2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 1 Friendship（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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人教必修一Unit 1　Friendship 【短文語法填空】 Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1. (write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms and close 2. (connect) with particular historical periods，such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.Its existence 3. (document) at least as early as the publication of the Classic of Poetry or Shijing.4. (variety) binations of forms and genres exist.Many or most of these 5. (arise) at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 6. (active) continued up to the year of 1919，7. the May Fourth Movement took place，and is still developed even today. Poetry created during this 2，500year period of moreorless continuous development shows 8. great deal of diversity—classified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods. Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry，another is 9. (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art，such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 10. poetry worldwide. 【語篇解讀】　本文為說明文。文章簡單介紹了中國古詩的一些相關(guān)情況。 1．written　[考查非謂語動詞。中國古詩是用古文寫的傳統(tǒng)中國詩歌。write與poetry之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。] 2．connections　[考查名詞。空前有形容詞close“緊密的”，故空處填名詞。connection在此表示“(兩種事實、觀念等的)聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”，是可數(shù)名詞，故填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。] 3．is documented　[考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。document在此表示“記錄，記載”，是及物動詞，document與existence之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)，且此處表示客觀事實，要用一般現(xiàn)在時。] 4．Various　[考查形容詞。存在多種多樣的形式和種類的結(jié)合體?？仗幮揎椕~binations，故填形容詞various“多種多樣的”。] 5．a(chǎn)rose　[考查動詞的時態(tài)。它們中的很多或者說大部分產(chǎn)生于唐代晚期。arise“產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”，是不及物動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語at the end of the Tang Dynasty可知本句用一般過去時。] 6．a(chǎn)ctively　[考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語動詞continued，故用副詞actively“活躍地”。] 7．when　[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the year of 1919，空處在從句中作時間狀語，故填when。] 8．a(chǎn)　[考查冠詞。a great deal of“大量的，許多”，是固定搭配，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，故填a。] 9．its　[考查代詞?？仗幹复鷮ο笫荂lassical Chinese poetry，且表示“……的”，故填its。] [易錯分析]　本空容易誤填their，因為學(xué)生沒有弄清楚文章的邏輯關(guān)系，以為空處指代的對象是前面的the key aspects。但是如果這樣的話，句意就說不通了。 10．on/upon　[考查介詞。influence“影響”常與介詞on/upon連用。] 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①ignore vt.不理睬；忽視 ②pack v．捆扎；包裝；打行李 n．小包；包裹 ③upset adj.心煩意亂的；不適的；不安的 vt.使不安；使心煩；弄翻；打翻 ④calm adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt. & vi.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)定 ⑤suffer v．遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷suffering n．折磨；苦難 ⑥r(nóng)ecover vt. & vi.痊愈；重新獲得recovery n．康復(fù)；痊愈；復(fù)得 ⑦settle v．定居，安家；停留；解決；安排 settlement n．定居點；解決 ⑧disagree vi.不同意 disagreement n．不同意 agree v．同意 agreement n．同意 ⑨power n．能力；力量；權(quán)力powerful adj.強(qiáng)大的；有力的powerless adj.無力的；沒有能力的 ⑩concern vt.使擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到 n．擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；利害關(guān)系concerned adj.擔(dān)心的；憂慮的concerning prep.關(guān)于；涉及 2．常考詞匯 ①dislike n. & vt.厭惡 ②loose adj.松的；松開的 ③teenager n．十幾歲的青少年 ④partner n．搭檔，合作者 ⑤tip n．提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小費 vt.傾斜；翻倒 ⑥exactly adv.確實如此；正是；確切地 exact adj.精確的；準(zhǔn)確的 ⑦outdoors adv.在戶外，在野外 outdoor adj.戶外的，露天的 ⑧entire adj.整個的；完全的 entirely adv.完全地；整個地 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．My entire (entirely) family is hearing，and so are all my friends.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering (recover) from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 3．Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the pany eventually settled (settle) in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 4．I don’t know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers (power)．(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 5．Nobody entering a university knows exactly (exact) what they want to study.(2016浙江卷) 6．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors(outdoor) and close to plants.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 7．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely(entire) free from dust.(2016北京卷) 8．Others are_concerned(concern)about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 9．Rich countries gain more from powerful(power)Nios(厄爾尼諾)，on balance, than they lose.(2016江蘇卷) ?“感謝”家族 ①grateful adj.感激的； gratitude n．感激 ②appreciate v．感激，感謝； appreciation n．感激 ③thank v．感謝； thankful adj.感激的 ④acknowledge v．鳴謝，感謝； acknowledgement n．鳴謝，感謝 ?表示“能力；力量”的單詞薈萃 ①power n．權(quán)力；能力；力量 ②ability n．能力 ③petence n．能力；勝任 ④energy n．精力；能源 ⑤force n．武力 ⑥strength n．力量 ?dis否定前綴高頻詞集錦 ①disappear vi.消失 ②disappoint vt.使失望 ③discourage vt.使氣餒 ④discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn) ⑤disobey vt.不服從 ⑥disability n．殘疾 ⑦disadvantage n．不利條件；弱點 ?“adv.＋n.”構(gòu)成的合成詞 ①outdoors adv.在戶外；在野外 outdoor adj.戶外的，露天的 ②indoors adv.在室內(nèi)；往室內(nèi) indoor adj.室內(nèi)的，戶內(nèi)的 ③upstairs adv.在樓上；往樓上 adj.樓上的 ④downstairs adv.在樓下；往樓下 adj.樓下的 ⑤uptown adv.在/向住宅區(qū) adj.(位于市鎮(zhèn)外圍)住宅區(qū)的 ⑥downtown adv.在商業(yè)/鬧市區(qū) adj.商業(yè)區(qū)的，鬧市區(qū)的 【完形填空】 We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news __1__， and pictures of their babies are __2__ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not __3__ of itself. The lovely animals have __4__ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot __5__ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to __6__ whether children or animals have a __7__ of selfawareness. In the test, an animal is presented __8__ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see __9__ it notices a mark on its face, which is only __10__ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often __11__ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old. Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, __12__ of them did the same thing as those animals did. __13__， each panda behaved as if their __14__ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were __15__ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking __16__. The __17__ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈養(yǎng)). For example, onedirectional glass sometimes used in the areas may __18__ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the __19__. Thats because they might believe it to be another panda, __20__ themselves. 1．A.papers　　　　　B．covers C．headlines D．pages 2．A.widely B．popularly C．especially D．pletely 3．A.shy B．fond C．conscious D．confident 4．A.failed B．ignored C．faced D．conducted 5．A.observe B．discover C．recognize D．understand 6．A.believe in B．find out C．pick out D．take in 7．A.sense B．question C．opinion D．thought 8．A.for B．with C．in D．before 9．A.how B．when C．why D．whether 10．A.touchable B．seeable C．sensible D．possible 11．A.dismisses B．a(chǎn)dmits C．feels D．moves 12．A.all B．most C．one D．none 13．A.Thus B．However C．Instead D．Still 14．A.reaction B．reflection C．operation D．imagination 15．A.trapped B．a(chǎn)mazed C．threatened D．teased 16．A.backwards B．a(chǎn)lone C．forwards D．a(chǎn)long 17．A.failure B．oute C．success D．review 18．A.cause B．prepare C．a(chǎn)ccelerate D．urge 19．A.eyes B．cages C．zoo D．glass 20．A.other than B．regardless of C．because of D．rather than 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文對大熊貓、兒童還有其他的動物都做了有關(guān)自我意識感方面的研究，結(jié)果顯示大熊貓的自我認(rèn)知很差，即使照鏡子，它們也認(rèn)不出鏡子里的自己。 1．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，當(dāng)一個大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會上國內(nèi)新聞頭條。C項意為“頭條(新聞)”，符合語境。A項意為“報紙”；B項意為“封面”；D項意為“頁碼”，均與語境不符。故選C項。 2．A　考查副詞辨析。上文提到，當(dāng)一個大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會上國內(nèi)新聞頭條；由此可推知，大熊貓寶寶的照片會被廣泛傳閱。A項意為“廣泛地”，符合語境。B項意為“流行地”；C項意為“特別地”；D項意為“完全地”，均與語境不符。故選A項。 3．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“a classic test of selfawareness”可知，這里指的是現(xiàn)在看起來大熊貓是沒有自我意識的。C項意為“有意識的”，符合語境。A項意為“害羞的”；B項意為“喜歡的”；D項意為“自信的”，均與語境不符。故選C項。 4．A　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“They cannot... have a ________ of selfawareness.”可知，可愛的大熊貓沒有通過這種經(jīng)典的自我意識測試。A項意為“失敗”，符合語境。B項意為“忽視”；C項意為“面對”；D項意為“指揮，引導(dǎo)”，均與語境不符。故選A項。 5．C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition...”可知，此處指大熊貓認(rèn)不出鏡子中的自己。C項意為“辨認(rèn)出”，符合語境。A項意為“觀察”；B項意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D項意為“理解”，均與語境不符。故選C項。 6．B　考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或動物是否有自我認(rèn)知。B項意為“找到，弄清楚”，符合語境。A項意為“相信，信任”；C項意為“挑選出”；D項意為“吸收，欺騙”，均與語境不符。故選B項。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指自我認(rèn)知，是一種感覺。A項意為“感覺”，a sense of為固定搭配，意為“一種……感”，符合語境。B項意為“問題”；C項意為“觀點”；D項意為“想法”，均與語境不符。故選A項。 8．B　考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指在實驗中，動物在鏡子中呈現(xiàn)出來。表示使用某種工具，應(yīng)用介詞with。 9．D　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究者想觀察大熊貓是否能注意到它臉上的記號。故選D項。 10．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)常識可知，在自己臉上的標(biāo)記，只有在鏡子中才能看到。B項意為“可見的”，符合語境。A項意為“可觸摸的”；C項意為“可覺察的”；D項意為“可能的”，均與語境不符。故選B項。 11．C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此處指如果動物注意到臉上的標(biāo)記，它會感受到這個標(biāo)記的。C項意為“感受，感覺”，符合語境。A項意為“解雇，解散”；B項意為“承認(rèn)”；D項意為“移動”，均與語境不符。故選C項。 12．D　考查代詞辨析。根據(jù)上文及轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”可知，此處指沒有一只大熊貓像其他動物一樣能感受到臉上的標(biāo)記。故選D項。 13．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指“相反，每一只大熊貓表現(xiàn)得就像鏡子里的影像是其他大熊貓”。C項意為“代替，而不是”，符合語境。A項意為“因此”；B項意為“然而”；D項意為“仍然”，均與語境不符。故選C項。 14．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識可知，鏡子中應(yīng)是映照出的影像。B項意為“映像，倒影”，符合語境。A項意為“反應(yīng)”；C項意為“操作，手術(shù)”；D項意為“想象”。均與語境不符。故選B項。 15．C　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中熊貓的反應(yīng)可知，熊貓表現(xiàn)出好像受到鏡子中“自己”的威脅。C項意為“威脅”，符合語境。A項意為“使陷入困境，卡住”；B項意為“使驚訝”；D項意為“取笑，戲弄”，均與語境不符。故選C項。 16．A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)常識可知，害怕會向后退。A項意為“向后”，符合語境。B項意為“獨自地”；C項意為“向前”；D項意為“一起，沿著”，均與語境不符。故選A項。 17．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究的結(jié)果。B項意為“結(jié)果”，符合語境。A項意為“失敗”；C項意為“成功”；D項意為“復(fù)習(xí)”，均與語境不符。故選B項。 18．A　考查動詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指可以成像的玻璃會讓大熊貓感到有壓力。cause sb. to do sth. 意為“導(dǎo)致某人做某事”，符合語境。B項意為“準(zhǔn)備”；C項意為“加速”；D項意為“督促”，均與語境不符。故選A項。 19．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“onedirectional glass”可知，glass符合語境。故選D項。 20．D　考查介詞短語辨析。由語境可知，此處指這就是因為大熊貓相信鏡子里是別的大熊貓而不是自己。D項意為“而不是”，符合語境。A項意為“除了”；B項意為“不管”；C項意為“因為”，均與語境不符。故選D項。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．動詞＋介詞/副詞(＋名詞) ①add up合計 ②calm(...) down(使)平靜下來；(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來 ③go through經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；完成；仔細(xì)檢查 ④set down記下；放下；登記 ⑤suffer from遭受；患病 ⑥pack (sth.) up將(東西)裝箱打包 ⑦join in參加；加入 ⑧fall in love相愛；愛上 2．介詞＋名詞 ①on purpose故意地；有目的地 ②at dusk 在黃昏時刻 3．be/get＋過去分詞/副詞＋介詞 ①be concerned about關(guān)心；掛念 ②get/be tired of對……厭煩 ③get along/on with與……相處；進(jìn)展 4．其他形式 ①face to face 面對面地 ②in order to 為了…… ③a series of 一連串的；一系列；一套 ④have got to不得不；必須 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed_down.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2. In_order_to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 3．This delicious tour goes_through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 4．I learned that if you fall_in_love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it.(2016天津卷) 5．I’d be very grateful if you could take some time to go_through them and make necessary changes.(2016全國卷Ⅰ) 6．The psychologist Michael has studied this cooperativeness(協(xié)作) in a_series_of experiments with very young children.(2016江蘇卷) ?動詞＋down(寫、記)短語小結(jié) ①write down寫下 ②copy down抄下 ③put down記下 ④note down記下 ⑤set down記下；放下；登記 ⑥take down記下，記錄 ?go短語薈萃 ①go about走來走去，(謠言等)流傳 ②go across走過，越過 ③go after追逐，追求，跟隨 ④go against反對，不利于 ⑤go ahead前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，繼續(xù) ⑥go up上升，上漲，增加 ⑦go through審查，履行，通過，經(jīng)歷，忍受 ?動詞＋up短語一覽 ①add up合計 ②do up整理 ③pack up裝箱打包 ④fix up修理，安排，裝置 ⑤clear up整理，收拾，放晴 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的時候，你不小心松了手，結(jié)果狗被一輛汽車撞了。 while walking the dog為狀語從句的省略句式。 爬山時，我們欣賞到了溫暖的陽光和美麗的風(fēng)景。 While_climbing_the_mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. 2.She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered. 她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 before 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“在……之后才”。 如果你錯過了這次機(jī)會，可能需要很多年你才能再獲得一次。 If you miss this chance, it may be years before_you_get_another_one_. 3.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。 it’s ...that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 直到我來到了這里我才意識到這個地方不僅以美景聞名，而且它的天氣也很有名。 It_was_not_until_I_came_here_that_I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 4.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 這是我這一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。 It/This/That is/was the first time that sb. has(have)/had done sth.“這/那是某人第一次做某事”。 這是她第三次贏得比賽，這使我們都很吃驚。 It is the third time that she has_won_the_race_，which has surprised us all. 【短文改錯】 Last Sunday，I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 8∶00 a．m.，we arrived there，wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic rule.To our delighted，they all waited for the green light patient except one motor-biker.We also give out some handmade brochures about traffic regulations，for that many people praised us.About 4 hours later，they said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts. 答案： Last Sunday，I joined voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 8∶00 a．m.，we arrived there， red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic .To our ，they all waited for the green light except one motor-biker.We also out some hand-made brochures about traffic regulations，for many people praised us.About 4 hours later， said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts. ?　解析：在全文中是第一次出現(xiàn)，不能用特指，而應(yīng)用泛指。故將the改為a。 ?　解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表主動含義，此處wear的主語是we，其間是主動關(guān)系。 ?　解析：幫助某人做某事，不存在help with sb.sth這一搭配。故將with去掉。 ?　解析：交通法規(guī)為固定用語，法規(guī)肯定不可能就一個。故將rule改為rules。 ?　解析：固定用語，意為令我們高興的是……。故將delighted改為delight。 ?　解析：副詞修飾形容詞，此處是用副詞patiently修飾形容詞waited。 ?　解析：整篇文章所描述的事情發(fā)生在過去，所以動詞應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)。 ?　解析：考查定語從句中介詞＋which的用法，此處for是與后面praised相照應(yīng)的，praise sb.for sth. ?　解析：全篇的人稱都是we我們，根據(jù)句意也應(yīng)該是“我們和警察道別”。 　解析：it在此處作形式賓語不可省略，真正的賓語是后面的不定式。