八年級英語暑假專題 完形填空題及其解決方法 北京實(shí)驗(yàn)版 知識精講

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1、此資料由網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集而來，如有侵權(quán)請告知上傳者立即刪除。資料共分享，我們負(fù)責(zé)傳遞知識。 八年級英語暑假專題 完形填空題及其解決方法 北京實(shí)驗(yàn)版 【本講教育信息】 一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 初中英語完形填空題及其解決方法 二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用知識的能力 三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用知識的能力 四、重點(diǎn)知識講解： 完形填空是初中英語試題中固定而重要的題型。它是一種障礙性的測試題。在一定程度上考查我們的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力。這種題型歸納起來有如下特點(diǎn)： 1. 在整份試卷中所占的分值較重，占10—15％，長度一般在150—200個單詞左右。

2、 2. 降低了對單詞本身的考查要求，重點(diǎn)考查考生對短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，情理分析及推理判斷能力。 3. 針對我們的實(shí)際水平，一般采用故事體，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章或論文體。近年來出現(xiàn)了以意義選擇為主、語法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢。 “完形填空”有多種形式，但它在基本設(shè)計原則上都是一致的。形式都是從短文中抽去若干詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，可以提供四個答案（其中包括一個正確答案），讓考生選出正確的答案；也可以給出單詞首字母進(jìn)行完形填空，或者給出字母及單詞長度（由幾個字母組成）；也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑借考生對文章的理解和現(xiàn)有的語言能力

3、來完成。最常見的還是選擇型的“完形填空”。 “抽詞法”可以是有針對性地抽，也可以是隨機(jī)地抽。但目前比較流行的是對文章理解能力的考查，而不是單純對語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。 “完形填空”要求我們不僅要會運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識妥善地處理好每個單句，理解語義，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填上，使文章完整與通順。 完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動詞及短語動詞；名詞和介詞；根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義詞、近義詞等易混詞?？疾橐詫?shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。難點(diǎn)主要集中在根據(jù)上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上。

4、“完形填空”旨在測試我們的綜合應(yīng)用語言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不僅要具備一定的詞法、句法和慣用法等語法知識，而且還要具備閱讀理解能力、綜合分析能力和運(yùn)用語言知識的實(shí)踐能力。 傳統(tǒng)的完形填空通常是將一篇邏輯性較強(qiáng)的短文，留出若干個空，然后采用“四選一”的方法，將短文補(bǔ)充完整。它屬于客觀題型。如今的完形填空題除保留傳統(tǒng)題型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)外，還采用了選詞填空(有多余選項(xiàng))或根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全對話(或短文)等主觀題型。但事實(shí)證明，完形填空通常是同學(xué)們較難把握的題型之一，且失分率較高。限于篇幅，我著重談?wù)効陀^題型的解法 （一）目標(biāo)要求 完形填空主要測試我們在具體語言環(huán)境中對文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思

5、想、推理判斷、詞語辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及對所學(xué)英語的綜合運(yùn)用能力、快速閱讀理解能力及邏輯推理判斷能力等。 （二）解題步驟 完形填空主要測試我們的語言綜合運(yùn)用能力，包括基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握和運(yùn)用，對整個文章邏輯聯(lián)系的理解，在情景中辨析詞義的能力以及詞組短語搭配的使用能力，這是大部分同學(xué)認(rèn)為難度最大的考查項(xiàng)目。有些同學(xué)的聽力、基礎(chǔ)知識部分做得還比較好，但是完形填空卻只能做對一兩道，有的甚至對完形填空產(chǎn)生了恐懼心理，以致全軍覆沒。其實(shí)只要我們有信心，有良好的心理素質(zhì)，再加上一定的技巧，完形填空并不是不可逾越的鴻溝。 一）平心靜氣不急不躁 對完形填空心存恐懼，是導(dǎo)致失誤

6、的根本原因，有些考生滿腦子的畏難思想，殊不知這種情緒只會使得自己的全部思想游離題外，根本無法進(jìn)入思維，還談何理解文章的內(nèi)容呢？所以，集中思想、樹立信心、平心靜氣、去除雜念才是做好完形填空題的保證。 二）瀏覽全文把握大意 瀏覽全文能獲得更多的上下文提供的信息，并根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)在邏輯意義、貫穿文章始終的主線以及作者行文的走向，把握文脈，調(diào)整并定位自己的解題思路，從而做出最終的判斷。如在Computer一文中，作者貫穿文章始終的主線為Computers are important for human beings，但到了最后，作者筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，提出Are you afraid if compute

7、rs can really think one day?作者的行文走向是一種擔(dān)心和憂慮，所以讀者既要善于聽話聽音，也要把握準(zhǔn)文脈，及時調(diào)整、定位自己的思路，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)上述問題的正確回答應(yīng)該是Yes，we are afraid.。 三）識別短語注意搭配 一類短語是由動詞＋介詞，或動詞＋副詞構(gòu)成，在現(xiàn)代英語中，這類詞組很多而且實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡練、使用靈活、表達(dá)生動，如break the ice，look forward to，keep an eye on，catch one's eye等；還有一類使用極廣的是介詞短語，如with regard to， at the age of等。如果平時能

8、注意詞組、短語的整體記憶，掌握它們的搭配規(guī)律，在做完形填空時就能得心應(yīng)手，減少失誤，提高完形填空的正確率。 四）運(yùn)用語法理順關(guān)系 語法知識是指導(dǎo)完形填空的法寶，詞匯是根據(jù)語法規(guī)則確定各自的位置，有了語法規(guī)則文章才能有條不紊、順理成章。完形填空題實(shí)際上是“形斷意不斷，貌離神不離”，正如藕斷而絲連，語法規(guī)則起到“牽動荷花帶出藕”的功效。如介詞后的代詞必然是賓格；物質(zhì)名詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù)；形容詞必須放在不定代詞后；行為動詞的否定和疑問句應(yīng)由助動詞do構(gòu)成；情態(tài)動詞只能與不帶to的動詞連用等。如黃浦區(qū)2020年中考模擬試卷中的完形填空題第3小題：I was the happiest boy in

9、the world，填入的詞邏輯根據(jù)為happy，語法根據(jù)為最高級，因?yàn)榍耙粋€詞是the，后面是in the world短語，即在一個范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較，應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級，因而推斷出該詞為happiest；再如該項(xiàng)的第6小題，挖空處為don't，因?yàn)樾袨閯釉~的否定式應(yīng)由助動詞構(gòu)成，而且主語是I，因此得出該詞為don't。 五）遇到難詞反復(fù)默念 有時會遇到這樣的情況，大部分詞都填出來了，只有一、兩個難詞絞盡腦汁仍不得要領(lǐng)，如果考試時間允許，不要輕易放棄，要窮追不舍，先從語法角度考慮，再從邏輯角度考慮是否有隱含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和習(xí)俗等。有時句子好像什么也不缺，讀上去很完整，就必須

10、考慮，很可能缺的就是連詞and，副詞then、always、sometimes等，如果還未填出，應(yīng)反復(fù)默念幾遍，有些詞就會悄然而至，在你的記憶中浮現(xiàn)出來。 六）細(xì)心檢查避免疏漏 完成填空后最關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是要細(xì)心檢查每一個填空處是否有筆誤或疏漏的地方。有些考生為自己全部填出了而沾沾自喜，根本沒想到不是缺了“ing”就是少了“s”，或是忘了加“ed”，這是很可惜的，因?yàn)閺囊馑忌纤抢斫饬?、看懂了題目，但因粗心而大意失荊州。如閘北區(qū)2020年中考模擬卷完形填空中的第4小題，應(yīng)為That's no problem。這是一句口語習(xí)語，通常不用復(fù)數(shù)，但很多考生都填了problems；再如我校模擬卷完

11、形填空中的第5小題為Then you can look at it again when your money's all gone.，雖然很多考生理解了題目的含義為money，但幾乎沒有人理解為money is gone的縮寫，所以細(xì)心檢查，反復(fù)回讀，能夠減少疏漏，提高完形填空的正確率。 【典型例題】 請根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文后面的四個選項(xiàng)中選擇一個能填入空白處的最佳答案。 Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students

12、 are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because som

13、e of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life (生活). 1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other 2. A. Eng

14、lish B. Chinese 　 C. maths D. Japanese 3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice 4. A. books B. classes　 C. schools D. subjects (科目) 5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased 6. A. for B. of C. to D. from 7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look

15、 B. see C. look at D. read 9. A. go B. work C. like D. come 10. A. help B. helping　 C. helps D. helpful 答題分三步： 第一步：通覽全文 通過通覽全文，便知本文講述許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語。學(xué)習(xí)英語的人年齡不同，目的各異。 第二步：逐項(xiàng)填空 本著先易后難的原則，先根據(jù)上下文和自己的語感，推測部分空格的可能答案。然后，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)逐一敲定。 1. 選B。some...other(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(泛指)”； some...the o

16、ther(s)...意思是“一些……另一些（特指）”。由語境可知，在學(xué)英語的學(xué)生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。 2. 選A。根據(jù)上下文可知是English。 3. 選B。由文章內(nèi)容來看，人們學(xué)習(xí)英語的原因多種多樣，因此回答為什么那么多人學(xué)習(xí)英語這個問題并不容易。 4. 選D。由常識可知，English是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的科目(subject)之一。 5. 選B。根據(jù)前后文意可知許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語，那是因?yàn)镋nglish在他們的工作中很有用(useful)。 6. 選A。本題屬于介詞用法辨析。介詞for在此可表示目的、原因。 7. 選A。in English是習(xí)慣搭配。 8.

17、選D。“讀報”英語習(xí)慣說read　newspapers。 9. 選B。根據(jù)語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，有些人學(xué)習(xí)英語或想出國(go to a country)或想在這些國家工作(work in a country)。 10. 選D。末句點(diǎn)題，“英語在我們生活中是很有幫助的(helpful)”。 第三步：復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn) 將所有答案代入空格后，重新將短文復(fù)讀一遍，如果語句通順，語意清楚，便結(jié)束本題。 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí)： It was almost 9:00 p. m. when Mia Jameson left her office to go home. It was 1 . She started h

18、er car and she 2 down the dark road that led to her house in the country. She 3 the radio and sang songs while she was driving. The heater (暖氣機(jī)) wasn’t working, and singing helped to keep her 4 . The snow was heavy. Then Mia went across a small 5 . The bridge was covered with ice and

19、the car went out of control (失去控制). Mia hit her head on the steering wheel and lost consciousness (知覺). When she 6 , her head was bleeding (流血), and she was shaking from the cold. She didn’t know 7 she was. Mia opened the car door and looked around. She was under the bridge, and her car was

20、sitting on the 8 river! She felt very 9 . She knew the ice wouldn’t 10 her car for very long. She 11 to walk up the hill several times, but she kept falling in the snow. Mia tried 12 time. She fell again, but this time she couldn’t get up. She knew that 13 could see her car un

21、der the bridge. She was lying in the snow, and she couldn’t 14 . Mia closed her eyes and 15 die. Then she heard a voice. Mia opened her eyes. There was an old man standing over her. She stood up and walked up with the help of the old man. “That’s my truck,” said the old man. “Get in and I’ll

22、 take you home.” (1) A. raining B. cool C. snowing D. late (2) A. ran B. drove C. walked D. rode (3) A. turned on B. turned over C. turned off D. turned down (4) A. happy B. not alone C. warm D. not lonely (5) A. bridge

23、 B. village C. town D. farm (6) A. got up B. came back C. looked up D. woke up (7) A. how B. what C. why D. where (8) A. deep B. frozen C. wide D. cold (9) A. angry B. sad C. surprised D. af

24、raid (10) A. keep B. pull C. take D. hold (11) A. tried B. wanted C. would like D. seemed (12) A. one B. one more C. other D. the other (13) A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one (14) A. feel B. h

25、ear C. move D. go (15) A. waited to B. had to C. was able to D. decided to 【模擬試題】（答題時間：60分鐘） 一、閱讀理解。 A Dear Victor: I am a college student. Nowadays games on the net are very popular with college students. Some of my roommates are very interested in them. They n

26、ot only play games in their free time, but also keep talking about them at night when lights are off, and they regard games as part of life. I’ve begged(乞求) them to give it up, but they wouldn’t listen to me. It has become a rather big problem. Should I report it to our teachers or do something else

27、? Ted Dear Ted: Drop it. Your roommates, as grown-ups, can do whatever they want with their time so long as it doesn’t break school rules or violate(妨礙) other people’s interests. Playing perhaps gives these students relaxation(放松) from hard study. If they play too often, have little time to st

28、udy, and they will reap what they have sown, but you will not. Reporting to the teachers would only harm your good name in your dormitory(宿舍). However you have rights to ask your roommates to be quiet when you need sleep. If they aren’t angry with you, they will stop talking. But be polite and frien

29、dly. Perhaps, in return, join them in a game or two. Victor 1. According to the first letter, many college students enjoy__________. A. playing computer games B. searching information on the Internet C. sending e-mails D. buying things online 2. Ted wants his roommates to___________. A.

30、 break their computers B. sell their computers to teachers C. stop playing computer games D. play games in the day, not at night 3. According to the second letter, some college students____________. A. can violate school rules or other people’s interests B. have their rights to quarrel with

31、Ted C. can relax themselves while playing games on the net D. can study even better if they play games on the net 4. Victor asks Ted to__________. A. report to the teachers B. harm his good name in the dormitory C. quarrel with his roommates D. learn how to get on well with others 5. In the

32、 second letter, the underlined part(劃線部分) means__________. A. 自食其果 B. 隨心所欲地做事 C. 回家種莊稼 D. 逃避責(zé)任 B The world is becoming smaller by using modern traffic, TV, telephone and so on. Life today is easier than it was hundreds ago, but it has also brought new problems. One of the biggest is

33、pollution. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious.

34、It’s bad to all living things in the world. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily. The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is sure that if there are fewer pe

35、ople driving, there will be less air pollution. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal（煤）in houses and factories in the city. So the less pollution there is, the better life people will have. 1. Our world is becoming much smaller _____ A. because of

36、 science development B. because there are fewer people C. because the earth is being polluted day and night 2. Thousands of years ago, life was _____ it is today. A. easier than B. as easy as C. harder than 3. Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here “it” means ____

37、_. A. air pollution B. noise pollution C. water pollution 4. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____ A. it makes much noise B. it’s bad to all living things in the world C. it has made our rivers and lakes dirty 5. Which of the following is NOT true? A

38、. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. B. The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world’s population does. C. The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are so many people. 二、完形填空： A As a student, you must have read a lot of interesting books. Most of the

39、 books come from the school library, I am sure. Perhaps you also get books from the bookstore in your town. The books are something given to you as 1 by your parents or friends, I think. Besides, if you like reading and want to learn more, I am sure that you buy books 2 . Have you ever

40、thought how books are 3 ? Well, after a book is written, it passes through the hands of many different workers. Each one works very carefully, for there must not be any 4 in the book. It is read many times by different people before it is finished. Millions of books are printed in our co

41、untry every year. So people can get 5 to read. Now may I ask you a question? How well do you take 6 of books? What have you learned about the care of books? Perhaps you bought yourself some 7 books. Have you put paper covers on them? Do you open 8 carefully? Sometimes new book

42、s break along the back if you open them 9 in the middle. I hope that you don’t 10 the pages carelessly. If you do, you may tear them. 1. A. pets B. presents C. books D. textbooks. 2. A. all B. yourself C. also D. either 3. A. sold B.

43、bought C. given D. made 4. A. mistakes B. questions C. wrong D. thing 5. A. many B. enough C. a lot of D. great 6. A. careful B. after C. out D. care 7. A. more B. new C. out D. care 8. A. it

44、 B. carefully C. them D. book 9. A. suddenly B. sudden C. careful D. carefully 10. A. break B. throw C. write D. turn B How can you think in English? I think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day. During

45、 the 1 the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again. So he won’t have to 2 passing the ball in the game, he will just do it. You can 3 yourself to think in English this way. The first step is to think of the words that you use daily, simple everyday words 4

46、 book or shoe or tree. For example, whenever you 5 a “book” you should think of it in English instead of in your mother language. After you have learned to think of several words in English, then move on to the next step—thinking in 6 . Listening and repeating is a very useful 7 to learn a

47、 language. Listen first and don’t care too much about 8 you fully understand what you’re hearing. Try to repeat what you hear. The more you listen, the 9 you learn. After you reach a higher level, 10 having conversations with yourself in English. This will lead you to think in English. 1. A. p

48、ractice B. break C. game D. day 2. A. wait for B. think about C. look at D. give up 3. A. allow B. train C. tell D. ask 4. A. in B. about C. like D. from 5. A. buy B. keep C. borrow D. see 6. A. sentences B. passages C. lessons D. classes 7. A. idea

49、 B. step C. way D. pan 8. A. which B. whether C. how D. why 9. A. harder B. less C. later D. more 10. A. remember B. stop C. start D. finish 【試題答案】 一、 A: 1~5 ACCDA B: 1~5 A C A B B 二、 A: 1~5 BBDAB 6~10 DBCAD B: 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C