except，故排除A、B兩項；另外在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，expect引導賓語從句，賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序。所以選C項。 24.(05湖南35) I was surprised by her words，which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A.what B.that C.how D.which 答案 A 解析 句意為：我對她的話很吃驚，它迫使我承認我犯了多么愚蠢的錯誤。本題考查賓語從句連接詞的用法。從句表感嘆，中心詞為名詞，所以選what。 25.(05重慶34) The old lady’s hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before，and ，only because of this，she had been forced to give up her job. A.when;how B.how;when C.how;how D.why;why 答案 C 解析 本題考查的是動詞explain后引導的賓語從句的引導詞的選用。第一空用how較易，但第二空很多考生填when，其實在前一分句中已有時間狀語，故此處用when明顯不對，仍然需用how引導，即“她是如何被迫放棄工作的”。 26.(05山東26) The shopkeeper did not want to sell for he thought was not enough. A.where B.howC.what D.which 答案 C 解析 what引導從句作介詞for的賓語。what在從句中作主語，此處what可以分解為the money that。句意為：店主不想以在他看來不足夠高的價錢來賣東西。 27.(05江西33) The way he did it was different we were used to. A.in whichB.in what C.from what D.from which 答案 C 解析 be different from...為固定搭配短語。what引導from的賓語從句并在句中作介詞to的賓語。 28.(05安徽32) Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer it was 20 years ago， it was so poorly equipped. A.what;when B.that;whichC.what;which D.which;that 答案 A 解析 第一個從句是表語從句并在從句中作表語，所以用what；后面是一個when引導的定語從句，其先行詞是20 years ago。 29.(04廣東25) Parents are taught to understand how important education is totheir children’s future. A.that B.how C.such D.so 答案 B 解析 本題關(guān)鍵是對句子的理解和語序的安排。拋開從句不看的話，從句中的原句應(yīng)該是：Education is important to their children’s future。強調(diào)important，用how來修飾，再把它提前，所以應(yīng)該選how。 30.(04全國Ⅰ31) You are saying that everyone should be equal，and this is I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how 答案 B 解析 where引導表語從句，where指的是在某一點上，相當于at the point。句意為：你說每個人都應(yīng)該平等，在這一點上，我不同意你的說法。disagree是不及物動詞，所以不能用what。 31.(04天津35) A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago. A.what B.which C.that D.where 答案 A 解析 in后接賓語從句，賓語從句中缺少句子的主語，要用what作主語。 32.(04北京31) We can’t figure out quite a number of insects，birds，and animals are dying out. A.that B.as C.why D.when 答案 C 解析 本題考查引導賓語從句的引導詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞are dying out可排除as、when兩項。figure out有“理解，想出；計算”等意。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選why。 33.(04湖南24) I think father would like to know I’ve been up to so far，so I decide to send him a quick note. A.which B.why C.what D.how 答案 C 解析 此句關(guān)鍵在于弄清短語be up to該短語意思是：忙于，從事，其中to為介詞，所以需要一個代詞，根據(jù)句意，只能用what。 34.(04上海春38) The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed. A.as B.which C.what D.that 答案 C 解析 at后接賓語從句，當賓語從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語時，要用what引導。此句中what作賓語從句的主語。 35.(04上海春41) Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me this coming Christmas. A.which B.that C.what D.whether 答案 B 解析 本題考查同位語從句。句意為:他在信中承諾：在即將到來的圣誕節(jié)來看望我。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出promise后的從句非常完整，不缺少任何句子成份；由題意可知該從句用以說明promise的內(nèi)容，所以可判斷出是一個同位語從句，因為是在陳述一個事實，故引導詞要用that。