DK7732數(shù)控高速走絲電火花線切割機床及控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計【說明書+CAD】
DK7732數(shù)控高速走絲電火花線切割機床及控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計【說明書+CAD】,說明書+CAD,DK7732數(shù)控高速走絲電火花線切割機床及控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計【說明書+CAD】,dk7732,數(shù)控,高速,電火花,切割,機床,控制系統(tǒng),設(shè)計,說明書,仿單,cad
畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)書(二)
學(xué)生:柳慶亮 王燕花 指導(dǎo)老師:顏竟成(教授)
(一) 題目:DK7732數(shù)控高速走絲電火花線切割機及控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。
給出條件:每發(fā)出一個脈沖信號,工作臺拖板(X、Y)絲架拖板(U、V)移動0.005mm
(二) 設(shè)計內(nèi)容:
1、 調(diào)查研究電火花線切割機的加工特點,確定新設(shè)計電火花線切割機的主要參數(shù)。
2、 進行數(shù)控電火花線切割機的總體方案及系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計。
3、 完成電火花線切割機的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。
4、 完成控制系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件設(shè)計。
(三) 任務(wù)和要求:
1、 根據(jù)總體設(shè)計方案,繪制出數(shù)控電火花線切割機總圖一張(A0手工圖)。
2、 進行運絲系統(tǒng)的運動計算、強度計算,繪制出運絲系統(tǒng)機構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)圖一張(A0計算機圖)。
3、 進行坐標工作臺的運動和強度計算,繪制出坐標工作臺縱向(X方向)、橫向(Y方向)或運絲機構(gòu)部裝圖一張(A1計算機圖)。
4、 根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計方案,繪制出控制系統(tǒng)電路圖一張(A0計算機圖)。
5、 繪制出線切割機電器電路圖一張(A0計算機圖)。
6、 繪制出貯絲筒或滾珠絲杠零件圖一張(A1三維計算機圖)。
7、 科技譯文(不少于3000字)。
8、 編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書一套(不少于一萬字,有英文摘要,有程序清單,全部用計算機打出)。
(四) 主要參考資料:
1、《機械設(shè)計手冊》,機械工業(yè)出版社。
2、《實用機床設(shè)計手冊》,遼寧科技出版社。
3、數(shù)控電火花線切割加工技術(shù),哈工大出版社。
4、《TTL集成電路手冊》。
5、《存儲器手冊》。
6、《機床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計指導(dǎo)書》, 中國科技出版社。
7、《機電綜合設(shè)計指導(dǎo)書》,人民大學(xué)出版社。
8、《BKDC電火花線切割機控制電氣圖》,蘇州三光集團。
9、《DK7725(d、e、f)電火花線切割控制機使用說明書》,蘇州三光集團。
附注:根據(jù)進度和自愿可增加注塑模設(shè)計。
指導(dǎo)老師簽名:
南華大學(xué)機械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計
參考文獻
1. 中國機械工程學(xué)會 中國機械設(shè)計大典編委會。中國機械設(shè)計大典(4)。江西:江西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2002
2. 清華大學(xué)曹金榜、易錫麟、張玉峰、陳養(yǎng)田、張春編。機床主軸變速箱設(shè)計指導(dǎo)。北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,1987
3. 華東紡織工學(xué)院、哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)、天津大學(xué)編。機械設(shè)計圖冊。上海:上??茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1979
4. 吳振彪主編。機電綜合設(shè)計指導(dǎo)。北京:中國人民大學(xué)出版社,2000
5. 顧熙棠、遲建山、胡寶珍主編。金屬切削機床(下冊)。上海:上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2000
6. 張學(xué)仁主編。數(shù)控電火花線切割加工技術(shù)。哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,2000
7. 趙萬生主編。電火花加工技術(shù)。哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,2000
8. 李忠文編著。電火花機和線切割機編程與機電控制。北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 工業(yè)裝備與信息工程出版中心,2004
9. 鄧星鐘主編。機電傳動控制(第三版)。武漢:華中科技大學(xué)出版社,2003
10. 秦曾煌主編。電工學(xué)下冊電子技術(shù)(第五版)。北京:高等教育出版社,1999
11. 吳宗澤主編。機械設(shè)計師手冊(上冊、下冊)。北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2002
12. 魏俊民、周硯江主編。機電一體化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。北京:中國紡織出版社,1998
13. 薛棟梁編著。MCS-51/51/251單片機原理與應(yīng)用(一)。北京:中國水利水電出版社,2001
14. 楊恢先、黃輝先等編著。單片機原理及應(yīng)用。長沙:國防科技大學(xué)出版社,2003
15. 中國IT培訓(xùn)工程委員會編。Protel99電路設(shè)計培訓(xùn)班。珠海:珠海出版社,2002
16. 何永然、唐增寶、劉安俊主編。機械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計(第二版)。武漢:華中科學(xué)大學(xué)出版社,2002
17. 周良德、朱泗芳等編著?,F(xiàn)代工程圖學(xué)。長沙:湖南科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2000
18. 謝鐵邦、李柱、席宏卓主編。互換性與技術(shù)測量。武漢:長沙科技大學(xué)出版社,1998
NANHUA University
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
題 目 DK7732數(shù)控高速走絲電火花
線切割機床及控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
學(xué)院名稱 機械工程學(xué)院
指導(dǎo)教師 顏 竟 成
職 稱 教 授
班 級 機械002班
學(xué) 號 20004410212
學(xué)生姓名 柳 慶 亮
2004年 6 月 9 日
南華大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告
設(shè)計(論文)題目
DK7732數(shù)控高速走絲電火花線切割機及控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
設(shè)計(論文)題目來源
自選試題
設(shè)計(論文)題目類型
機床設(shè)計
起止時間
2004.2~2004.6
一、 設(shè)計(論文)依據(jù)及研究意義:
依據(jù):
電火花線切割加工是在電火花加工基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一種新的工藝形式,是用線狀電極(銅絲或鉬絲)靠火花放電對工件進行切割。
研究意義:
①采用細金屬絲作工具電極,切割刀具簡單,大大降低生產(chǎn)準備工時;
②計算機輔助編程,方便加工復(fù)雜形狀的直紋表面;
③電極絲直徑較細,切縫很窄,有利于材料的利用,適合加工細小零件;
④對于粗、中、精加工,調(diào)整電參數(shù)即可,操作方便、自動化程度高;
⑤電極絲在加工中是移動的,可以完全或短時間不考慮電極絲損耗對加工精度的影響;
⑥當電極絲作相應(yīng)傾斜運動時,可實現(xiàn)錐面加工。
二、設(shè)計(論文)主要研究的內(nèi)容、預(yù)期目標:(技術(shù)方案、路線)
1、調(diào)查研究電火花線切割機的加工特點,確定新設(shè)計電火花線切割機的主要參數(shù)。
2、進行數(shù)控電火花線切割機的總體方案及系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計。
3、完成電火花線切割機的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。
4、完成控制系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件設(shè)計。
二、 設(shè)計(論文)的研究重點及難點:
本次設(shè)計的研究重點及難點是線架、導(dǎo)輪部件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,具體如下:
1、 導(dǎo)輪V形槽設(shè)計應(yīng)保證電極絲在導(dǎo)輪槽內(nèi)運動時不產(chǎn)生軸向移動。
2、 在滿足一定強度要求下,應(yīng)盡量減輕導(dǎo)輪質(zhì)量,有以減少電極絲換向時電極絲與導(dǎo)輪間的滑動摩擦。
3、 導(dǎo)輪裝配后轉(zhuǎn)動應(yīng)輕便靈活,盡量減小軸向竄動和徑向跳動。
4、 應(yīng)進行有效的密封,以保證軸承的正常工作條件。
由于電極絲的導(dǎo)輪位與懸臂的端部,同時電極絲保持一定張力,因此應(yīng)加強線架本體的剛度和強度,可使線架的上下懸臂在電極絲運動時不致振動和變形
四、設(shè)計(論文)研究方法及步驟(進度安排):
研究方法:
1、老師授課,講解設(shè)計內(nèi)容,解答設(shè)計疑難,檢查設(shè)計成果;
2、參觀實驗室DK7725型數(shù)控電火花線切割機床,請教實驗老師,用作借鑒
。
3、利用圖書館藏書,查閱相關(guān)資料,摘要中外先進經(jīng)驗,應(yīng)用到設(shè)計中。
4、網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的利用,網(wǎng)上資料的查詢,與專家教授的網(wǎng)上交流
進度安排:
第一階段是搜集整理階段。時間是2月初到2月底。
第二階段是機械部分設(shè)計階段。時間是3月份到5月份。
第三階段是控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計階段。時間是5月份到6月初。
第四階段是整理復(fù)習(xí)階段。時間是6月初到6月中旬。
五、進行設(shè)計(論文)所需條件:
1、時間上必須保證充裕,有足夠的時間去調(diào)查,分析,設(shè)計
2、資金上必須能夠保證去車間實習(xí)參觀,去書店購買相關(guān)資料以及車費等。
3、場地上必須有專門固定的教室作為設(shè)計專用教室,可以專心設(shè)計而不被打擾
和到處流動作業(yè)。
六、指導(dǎo)老師意見:
簽名: 年 月 日
南華大學(xué)機械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
摘 要
電火花線切割加工(wire-EDM)是一種基于電火花加工技術(shù)的適應(yīng)性流程加工技術(shù),它可以被用在具有二維到三維復(fù)雜形狀的而且是導(dǎo)電的原材料的加工上。電火花線切割加工最常見的應(yīng)用是在壓模,擠壓模,粉末合金的鑄模和標準模板的裝配工中。這樣就可以加工出以往依靠花費很高磨床或者昂貴的傳統(tǒng)意義上的電火花的電極來進行加工的工件。由于電火花線切割加工技術(shù)是機電一體化技術(shù),是機械、電工、電子、數(shù)控、自動控制、計算機應(yīng)用等多門學(xué)科、專業(yè)知識的綜合運用。
我的設(shè)計課題是DK7732數(shù)控電火花線切割加工機床。DK為數(shù)控電加工機床,77為電火花線切割機床。32為機床工作臺寬度。
此次設(shè)計包括機床的總體布局設(shè)計,橫向進給,縱向進給設(shè)計。其中還包括齒輪的強度計算,滾珠絲桿校核,軸承壽命的驗算??刂葡到y(tǒng)部分包括步進電機控制電路和脈沖電源電路,這是數(shù)控電火花加工機床的重點設(shè)計部分,也是難點。步進電機電路設(shè)計包括硬件電路設(shè)計和軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。詳細說明了芯片的擴展、鍵盤顯示器接口的設(shè)計等等。脈沖電源電路采用高低壓復(fù)式脈沖電源,它是由晶體管及分立元件組成的電路,輸出高低壓復(fù)式脈沖,可以同時供給兩個放電間隙加工,提高生產(chǎn)效率。
關(guān)鍵字:數(shù)控電火花線切割加工、主軸運動、步進電機、脈沖電源
ⅰ
南華大學(xué)機械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
Abstract
Wire electrical-discharge machining(wire-EDM)I is an adaptation of the basic EDM process,which can be used for cutting complex two-and three-dimensional shapes through electrically conducting materials. wire-EDM is most commonly used for the fabrication of press stamping dies, extrusion dies, powder composition dies, profile gages, and templates. Complicated cutouts can be made in difficult-to-machine metals without the need for high-cost grinding or expensive shaped EDM electrodes.Because the technology of wire electrical-discharge machining is the technology of mechatronics, and it is the integrate application of many subjects and professional knowledge , for example mechanism、electrician、electron、numerical control、auto control and computer application.
My design subject is DK7732 numerical control electrical-discharge perforation molding machining tool. DK means numerical control machining tool. 77means wire electrical-discharge perforation molding machining tool. 32 means the width of tool’s worktable.
The design contains collectivity distribution design, landscape orientation feed design, portrait feed design, circumgyrate worktable design. It still includes intension calculation of gear wheel, the checking of ball bearing pole and the calculation of axis gearing life-span. The controlling system part contains the circuit of step-by-step electromotor control and the circuit of pulse electrical source. This part is the most important part of numerical control electrical-discharge machining tool, and it is very hard for me. The design of step-by-step electromotor control includes hardware circuit design and software system design. It explains the enlarging of CMOS chip and the design of keyboard display interface. The circuit of pulse electrical source uses high and low voltage pulse electrical source. The circuit is composed by transistor and unattached elements, it exports high and low voltage pulse, which can apply with two electrical-discharge interval and improve productivity.
Key words: Numerical control wire electrical-discharge machining, principle axis motion , step-by-step electromotor, pulse electrical source
ⅱ
南華大學(xué)機械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
目錄
引言…………………………………………………………………………………(1)
一 總體方案設(shè)計………………………………………………………………(2)
(一)總體方案的擬定……………………………………………………………(2)
(二)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定………………………………………………………(2)
二 儲絲走絲部件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計……………………………………………………(3)
(一)儲絲走絲部件運動設(shè)計……………………………………………………(3)
1.對高速走絲機構(gòu)的要求………………………………………………………(3)
2.高速走絲機構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)及特點…………………………………………………(4)
(二)儲絲走絲部件主要零件強度計算…………………………………………(11)
1.齒輪傳動比的確定 …………………………………………………………(12)
2.齒輪齒數(shù)的確定 ……………………………………………………………(12)
3.傳動件的估算 ………………………………………………………………(13)
4.齒輪模數(shù)估算 ………………………………………………………………(14)
(三)儲絲走絲部件主要零件強度驗算 ………………………………………(16)
1.齒輪強度的驗算……………………………………………………………(16)
2.主軸的驗算 …………………………………………………………………(19)
(四)主軸組件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 ………………………………………………………(21)
1.軸承配置形式 ………………………………………………………………(21)
2.主軸組件的調(diào)整和預(yù)緊 ……………………………………………………(22)
三 進給傳動設(shè)計 ………………………………………………………………(23)
(一)進給傳動運動設(shè)計 ………………………………………………………(23)
1.脈沖當量和傳動比的確定 …………………………………………………(23)
(二)滾珠絲杠螺母副的型號選擇和滾珠絲杠的選型和校核 ………………(24)
1.滾珠絲杠螺母副的型號選擇 ………………………………………………(24)
2.滾珠絲杠的選型和校核 ……………………………………………………(26)
(三)步進電機的選擇 …………………………………………………………(28)
(四)進給機構(gòu)支承設(shè)計 ………………………………………………………(30)
1.螺桿的支承形式 ……………………………………………………………(30)
2.螺桿的支承方式 ……………………………………………………………(30)
四 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 ………………………………………………………………(31)
(一)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)總體方案的擬定 ………………………………………………(31)
(二)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件的電路設(shè)計 ………………………………………………(32)
1.單片機設(shè)計 …………………………………………………………………(32)
2.系統(tǒng)擴展 ……………………………………………………………………(36)
3.I/O口的擴展 …………………………………………………………… (40)
4.顯示器接口設(shè)計 ……………………………………………………………(45)
5.步進電機控制電路設(shè)計 ……………………………………………………(46)
6.光電隔離電路設(shè)計 …………………………………………………………(52)
7.部分控制程序 ………………………………………………………………(53)
8.其他接口電路設(shè)計 …………………………………………………………(63)
科技譯文 …………………………………………………………………………(65)
謝辭……………………………………………………………………………… (76)
ⅲ
附件1:外文資料翻譯譯文
論數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢
摘要 隨著計算機業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,數(shù)控技術(shù)也發(fā)生了根本性的變革,是近年來應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中發(fā)展十分迅速的一項綜合性的高新技術(shù),文章結(jié)合國內(nèi)外情況,分析了數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢。
關(guān)鍵詞 數(shù)控技術(shù) 趨勢 智能
數(shù)控技術(shù)是一門集計算機技術(shù)、自動化控制技術(shù)、測量技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代機械制造技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、信息處理技術(shù)等多學(xué)科交叉的綜合技術(shù),是近年來應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中發(fā)展十分迅速的一項綜合性的高新技術(shù)。它是為適應(yīng)高精度、高速度、復(fù)雜零件的加工而出現(xiàn)的,是實現(xiàn)自動化、數(shù)字化、柔性化、信息化、集成化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的基礎(chǔ),是現(xiàn)代機床裝備的靈魂和核心,有著廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
1 數(shù)控技術(shù)和裝備發(fā)展趨勢及對策
裝備工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個國民經(jīng)濟的水平和現(xiàn)代化程度,數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備是發(fā)展新興高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和尖端工業(yè)(如信息技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、航空、航天等國防工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè))的使能技術(shù)和最基本的裝備。馬克思曾經(jīng)說過“各種經(jīng)濟時代的區(qū)別,不在于生產(chǎn)什么,而在于怎樣生產(chǎn),用什么勞動資料生產(chǎn)”。制造技術(shù)和裝備就是人類生產(chǎn)活動的最基本的生產(chǎn)資料,而數(shù)控技術(shù)又是當今先進制造技術(shù)和裝備最核心的技術(shù)。當今世界各國制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術(shù),以提高制造能力和水平,提高對動態(tài)多變市場的適應(yīng)能力和競爭能力。此外世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達國家還將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物資,不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè),而且在“高精尖”數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對我國實行封鎖和限制政策??傊罅Πl(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進制造技術(shù)已成為世界各發(fā)達國家加速經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、提高綜合國力和國家地位的重要途徑。
數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對機械運動和工作過程進行控制的技術(shù),數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機電一體化產(chǎn)品,即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備,其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域:(1)機械制造技術(shù);(2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù);(3)自動控制技術(shù);(4)伺服驅(qū)動技術(shù);(5)傳感器技術(shù);(6)軟件技術(shù)等。
2 國內(nèi)外數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展概況
隨著計算機技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)開始了根本性變革,各工業(yè)發(fā)達國家投入巨資,對現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)進行研究開發(fā),提出了全新的制造模式。在現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)中,數(shù)控技術(shù)是關(guān)鍵技術(shù),它集微電子、計算機、信息處理、自動檢測、自動控制等高新技術(shù)于一體,具有高精度、高效率、柔性自動化等特點,對制造業(yè)實現(xiàn)柔性自動化、集成化、智能化起著舉足輕重的作用。目前,數(shù)控技術(shù)正在發(fā)生根本性變革,由專用型封閉式開環(huán)控制模式向通用型開放式實時動態(tài)全閉環(huán)控制模式發(fā)展。在集成化基礎(chǔ)上,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了超薄型、超小型化;在智能化基礎(chǔ)上,綜合了計算機、多媒體、模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多學(xué)科技術(shù),數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了高速、高精、高效控制,加工過程中可以自動修正、調(diào)節(jié)與補償各項參數(shù),實現(xiàn)了在線診斷和智能化故障處理。
長期以來,我國的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)為傳統(tǒng)的封閉式體系結(jié)構(gòu),CNC只能作為非智能的機床運動控制器。加工過程變量根據(jù)經(jīng)驗以固定參數(shù)形式事先設(shè)定,加工程序在實際加工前用手工方式或通過CAD/CAM及自動編程系統(tǒng)進行編制。CAD/CAM和CNC之間沒有反饋控制環(huán)節(jié),整個制造過程中CNC只是一個封閉式的開環(huán)執(zhí)行機構(gòu)。在復(fù)雜環(huán)境以及多變條件下,加工過程中的刀具組合、工件材料、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進給速率、刀具軌跡、切削深度、步長、加工余量等加工參數(shù),無法在現(xiàn)場環(huán)境下根據(jù)外部干擾和隨機因素實時動態(tài)調(diào)整,更無法通過反饋控制環(huán)節(jié)隨機修正CAD/CAM中的設(shè)定量,因而影響CNC的工作效率和產(chǎn)品加工質(zhì)量。由此可見,傳統(tǒng)CNC系統(tǒng)的這種固定程序控制模式和封閉式體系結(jié)構(gòu),限制了CNC向多變量智能化控制發(fā)展,己不適應(yīng)日益復(fù)雜的制造過程,因此,大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進制造技術(shù)已成為我們國家加速經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、提高綜合國力和國家地位的重要途徑。
3 數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢
數(shù)控技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不但給傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)帶來了革命性的變化,使制造業(yè)成為工業(yè)化的象征,而且隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴大,他對國計民生的一些重要行業(yè)的發(fā)展起著越來越重要的作用。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢來看,主要有如下幾個方面:
3.1 高精度、高速度的發(fā)展趨勢
盡管十多年前就出現(xiàn)高精度高速度的趨勢,但是科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展是沒有止境的,高精度、高速度的內(nèi)涵也在不斷變化,目前正在向著精度和速度的極限發(fā)展。
效率、質(zhì)量是先進制造技術(shù)的主體。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率,提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次,縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場競爭能力。為此日本先端技術(shù)研究會將其列為5大現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)之一,國際生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)會將其確定為21世紀的中心研究方向之一。在轎車工業(yè)領(lǐng)域,年產(chǎn)30萬輛的生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍是40秒/輛,而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點問題之一;在航空和宇航工業(yè)領(lǐng)域,其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋,剛度很差,材料為鋁或鋁合金,只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下,才能對這些筋、壁進行加工。近來采用大型整體鋁合金坯料"掏空"的方法來制造機翼、機身等大型零件來替代多個零件通過眾多的鉚釘、螺釘和其他聯(lián)結(jié)方式拼裝,使構(gòu)件的強度、剛度和可靠性得到提高。這些都對加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。
3.2 軸聯(lián)動加工和復(fù)合加工機床快速發(fā)展
采用5軸聯(lián)動對三維曲面零件的加工,可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進行切削,不僅光潔度高,而且效率也大幅度提高。一般認為,1臺5軸聯(lián)動機床的效率可以等于2臺3軸聯(lián)動機床,特別是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料銑刀進行高速銑削淬硬鋼零件時,5軸聯(lián)動加工可比3軸聯(lián)動加工發(fā)揮更高的效益。但過去因5軸聯(lián)動數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主機結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等原因,其價格要比3軸聯(lián)動數(shù)控機床高出數(shù)倍,加之編程技術(shù)難度較大,制約了5軸聯(lián)動機床的發(fā)展。當前由于電主軸的出現(xiàn),使得實現(xiàn)5軸聯(lián)動加工的復(fù)合主軸頭結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡化,其制造難度和成本大幅度降低,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的價格差距縮小。因此促進了復(fù)合主軸頭類型5軸聯(lián)動機床和復(fù)合加工機床(含5面加工機床)的發(fā)展。
3.3 智能化、開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化成為當代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的主要趨勢
21世紀的數(shù)控裝備將是具有一定智能化的系統(tǒng),智能化的內(nèi)容包括在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中的各個方面:為追求加工效率和加工質(zhì)量方面的智能化,如加工過程的自適應(yīng)控制,工藝參數(shù)自動生成;為提高驅(qū)動性能及使用連接方便的智能化,如前饋控制、電機參數(shù)的自適應(yīng)運算、自動識別負自動選定模型、自整定等;簡化編程、簡化操作方面的智能化,如智能化的自動編程、智能化的人機界面等;還有智能診斷、智能監(jiān)控方面的內(nèi)容、方便系統(tǒng)的診斷及維修等。為解決傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)封閉性和數(shù)控應(yīng)用軟件的產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)存在的問題。
目前許多國家對開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)進行研究,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開放化已經(jīng)成為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的未來之路。所謂開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)就是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)可以在統(tǒng)一的運行平臺上,面向機床廠家和最終用戶,通過改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對象(數(shù)控功能),形成系列化,并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中,快速實現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng),形成具有鮮明個性的名牌產(chǎn)品。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運行平臺、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當前研究的核心。網(wǎng)絡(luò)化數(shù)控裝備是近兩年國際著名機床博覽會的一個新亮點。數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線、制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求,也是實現(xiàn)新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎(chǔ)單元。國內(nèi)外一些著名數(shù)控機床和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)制造公司都在近兩年推出了相關(guān)的新概念和樣機,反映了數(shù)控機床加工向網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展的趨勢。
4 結(jié)束語
隨著人們對數(shù)控技術(shù)重視,它的發(fā)展越發(fā)迅速。文中簡要陳述當前的發(fā)展趨勢,另外數(shù)控技術(shù)的正不斷走向集成化,并行化,仍有廣闊的發(fā)展空間。
參考文獻
[1] 王立新. 淺談數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢[J]. 赤峰學(xué)院學(xué)報,2007.
[2] 董淳. 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)技術(shù)發(fā)展的新趨勢[J]. 可編程控制器與工廠自動化,
2006.
[3] 張亞力. 簡述數(shù)控發(fā)展的新趨勢[J]. 國土資源高等職業(yè)教育研究,
2005.
[4] 陳芳. 數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展和途徑[J]. 科技資訊,2008.
附件2:外文原文
On the Development Trend of
Numerical Control Technology
Abstract: With the rapid development of the computer industry, this technology has also undergone a fundamental change is the application areas in recent years developed very rapidly in a comprehensive high-tech, the article at home and abroad, analyzes the development of numerical control technology trend.
Keywords: CNC Technology Trends Smart
CNC technology is a set of computer technology, automation and control technology, measurement technology, modern machinery manufacturing technology, microelectronics, information processing technology, an integrated multi-disciplinary cross-technology, application areas in recent years developed very rapidly in a comprehensive high-tech. It is to meet the high-precision, high speed, complex parts processing and there is automatic, digital, flexible, information-oriented, integrated, network-based foundation, the soul of modern machine tools and equipment and the core, has a wide range of application fields and broad application prospects.
1, numerical control technology and equipment development trends and countermeasures
????The equipment industry's technical level and degree of modernization of the entire national economy determines the level and degree of modernization, numerical control technology and equipment is the development of new high-tech industry and cutting-edge industries (such as information technology and its industry, biotechnology and its industry, aviation, aerospace, etc. defense industry industries) enabling technology and basic equipment. Marx once said, "the difference between the various economic era, is not what is produced, but rather how to produce, what the production of labor." Manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic of human means of production activities, while the numerical control technology is today's most advanced manufacturing technology and equipment, the core technology. Widely adopted by nations in the world manufacturing numerical control technology to improve manufacturing capacity and level, to improve the dynamic changing market adaptability and competitiveness. In addition, all industrial countries in the world and CNC numerical control technology and equipment will also be listed as a national strategic goods, not only to take significant steps to develop its own CNC technology and its industry, but also in the "sophisticated" numerical key technologies and equipment to China imposition of closures and restrictions. In short, the vigorous development of numerical control technology as the core of advanced manufacturing technology has become the world's developed countries to accelerate economic development, enhance overall national strength and an important way to statehood.
????CNC technology is to use digital information on the mechanical movement and the work process control technology, CNC numerical control technology and equipment is represented by new technologies on traditional manufacturing industries and the penetration of the formation of new manufacturing electromechanical integrated product, so-called digital equipment , and its technology, covering many areas: (1) Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2) information processing, processing and transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology.
Second, the development of numerical control system at home and abroad overview
With the rapid development of computer technology, the traditional manufacturing industries began a fundamental change, the industrialized countries invested heavily in modern manufacturing technology research and development and put forward a new manufacturing model. In modern manufacturing systems, numerical control technology is the key technology, which combines micro-electronics, computer, information processing, automatic detection, automatic control and other high-tech in one, with high precision, high efficiency, flexibility and automation features to achieve flexible manufacturing automation, integrated, intelligent play a decisive role. At present, the numerical control technology is undergoing a fundamental transformation, from special-purpose closed-open-loop control mode to the general-purpose real-time dynamic open-loop control mode. In an integrated basis, numerical control system to realize ultra-thin, ultra-small; in based on intelligent, integrated computers, multimedia, fuzzy control, neural networks, multi-disciplinary technical, numerical control system to realize high-speed, high-precision, efficient control of during processing can automatically correct, regulation and compensation of various parameters to achieve an online intelligent fault diagnosis and treatment.
For a long time, China's numerical control system for the traditional closed architecture, CNC machine tool only as a non-intelligent motion controller. Machining process variables based on experience in advance the form of a fixed parameter setting, the actual processing of pre-processing by hand or through a CAD / CAM and automated programming systems to prepare. CAD / CAM and CNC is no feedback between the control link, the entire manufacturing process, CNC is a closed-door open-loop enforcement agency. In a complex environment and the changeable conditions, the combination of processing tool, workpiece material, spindle speed, feed rate, tool path, cutting depth, step length, machining allowance, and other processing parameters can not be in the field environment, under the external disturbances and random factors, real-time dynamic adjustment of feedback control can not be more random links to amend CAD / CAM in the set amount, thus affecting the working efficiency and product CNC machining quality. Thus, the traditional CNC system, such a fixed process control mode and closed architecture, limited to the multi-variable intelligent control of CNC development, has not suited to the increasingly complex manufacturing process, therefore, to develop numerical control technology as the core of the advanced manufacturing technology has become our country to accelerate economic development, enhance overall national strength and an important way to statehood.
Third, the development trend of numerical control technology
The application of CNC technology to traditional manufacturing industry is not only a revolutionary change in the manufacturing industry to become a symbol of industrialization, and with the numerical control technology, continuous development and expansion of application fields, his people's livelihood some of the important development of the industry plays a an increasingly important role. NC from the current world trend of technological development, mainly the following aspects:
????1. High-precision, high-speed development trend
Although more than 10 years ago, the trend appeared in high-precision high-speed, but the scientific and technological development is not enough, high-precision, high-speed is also changing the connotation of being towards the development of accuracy and speed limits.
Efficiency, quality is the main body of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high-finishing technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grades, and shorten the production cycle and improve market competitiveness. To this end, Japan will study advanced technologies listed it as one of five major modern manufacturing technology, the International Institute of Production Engineering be identified as the 21st century, one of the central research directions. In the car industry, the production of an annual output of 300,000 beat is 40 seconds / vehicle, and most varieties of processing is a car equipped with one of the key issues that must be addressed; in aviation and aerospace industry, its processing parts are mostly thin-walled and thin bars, stiffness is poor, aluminum or aluminum alloy material, and only at high cutting speed and cutting force in the case of a small can of these ribs, the wall processing. Recently, large single piece aluminum alloy billets, "hollowed out" approach to create the wings, fuselage and other large parts to replace multiple components through a large number of rivets, screws and other connecting means assembly, so that components of the strength, stiffness and reliability. These are made of processing equipment, high speed, high precision and high flexibility requirements.
????2.-Axis simultaneous machining, and rapid development of complex machine tools
5-axis machining of three-dimensional curved surface parts can be used the best tool for cutting geometry, not only finish high, but efficiency is greatly improved. Is generally believed that, 1 5-axis machine tools can equal the efficiency of 2 sets of 3-axis machine tools, particularly the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials, high-speed milling cutter hardened steel components, 5-axis simultaneous machining comparable three-axis process giving a higher efficiency. But in the past due to 5-axis numerical control system, host complex structure and other reasons, its price than the 3-axis CNC machine tools are several times higher, plus the programming more difficult, limiting the development of five-axis machine tools. Present, due to the emergence of spindle, allowing to achieve 5-axis simultaneous machining of composite spindle head structure greatly simplified and its manufacturing difficulties and costs significantly reduced, narrowing the gap between the price of CNC system. Therefore, the promotion of the composite spindle head type five-axis machine tools and complex machining machine tools (including the 5-sided machining, machine tools) development.
3. Intelligent, open, network-based development of contemporary numerical control system the main trends
CNC equipment in the 21st century will be a certain intelligent systems, intelligent content included in the numerical control system in all areas: the pursuit of processing efficiency and processing quality of the intelligence, such as the adaptive control process, process parameters automatically generation; To improve drive performance and the use of intelligent and convenient connections, such as feedforward control, the electrical parameters of the adaptive computing, automatic identification of negative auto-selection model, self-tuning, etc.; to simplify programming and streamline operational aspects of intelligence, such as smart Auto-oriented programming, intelligent man-machine interface, etc.; there are intelligent diagnosis, intelligent control aspects, to facilitate the system diagnosis and maintenance. To address the traditional closed and CNC numerical control system application software industrial production problems.
At present, many countries conduct a study of open CNC system, CNC system and opening up has become a numerical control system of the future path. The so-called open-architecture CNC system is the development of numerical control system can be run in a unified platform for machine tool manufacturers and end users, by changing, adding or cutting the structure object (numerical control function), the formation of serialization, and can be easily user's for special applications and technical know-how into the control system, quick realization of different varieties and different grades of open CNC system, to form a distinctive brand personality. Currently open CNC system architecture specification, communication specifications, configuration specifications, operating platform, CNC system function library and function of numerical control system software development tools is the core of current research. NC network equipment is well-known international machine tool fair the past two years a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy the production lines, manufacturing systems, manufacturing information integration needs of enterprises, but also to achieve new manufacturing paradigms such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, global manufacturing base unit. Some well-known at home and abroad CNC machine tools and CNC manufacturing companies are launched in the last two years, the related new concepts and prototypes, reflecting the NC machine to the network in the direction of the trend.
IV Conclusion
As people focus on the numerical control technology, its development more and more rapidly. This paper briefly presented the current development trend, additional numerical techniques are steadily becoming integrated, parallel, there are still vast room for development.
References:
[1] Wang Lixin. On the numerical control technology, the development trend of [J]. Chifeng College, 2007.
[2] DONG Chun. Numerical control system of the new trends in technology development [J]. Programmable controllers and factory automation, 2006.
[3] Ya-Li. Outlined the development of a new trend of NC [J]. Land and Resources of Higher Vocational Education Research, 2005.
[4] Fang. CNC technology development and means of [J]. Science and Technology Information, 2008.
收藏