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摘 要
在傳統(tǒng)的立式鉆床、銑床與新型數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，開(kāi)發(fā)了以鉆削為主，并兼有攻絲、銑削等功能，且備有刀庫(kù)并能夠自動(dòng)更換刀具來(lái)對(duì)工件進(jìn)行多工序加工的數(shù)控機(jī)床—鉆削中心。本文主要針對(duì)鉆削中心的主軸系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。在本設(shè)計(jì)中，主軸調(diào)速取消了齒輪變速機(jī)構(gòu)，而是由交流電動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)調(diào)速；主軸與電機(jī)軸之間采用多楔帶傳動(dòng)；主軸內(nèi)部刀具的自動(dòng)夾緊，則采用了碟形彈簧與氣壓傳動(dòng)技術(shù)；主軸的垂直進(jìn)給采用了半閉環(huán)伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)；主軸的支承采用了適應(yīng)高剛度要求的軸承配置。總之，通過(guò)對(duì)主軸系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，使系統(tǒng)滿(mǎn)足了鉆削中心高效、高加工精度的要求。
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關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控技術(shù)；鉆削中心；主軸系統(tǒng)
Abstract
In the traditional vertical drilling machine, CNC milling machine and new technology on the basis of developing a drilling mainly, and both tapping, milling, and other functions, With cutting tool can automatically replace the multi-process workpiece machining CNC machine tools – Drilling Center.This paper is concerned with the drilling spindle system design. In this design, the spindle speed of the complete elimination of the variable speed gear, and a fully by the AC motor is to be achieved. Wedge Belt Drive is used between spindle and motor shaft. Internal spindle automatic tool clamping, the use of a disc spring with pressure transmission technology;The vertical axis feed using a semi-closed-loop servo control system; The supporting of spindle uses high stiffness requirements of the bearing arrangement.?In short, through the spindle system design, allowing the system to meet the drilling center efficient, high-precision processing of the request.
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Keywords：NC technology?；Drilling Center?；Spindle system
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床的概念 1
1.2 數(shù)控機(jī)床的組成 1
1.3 數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.4 設(shè)計(jì)的目的與意義 4
第2章 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定 5
2.1 設(shè)計(jì)方案 5
2.2 方案的可行性分析 6
2.2.1 鉆銷(xiāo)中心的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn) 6
2.2.2 本設(shè)計(jì)的創(chuàng)新之處 7
第3章 鉆削中心主軸部件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.1 主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.1.1 主軸的基本尺寸參數(shù)的確定 8
3.1.2 主軸端部結(jié)構(gòu) 9
3.1.3 主軸刀具自動(dòng)夾緊機(jī)構(gòu) 10
3.1.4 主軸的驗(yàn)算 12
3.1.5 主軸材料和熱處理的選擇 16
3.2 主軸傳動(dòng)部件的設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.2.1 傳動(dòng)方式的選擇 17
3.2.2 多楔帶帶輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 18
3.2.3 多楔帶的選擇及帶輪尺寸參數(shù)的確定 20
3.2.4 傳動(dòng)帶在主軸上的位置 22
3.3 主軸軸承 23
3.3.1 主軸軸承的選用 23
3.3.2 主軸軸承的配置 25
3.3.3 滾動(dòng)軸承調(diào)整和預(yù)緊方法 26
3.3.4 主軸軸承的潤(rùn)滑 27
3.4 碟形彈簧的設(shè)計(jì) 29
3.4.1 鉆削力分析 29
3.4.2 碟形彈簧設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 30
3.4.3 碟形彈簧的校核 33
3.5 氣缸的設(shè)計(jì) 35
3.5.1 氣缸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 35
3.5.2 氣動(dòng)回路選擇 38
第4章 主軸進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 41
4.1 概述 41
4.1.1 伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的組成 41
4.1.2 伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的類(lèi)型 41
4.2 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 43
4.2.1 主要參數(shù)的設(shè)定 43
4.2.2 切削力的估算 43
4.2.3 滾珠絲杠副設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 43
4.2.4 絲杠的校核 46
4.2.5 選伺服系統(tǒng)和檢測(cè)裝置 49
4.2.6 伺服電機(jī)選擇 49
結(jié) 論 51
致 謝 52
參考文獻(xiàn) 53
CONTENTS
Abstract I
CONTENTS Ⅲ
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 The concept of NC machine tool 1
1.2 The composition of CNC machine tools 1
1.3 CNC technology development status and development trend 1
1.4 The purpose of design and meaning 4
Chapter 2 The overall design scheme 5
2.1 Design scheme 5
2.2.1 Thedesign characteristics of drilling center 6
2.2.2 The innovation of the design 7
Chapter 3 Spindle nd components design 8
3.1 Spindle structure design 8
3.1.1 The decision of the basic parameters of the spindle 8
3.1.2 Spindle structure 9
3.1.3 Spindle tool automatically clamping institutions 10
3.1.4 Checking of the spindle 12
3.1.5 Spindle material and heat treatment options 16
3.2 Spindle drive components design 17
3.2.1 The choice of the ways of driving 17
3.2.2 The design of the half-axis belt pulleys 18
3.2.3 The choice of the half-axis belt pulleys parameters 20
3.2.4 The position of the drive belt in the spindle 22
3.3 Selection of spindle bearings 23
3.3.1 selection of spindle bearings 23
3.3.2 Configuration of spindle bearings 25
3.3.3 Ajustment of rolling bearings 26
3.3.4 Lubrication of spindle bearings 27
3.4 Design of the disc sping 29
3.4.1 Analysis of the drilling force 29
3.4.2 Design of the disc spring 30
3.4.3 Disc spring 33
3.5 Cylinder design 35
3.5.1 The structure design of cylinder 35
3.5.2 Pneumatic circuit selection 38
Chapter 4 Spindle feed system design 41
4.1 Summary 41
4.1.1 Servo feed system 41
4.1.2 Servo feed system type 41
4.2 Feed system design 43
4.2.1 Determination of main design parameters 43
4.2.2 Estimation of the cutting force 43
4.2.3 Design and calculation of ball screw pair 43
4.2.4 Screw check 46
4.2.5 Selection of servo system and detecting device 49
4.2.6 Servo motor selection 49
Conclusion 51
Thanks 52
References 53
VI