2019高考英語一輪達(dá)標(biāo) Unit 3 Inventors and inventions練題（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Inventors and inventions 一、閱讀理解。 If a city wants to hold the Olympics，it must submit a proposal to the IOC.After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues，until a majority winner is determined.Typically，the Games are awarded several years in advance，allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games，the IOC considers a number of factors，and chiefly among them is which organizing mittee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively.The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.For instance，Tokyo，the host of the 1964 Summer Games，and Beijing，that of the 2008 Games，were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia.Because of the growing importance of television worldwide，the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host citys time zone.Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours. Once the Games have been awarded，it is the duty of the local organizing mittee—not the IOC or the NOC of the host citys country to provide them with money.This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入)，and corporate sponsorships，tickets sales，and other smaller revenue sources.In many cases there is also direct government support.Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games，the Olympics can be financially risky.If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected，the city will be left with large debts. 1．________ will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC. A．A city that submits a proposal B．A majority winner in voting C．A city that has perfect time zone D．One that hasnt hosted the Games 2．If the Games take place in Canada，American television networks ________. A．will not pay for the Canadian television networks B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events C．cant broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours D．a(chǎn)re willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights 3．According to the last paragraph，which following statement is true? A．The host city must be left with large debts. B．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games. C．The city may gain a lot of money. D．It is impossible that the host city couldnt make money. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Winner or loser B．Applying for host for the Olympics C．How to host the Olympic Games D．The Olympic Games 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了申辦奧運(yùn)會的流程。 【難句分析】Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada為whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 譯文：例如，奧運(yùn)會無論在美國或者在加拿大何時舉辦，美國電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別高的費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谧罴延^看時間直播受歡迎的(體育)賽事。 1．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第一段主要介紹了產(chǎn)生主辦城市的規(guī)則，根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined”可知，在所有提案提交后，國際奧委會投票。如果沒有得票最少的城市被淘汰，則投票繼續(xù)，直到確定主辦城市。據(jù)此可知，得票數(shù)最多的城市由國際奧委會確定為奧運(yùn)會主辦城市，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada...because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours”可知，奧運(yùn)會無論在美國或者在加拿大何時舉辦，美國電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別高的費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谧罴延^看時間直播受歡迎的(體育)賽事，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，主辦城市能獲得奧運(yùn)會電視轉(zhuǎn)播、企業(yè)贊助等收入，故主辦城市可能會獲得許多資金，故C項(xiàng)正確。A、D項(xiàng)與文中最后一段的“If the financial...large debts”內(nèi)容不符；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Although...the Olympics can be financially risky”可知，盡管許多城市通過舉辦奧運(yùn)會獲得了大量資金，但奧運(yùn)會可能存在財(cái)政風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故B項(xiàng)錯誤。 4．B　考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了申辦奧運(yùn)會的流程：先向國際奧委會提交提案，國際奧委會根據(jù)規(guī)則和實(shí)際情況投票選擇主辦城市，一旦確定主辦城市，則該城市應(yīng)積極準(zhǔn)備。故B項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。 二、單句語法填空 1．Some people say that classical music ________(associate) only with old people. 答案：is associated　be associated with ... “與……有關(guān)”。 2．Though we are living a better life, I cant bear ________(see) food thrown away. 答案：seeing　cant bear doing ... “不能忍受做某事”。 3．What was it that distinguished her ________her classmates? 答案：from　distinguish ... from ... “把……與……區(qū)分/辨別開”。 4．We must always bear in mind ________China is a big country with a huge population. 答案：that　bear in mind that ... “記住……”。 5．The service offers young people ________(practice) advice on finding a job. 答案：practical　此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾其后的名詞advice。practical “實(shí)用的；實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的”。 6．We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week. 答案：expectation　由空前的冠詞可知應(yīng)填名詞。 7．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed. 答案：seizing　該句為“only＋狀語”位于句首引起倒裝的句式。face與seize為and連接的兩個并列成分，且均作by的賓語，故由facing可知應(yīng)填seizing。 8．It was not until she got home ________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. 答案：that　該句為含有not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。由該句型“It is/was＋not until ...＋that＋其他”可知，應(yīng)填that。 9．She ________(tap) me on the shoulder but I didnt feel it. 答案：tapped　由but連接并列成分可知，設(shè)空處動詞在句中作謂語；且后面并列句的謂語為didnt ...，所以空格處也應(yīng)用一般過去時，應(yīng)填tapped。 10．Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a puter can be lower than store prices. 答案：bought　過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語修飾goods。 三、完形填空。 Im sitting at the airport watching people in the last minutes before their loved ones arrive or depart. A woman is running in circles trying to gather family members together for a __1__.When the final moment es before __2__，she wraps her arms around her son，giving him a __3__ hug that should protect him until he __4__. I sit with a book in my hands，waiting my turn to leave __5__ because the ones I love have a different __6__ from mine. I think of other departures and arrivals.I __7__ seeing my daughter.I wrapped myself around her as if shed been __8__.That year she was in her first year at university，ing home for the first time. Today my flight is two hours late.When my flight is __9__ called，I gather my book and luggage.__10__ there is no one to see me off，I do not __11__ to see where I have e from.__12__，I think of my husband at work __13__ if I have left yet. As I head towards the plane，I find myself __14__ yet another arrival and departure.That year，my 91yearold grandfather died.After returning from his funeral，I arrived at the airport __15__.My husband of only a year was waiting at the gate to take me in his arms.Because of my tears，__16__ was looking at us，but I didnt __17__. Life needs the important __18__ all the time.I wish that all the people who went on a __19__ could e back to find someone __20__ them.I also wish they could leave with someone to see them off. 1．A.lecture B．goodbye C．dinner D．party 2．A.gathering B．boarding C．a(chǎn)nnouncing D．landing 3．A.powerful B．gentle C．warm D．mon 4．A.leaves B．survives C．returns D．recovers 5．A.frightened B．a(chǎn)nxious C．relaxed D．a(chǎn)lone 6．A.schedule B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．target 7．A.imagine B．enjoy C．recall D．consider 8．A.stolen B．cheated C．lost D．punished 9．A.punctually B．finally C．a(chǎn)bruptly D．repeatedly 10．A.Although B．While C．Till D．Since 11．A.slow down B．get off C．look back D．run away 12．A.However B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore 13．A.doubting B．a(chǎn)sking C．predicting D．wondering 14．A.remembering B．forgetting C．planning D．rejecting 15．A.shouting B．crying C．laughing D．whispering 16．A.someone B．everyone C．none D．a(chǎn)nyone 17．A.care B．respond C．scold D．flee 18．A.arrival B．chance C．departure D．moment 19．A.journey B．diet C．picnic D．holiday 20．A.worrying about B．smiling at C．talking of D．waiting for 【解題導(dǎo)語】作者在機(jī)場看到迎接與送行的場景，回憶起與女兒和丈夫的溫馨往事，意識到人生中需要?dú)g聚與離別這些重要的時刻。 【核心詞匯】depart vi.離開，出發(fā)　 wrap ones arms around sb.用手臂摟住某人 wait ones turn to do sth.等著輪到某人做某事 think of想起，記起　recall doing sth.回憶起做某事 see sb.off為某人送行　at work在工作，起作用 1．B　結(jié)合上文中出現(xiàn)的“arrive or depart”和下文中的“the final moment”可知，空處應(yīng)該是一個告別(goodbye)的場景，故選B。 2．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示登機(jī)(boarding)前最后的時刻，故選B。 3．A　結(jié)合下文中的“protect him”可知，母親在兒子登機(jī)前給他一個強(qiáng)有力的(powerful)擁抱，故選A。gentle“溫柔的”；warm“溫暖的”；mon“共同的，普遍的”。 4．C　根據(jù)語境可知，快要登機(jī)的時候，母親給了兒子一個強(qiáng)有力的擁抱，自然是盼望兒子能一路平安并平安歸來，故選C。leave“離開”；survive“幸存，艱難渡過”；recover“恢復(fù)”。 5．D　根據(jù)空后的“because the ones I love have a different __6__ from mine”和下文中的“there is no one to see me off”可知，作者是一個人(alone)，沒有人來為她送行，所以選D。frightened“害怕的，受驚的”；anxious“焦慮的，渴望的”；relaxed“放松的”。 6．A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者一個人離開是因?yàn)樗鶒壑硕加胁煌娜粘贪才?。schedule“日程安排，計(jì)劃表”符合語境，故選A。 7．C　結(jié)合語境可知，作者回憶起(recall)女兒上大學(xué)第一次回家的往事，所以選C項(xiàng)。 8．C　根據(jù)語境可知，作者一把抱住女兒，好像她走失了很久。lost“丟失的，遺失的”符合語境，故選C。 9．B　結(jié)合語境可知，作者等待很久之后，所乘的航班終于(finally)通知登機(jī)了，故選B。punctually“準(zhǔn)時地”；abruptly“突然地”；repeatedly“反復(fù)地”。 10．D　根據(jù)語境可知，“__10__ there is no one to see me off”和“I do not __11__ to see where I have e from”是因果關(guān)系，所以空處應(yīng)用Since“因?yàn)椋热弧薄? 11．C　既然沒有人來送行，作者不需要回頭張望(look back)。slow down“放慢，減速”；get off“下車，離開”；run away“突然離開，逃離”。 12．C　結(jié)合語境可知，作者沒有回頭張望，相反地，作者想的是，還在上班的丈夫不知道作者是否已經(jīng)離開。故選C項(xiàng)。 13．D　參見上題解析。wonder if...“不知道是否……”符合語境，故選D。 14．A　結(jié)合語境可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己記得(remembering)另一件以前的迎接與送行，故選A。 15．B　結(jié)合下文中的“Because of my tears”可知，此處應(yīng)用crying。shout“大喊，喊叫”；laugh“大笑，笑”； whisper“低語，悄聲說”。 16．B　此處指的是，因?yàn)樽髡呖奁?，每個人(everyone)都在看著作者和她的丈夫。故選B。 17．A　雖然大家都在看，但是作者并不在意(care)，故選A。respond“回復(fù)，作出反應(yīng)”；scold“訓(xùn)斥，責(zé)罵”；flee“逃離”。 18．D　根據(jù)語境可知，人生中一直需要這樣重要的時刻(moment)，故選D。arrival“到達(dá)”；chance“機(jī)會”；departure“離開”。 19．A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者希望所有出行(journey)的人回來時都能看到有人在等待(waiting for)他們。故選A。 20．D　參見上題解析。 四、單句改錯 1．The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→up　call up “使回憶起；給……打電話”。 2．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉第二個the　out of order “發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒”。 3．After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→about或doing→to do　set about doing ... ＝set out to do ... “著手/開始做……”。 4．The boy knock down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital. ___________________________________________________ 答案：knock→knocked　過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語，修飾the boy, 表被動，故應(yīng)把knock改為knocked。 5．The teachers abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening. ____________________________________________________ 答案：abruptly→abrupt　修飾動名詞短語ending speaking應(yīng)用形容詞，故將abruptly改為abrupt。 五、七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Traditional Chinese Culture Chinese culture is over 5,000 years old.__1__ The spirit of the tea ceremony Xihu Longjing(West Lake Dragon Well)and Yunnan Puer have long been world famous.__2__ The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirituality.These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from. A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware are the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insights into the wisdom of that ancient civilization. __3__ During the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization，many different flavors, styles, and cuisines(烹飪)have developed，based on traditional philosophy and culture.This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries such as Japan，Mongolia，South Korea，Thailand，and Singapore.It has benefited billions of people around the world through innovations such as Chinese vegetarian culture，tea culture，vinegar，pasta，medicinal diets，ceramic tableware，and the use of soybeans in the diet. Confucianism Confucianism emphasizes peacefulness and harmony between heaven and humanity.through pursuing the “Tao”，which is the harmonization between nature and mankind.It advocates harmony and moderation，including the harmony between individuals，as well as the harmony between a man and his inner self. Confucianism has flourished during the last 2,500 years of Chinas 5,000year history.__4__ This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in Chinas history.Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankinds livelihood and development into the next century，these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide.__5__ A．Chinese cuisine B．Traditional Chinese culture C．It has been the mainstay of that ancient civilization. D．They are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor. E．The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact. F．This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe，America and Oceania. G．This would provide long lasting benefits for man，helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了中國特色傳統(tǒng)文化。 【難句分析】Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankinds livelihood and development into the next century，these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide. 分析：本句是一個復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中不作句子成分。 譯文：74個諾貝爾獎獲得者和許多其他德高望重的學(xué)者都表示過，為了下個世紀(jì)人類生存與發(fā)展的利益，這些教義應(yīng)該在全世界被推廣和應(yīng)用。 1．E　承接上文“Chinese culture is over 5 ,000 years old”并與下文介紹的三個傳統(tǒng)文化的代表呼應(yīng)，此處起承上啟下的作用，導(dǎo)入本文所要介紹的主題：中國富有特色的傳統(tǒng)文化。所以選E項(xiàng)。 2．D　承接上文“Xihu Longjing(West Lake Dragon Well)and Yunnan Puer have long been world famous”，空處解釋了茶文化流行的原因，所以選D項(xiàng)。 3．A　空處是本段的小標(biāo)題，由下文的“During the 5, 000 years of Chinese civilization, many different flavors, styles, and cuisines(烹飪)have developed，based on traditional philosophy and culture”可推知，本段主要講的是中國的烹飪文化，所以選A項(xiàng)。 4．C　根據(jù)上文的“Confucianism has flourished during the last 2, 500 years of Chinas 5,000year history”可推知，空處講的是儒家思想在中國的重要地位，故選C項(xiàng)。 5．G　根據(jù)上文的“Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankinds livelihood and development into the next century”可知，儒家思想會給人類帶來福祉，所以選G項(xiàng)。