2020版高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)作業(yè)14 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版必修3

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1、課 時(shí) 作 業(yè)14　 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2019·臨沂市臨沭高三階段性檢測(cè)) Sitting under the national flag and separated from the media by a transparent glass wall, 50-year-old Jing Haipeng and 37-year-old Chen Dong appeared calm as they prepare to be part of, what is scheduled to be, China's longest-ever manned spaceflight mission

2、. The two were scheduled to spend a total of 33 days in orbit. This would be the 3rd trip into space for veteran Chinese astronaut Jing Haipeng. He has been on the Shenzhou-7 mission in 2008 and the Shenzhou-9 mission in 2012. The mission's commander was also part of docking missions (太空對(duì)接任務(wù)) on bo

3、th his previous space flights, giving him the experience needed to help dock Shenzhou-11 with Tiangong-2. Jing Haipeng said, “With the past 18 years of intensive professional astronaut training, together with the two previous experiences I've had flying in space, I'm very confident and determined th

4、at this mission is going to be a great success. Personally, I'm much calmer and in a more positive head-space than I was during my previous missions. I'm very proud to be here to greet our country. I know my confidence is shared with the rest of our entire space program.” With an unblemished flight

5、 record of 15 hundred hours as a pilot, 37-year-old Chen Dong was chosen in 2010 to be part of the next generation of Chinese astronauts. He too said he was confident of heading into the mission, even though it would be his first time in space. “I have the chance to join my first mission after 6 yea

6、rs of intensive training and learning. For me, the timing is perfect—not too early, but not too late either. When we train, Jing is my teacher. In life, he is my brother. He is so dedicated, and demands only the best from me and the others that he works with. Because of his experience, I am very luc

7、ky to be paired with him on this mission into space.” After being put into orbit, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong were going to conduct a series of experiments, including testing the latest in China's advanced life support systems, as well as scientific research. Wu Ping，deputy director of China's Manne

8、d Space Program, explains the role of the two astronauts in space. “During their mission, the two are essentially back-ups to one-another. They are both capable of piloting the spacecraft, complex management, manual docking as well as handling any emergency situations or malfunctions (故障). While in

9、orbit, they are going to complete a number of maneuvers (演習(xí)) with Shenzhou-11, as well as orbital experiments, demonstrations and tests on human health in space.” 本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，報(bào)道了神州十一號(hào)太空飛船成功將50歲的景海鵬和37歲的陳冬兩位宇航員送入太空。 1．From what Jing Haipeng said we can infer ________. A．previous experience matters a

10、 lot B．the mission's commander helped him C．the Shenzhou-7 mission is to be docked with the Shenzhou-9 D．he lacked confidence during the previous launching 答案：A 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的With the past 18 years of intensive professional astronaut training, together with the two previous experiences I've h

11、ad flying in space, I'm very confident and determined that this mission is going to be a great success.可知，有了過(guò)去十八年的高強(qiáng)度專業(yè)宇航員訓(xùn)練以及他之前的兩次太空飛行經(jīng)驗(yàn)，景海鵬有信心也堅(jiān)信這次任務(wù)將會(huì)圓滿成功。由此可以推斷出過(guò)往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)至關(guān)重要。故選A。 2．The underlined word “unblemished” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”． A．continuous B．surprising C．perf

12、ect D．significant 答案：C 解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的With an unblemished flight record of 15 hundred hours as a pilot, 37-year-old Chen Dong was chosen in 2010 to be part of the next generation of Chinese astronauts.可推知，有安全完美的飛行記錄，才可能被選為宇航員。A.continuous持續(xù)的；B.surprising令人驚訝的；C.perfect完美的；D.significant重大的。故選C。

13、 3．What made Chen Dong a qualified astronaut? A．His confidence of heading into the mission. B．His intensive training and learning. C．His luck to be paired with Jing Haipeng. D．His experience of conducting a series of experiment. 答案：B 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的I have the chance to join my first mission a

14、fter 6 years of intensive training and learning.可知，經(jīng)過(guò)六年的高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)，陳冬終于有能力可以執(zhí)行他的第一次太空任務(wù)。故選B。 4．Where would you most probably see the text? A．In a newspaper. B．In a science journal. C．In a travel magazine. D．In a government document. 答案：A 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Sitting under the national flag and separ

15、ated from the media by a transparent glass wall, 50-year-old Jing Haipeng and 37-year-old Chen Dong appeared calm as they prepare to be part of, what is scheduled to be, China's longest-ever manned spaceflight mission.可知，50歲的景海鵬和37歲的陳冬坐在國(guó)旗下方，與媒體僅一堵透明玻璃墻之隔，看上去氣定神閑，他們即將展開中國(guó)史上持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的載人飛行任務(wù)。由此可推斷出本文出自報(bào)紙

16、上的新聞報(bào)道。故選A。 Ⅱ.七選五 (2019·聊城市高三月考) Rumors (謠言) are not always nasty, but they can be especially annoying when the rumormonger spreads something against you. Unfortunately, you can't just stop nasty rumors just by telling one person it isn't true. __1__. However, there are better ways to handle rumo

17、rs. Simply apply the tips below and see which ones suit you best： Clear the air Set things straight. __2__. That is definitely more effective than just telling one person about it. Confront the source Go after the rumormonger in the first place. Most gossip starters don't really expect people to

18、 come after them, so you'll have the element of surprise. However, don't attack that person physically or otherwise. Simply approach that person and tell him that he has it all wrong. It's best to do this when you're in a room full of people. __3__. Ignore it __4__. Rumors come and go. Most of the

19、 time, it dies down and a new issue takes its place. If the rumor isn't all that bad and doesn't really affect you in any way, perhaps it's better to let this one slide. __5__ If you find yourself battling with a rumor in the workplace, it's important to tell your boss about it. Rumors, especially

20、 nasty ones, can make an influence on your work performance and how other people think of you. A．Tell your boss B．Turn to your best friend C．If it were that easy, rumors wouldn't be such a problem D．You should do something to make the situation better for you E．Some people simply choose to igno

21、re the rumor spread about them F．Arrange a formal meeting to address the issue with many more people G．Thus, others will also hear the truth and the rumor starter won't go on 本文是一篇哲理性文章。謠言并不總是令人討厭，但當(dāng)造謠者對(duì)你進(jìn)行攻擊時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)特別討厭。然而，選擇下面最適合你的建議就可以處理好謠言。 1．C　解析：上文提到“不幸的是，你不能僅僅通過(guò)告訴一個(gè)人這不是真的來(lái)阻止流言蜚語(yǔ)。”承接上文，C項(xiàng)If

22、 it were that easy, rumors wouldn't be such a problem“如果有這么容易，謠言就不會(huì)是這樣的問(wèn)題了?！鼻蓄}。該項(xiàng)中的that easy 和just by telling one person相吻合。 2．F　解析：下文提示“這肯定比只告訴一個(gè)人更有效。”承接下文，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Arrange a formal meeting to address the issue with many more people“安排一次正式會(huì)議，與更多的人討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題?！鼻蓄}。下文中的That指的就是F項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。 3．G　解析：上文提示“當(dāng)你在一個(gè)滿是人的房間里時(shí)，最

23、好這樣做?！背薪由衔?，G項(xiàng) Thus, others will also hear the truth and the rumor starter won't go on“因此，其他人也會(huì)聽到真相，謠言制造者就不會(huì)繼續(xù)。”切題。 4．E　解析：本段的小標(biāo)題是Ignore it“忽視它”，再根據(jù)下文提示“謠言來(lái)來(lái)去去。”承接下文，E項(xiàng)Some people simply choose to ignore the rumor spread about them“有些人只是選擇忽略關(guān)于他們的謠言”切題。 5．A　解析：此空是一個(gè)小標(biāo)題，應(yīng)該用短小精悍的祈使句，在A、B兩項(xiàng)中選擇。根據(jù)本段第一句I

24、f you find yourself battling with a rumor in the workplace, it's important to tell your boss about it.“如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在工作場(chǎng)所與謠言作斗爭(zhēng)，那么告訴你的老板這件事是很重要的?！庇纱丝芍?，A項(xiàng)Tell your boss“告訴你的老板”切題。此處關(guān)鍵詞為boss。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 (2019·榆林市第一中學(xué)高三調(diào)研) In science fiction, space __1__ (describe) as a silent, empty place but things are diff

25、erent. In fact, all of the equipment __2__ (use)to keep a space station functioning can be so noisy __3__ the astronauts working there cannot talk with one another __4__ (easy)—they have to shout. The high levels of sound may affect their work, and can sometimes even mean that they are __5__ (able)

26、to sleep. In addition, they must face other problems in space. Scientists have found over 70,000 items of rubbish __6__ still remain in orbit (軌道) around the earth. Most of them are __7__ (small)than a tennis ball, but they still threaten (威脅) the __8__ (safe)of exploring in space. Even a small piec

27、e of metal could cause a terrible disaster if it hit a manned spacecraft. Although generally astronauts do make an effort __9__ (bring) most of their rubbish home, they don't always manage it. And they don't just leave their rubbish in space either. There is even a broken camera behind on __10__ moo

28、n. 本文介紹了太空中有很多噪音，以至于在那里工作的宇航員彼此之間不能容易地交談，有時(shí)甚至意味著他們不能睡覺(jué)，并且太空中還有許多太空垃圾。 1．is_described　解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。space與describe之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。綜上所述，應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，填is described。 2．used　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。all of the equipment與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，填used。 3．that　解析：考查固定用法。所有的設(shè)備都太吵鬧了，以至于在那里工作的宇航員彼此之間不能容易地

29、交談。so...that太……以至于，是固定用法，所以填that。 4．easily　解析：考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)talk with用副詞，所以填easily。 5．unable　解析：考查形容詞。有時(shí)甚至意味著他們不能睡覺(jué)。作be動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)，用形容詞，所以填unable。 6．that/which　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。__6__ still remain in orbit (軌道) around the earth 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞items of rubbish，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，所以填that/which。 7．smaller　解析：考查比較級(jí)。由than

30、a tennis ball可判斷這里需要使用比較級(jí)，所以填smaller。 8．safety　解析：考查名詞。作threaten的賓語(yǔ)，所以用名詞，填safety。 9．to_bring　解析：考查固定用法。make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事，是固定用法，所以填to bring。 10．the　解析：考查冠詞。表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西，用定冠詞the。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2019·山東省德州市高三調(diào)研) Dear Mr Johnson， I've learned from a newspaper that some clerks are want in

31、your company. I am eager to be one of them. So I am writing a letter to you. My name is Wang Ping. I was born in Hebei Province and I am in good healthy. I do very well in all subject, especially English. I can read in English documents and speak English fluent as well. Besides, I know a little Fren

32、ch, that may be helpful to the business. It is said that your company are very famous and well managed. I'll appreciate if I can work with you. I am looking forward to hear from you soon. Yours sincerely， Wang Ping 答案 Dear Mr Johnson， I've learned from a newspaper that some clerks are in you

33、r company. I am eager to be one of them. So I am writing letter to you. My name is Wang Ping. I was born in Hebei Province and I am in good . I do very well in all ， especially English. I can read English documents and speak English as well. Besides, I know a little French, may be helpful to the

34、 business. It is said that your company very famous and well managed. I'll appreciate if I can work with you. I am looking forward to from you soon. Yours sincerely， Wang Ping Ⅴ.書面表達(dá) (2019·河北省張家口市高三月考) 假定你是李華， 你校將舉辦“品茶學(xué)文化”活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)寫一封郵件邀請(qǐng)你校英國(guó)交換生Kristin參加。要點(diǎn)如下： 1．活動(dòng)的時(shí)間與地點(diǎn)； 2．提前了解茶的歷史及種類。 注意：1.

35、詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)， 以使行文連貫。 Dear Kristin， How's everything going? I'm_Li_Hua,_writing_to_invite_you_to_ attend_an_activity_named_“Tasting_tea,_learning_Chinese_culture”． The_activity_will_be_held_in_our_school_hall_next_Friday,_which_lasts_about_one_hour_from_18：00_to_19：00._As_you_know,_Chine

36、se_ tea_culture_has_a_long_history_and_there_are_various_types_of_tea,_each_kind_possessing_different_functions._For_example,_green_tea_enables_us_to_have_a_clear_and_fresh_mind_while_Pu'er_tea_helps_us_to_sleep._Therefore,_looking_for_more_information_about_tea_culture_and_types_beforehand_allows_you_to_have_a_better_understanding_of_the_activity._I'm_sure_you_will_love_it. Hope_you_can_make_it_next_Friday._Looking_forward_to_your_timely_reply. Yours， Li Hua 7