廣東省中考英語復習 第一部分 語法知識盤點 第10講 非謂語動詞課件

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1、第10講非謂語動詞用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.You have worked for two hours.Youd better stop _(have) a rest.to haveto speak2.Whenever you have a chance _ (speak) English,you should take it.laughingto solve3.When we heard the funny story, we couldnt help _(laugh).4.Students should learn how _ (solve) problems.Its the b

2、asic ability.5.Look! There is a pet dog_ (lie) on the ground.Letsgo and play with it.lyingdevelopedto throw6.America is a_ (develop) country, while Chinais a developing country.7.Its too hard for me to learn it.Can you show me how_ (throw) the ball?8.What about _ (practice) swimming this summervacat

3、ion?practicingsolvingto eat9.Jackson has difficulty in _ (solve) the problem insuch a short time.10.She is very hungry.Can you give her something _(eat)?考情透析：在廣東省中考英語試卷中，非謂語動詞的考查內(nèi)容主要是動詞不定式做主語、賓語和狀語，動詞不定式的省略形式，疑問詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞做主語和賓語的用法等。考生在復習時需記憶一些常見的接動詞不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞的動詞或短語。成分用法例句做賓語常接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有：would like, w

4、ant,hope, wish, plan, decide,learn, agree, try, like,remember, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue,promise, begin, start 等I want to play basketball thisweekend.這個周末我想打籃球。The boy decided to get upearly the next day.男孩決定第二天早點起床。動詞不定式1.動詞不定式的作用成分用法例句做賓語補足語在復合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語。常接動詞不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有：want

5、, wish, tell,ask, teach, encourage, invite,allow, urge, help, warn,advise, expect, force,persuade 等My mother wants me to be ateacher.我媽媽想讓我成為一名教師。She asked the students to saysomething.她讓學生們說一說。He forced us to do the hardwork.他迫使我們做這項艱苦的工作。(續(xù)表)成分用法例句做狀語動詞不定式做狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等They stay th

6、ere to wait forthe latest news.他們待在那里等待最新的消息。(做目的狀語)They are too tired to walk.他們太累了以至于走不動了。(做結(jié)果狀語)做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)，常用于 it做形式主語的句型，將動詞不定式后置To ask the teacher for help isnecessary.It is necessary toask the teacher for help.向老師求助是必要的。(續(xù)表)成分用法例句做表語 跟在系動詞后做表語Her work is to teach English.她的工作是教英語。做定語動詞不定式必須放在被

7、修飾的名詞或代詞之后，二者之間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系；如果不定式中是不及物動詞并且與所修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，不定式后面需加上合適的介詞They have no house to livein.他們無房子可住。Theres nothing much toworry about.沒多少可擔心的。(續(xù)表)2. 動詞不定式的一些特殊用法(1)后接不定式做賓語的動詞主要有：三個希望兩答應(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)，一個要求莫拒絕(demand, refuse)，設法 學會做決定(manage, learn, decide)，不要假裝在選擇(pretend, cho

8、ose)。(2) 在 常 用句型 “find/think it adj.( of/for sb.) todo sth.”中，it 做形式賓語，動詞不定式做真正的賓語，放在賓語補足語(adj.)后面。如：I find it great to walk along such a beautiful river.我發(fā)現(xiàn)沿著這么美麗的河散步真的很棒。(3)有些使役動詞和感官動詞后跟動詞不定式做賓語補足語，但不定式須省略 to。此類動詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五幫

9、(help)。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，省略的 to 則要加上。如：The funny child made everyone laugh. 這個有趣的孩子讓每個人都笑了。Everyone was made to laugh by the funny child. 每個人都被這個有趣的孩子逗笑了。(4)感官動詞“see/watch/notice/hearsb.do sth.”強調(diào)動作的全過程或經(jīng)常性。如：All of us heard her sing.我們?nèi)悸牭搅怂琛?5)had better (not) do sth.意為“最好(不要)做某事”，是固定搭配，其中 had 沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，

10、可縮寫為“d”。如：Wed/We had better (not) eat anything in the room. 我們最好(不要)在房間里吃東西。(6)“Why not do sth.？/Why dont you do sth.？”意為“(你)為什么不做某事呢？”，用于提出建議。如：Why dont you (Why not) join us now? 現(xiàn)在(你)為什么不加入我們這一方呢？(7)would rather do sth.than do sth.意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：I would rather stay at home than go to school. 我

11、寧愿待在家里也不愿去上學。(8)動詞不定式的否定形式是 not to do，其被動形式為 to bedone。如：She decided not to go there.她決定不去那兒了。The bike needs to be mended ( mending). 這輛自行車需要修理了。疑問詞不定式1.有些動詞，如 ask, know, learn, decide, tell, show, teach 等，后面可接“疑問代詞或副詞不定式”做賓語，相當于一個賓語從句。常用的疑問代詞和疑問副詞有 who, whom, whose, what,which, when, where, how, wh

12、y 等。如：I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪兒。He asked how to do it.他問怎么做。2.后接“疑問詞to do”做賓語的動詞主要有：學會 忘記有難處(learn, forget)，想知道就別來勸告(wonder,know, advise)，展開 討論 教人對付(show, discuss, teach)，弄清楚才決定告訴(find out, decide, tell)。注意：“疑問詞動詞不定式”可用來替代賓語從句。如：I cant decide which one I will buy (which one to buy).我無法決定要買哪一個。

13、Can you tell me how I can get to the station ( how to get tothe station)? 你能告訴我怎樣到達車站嗎？成分用法例句做主語 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Doing exercises is good foryour health.鍛煉有利于你的身體健康。做賓語常接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語有 enjoy,consider, keep, mind,practice, feel like, give up,cant help, miss, finish,suggest, be busy 等Have you finished readingt

14、he book？你讀完了這本書嗎？動名詞1.動名詞在句中的作用成分用法例句做表語跟在系動詞后做表語，也可轉(zhuǎn)換為做主語My job is looking after thepatient.Looking after thepatient is my job.我的工作是照看病人。做定語修飾名詞，只表示所修飾詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，放在所修飾詞之前I often go to the readingroom.我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。(續(xù)表)2.有些動詞后面只能跟動名詞做賓語。常見的動詞有：enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事keep doing sth.一直做某事suggest doing sth.建議做

15、某事finish doing sth.做完某事mind doing sth.介意做某事practice doing sth.練習做某事miss doing sth.錯過/懷念做某事3.有些短語后面可以跟動名詞做賓語。常見的短語有：be interested in doing sth.對做某事感興趣spend.(in) doing sth.花費做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事have fun (in) doing sth.開開心心做某事have a good/great/wonderful time (in) doing sth. 高高興興做某事have a hard tim

16、e (in) doing sth.做某事很困難/麻煩have trouble/problems (in) doing sth.做某事很困難/麻煩feel like doing sth.想要做某事be/get used to doing sth.習慣于做某事give up doing sth.放棄做某事put off doing sth.推遲做某事look forward to doing sth.盼望著做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事prefer doing sth.to doing sth.喜歡做某事勝過做某事cant help doing sth.忍不

17、住/情不自禁做某事make contributions to doing sth.為做某事而做出貢獻keep/stop/prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事devote (.) to doing sth.獻身于/致力于做某事4.有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞，但表達的意義不同，常見的有：stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止做某事try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.嘗試做某事forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(沒有做)forget doing sth.忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事(已做)r

18、egret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(還沒做)regret doing sth.對做過的事感到遺憾/后悔(已做)remember to do sth.記住去做某事(還沒做)remember doing sth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事(已做)go on to do sth.做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來那件事need to do sth.某人需要做某事(含主動意思)need doing 某東西需要被做(含被動意思)used to do sth.過去常常做某事be used to doing sth.習慣于做某事1.Leonardo DiCaprio,

19、 a famous American actor, was alwaysexpecting _ an Oscar and finally he made it.(2016 年廣東)A.to winB.winningC.not to winD.not winning點撥選 A考查動詞不定式。句意：萊昂納多迪卡普里奧(Leonardo DiCaprio)是位美國著名的演員，總是期待著贏得奧斯卡獎，最終他成功了。expect to do sth.意為“期待做某事”，其否定形式為expect not to do sth.結(jié)合句意可知，此處應該用肯定形式，故選 A。2.We advise parents

20、 _ their children at home alone inorder to keep them away from danger.(2015 年廣東)A.not leaveC.leave點撥選BB.not to leaveD.to leave考查動詞不定式。 句意：我們建議父母為了遠離危險，不要把他們的孩子單獨留在家里。advise sb.not to dosth.建議某人不要做某事。故選 B。3.Sarah, youd better drink more water after _ forsuch a long time.(2015 年廣州)A.runC.to run點撥選DB.r

21、unsD.running考查動名詞。句意：莎拉，在跑了很長時間后，你最好多喝水。after 在此為介詞，英語中介詞后面接動名詞。故選 D。4.Though he often made his little sister _， today hewas made _ by his little sister.(2015 年汕尾)A.cry; to cryC.cry; cry點撥選AB.crying; cryingD.to cry; cry考查非謂語動詞。句意：盡管他經(jīng)常把他妹妹弄哭，但是今天他被他妹妹弄哭了。make 用作及物動詞，意為“使，讓”，在主動語態(tài)中其后要跟省略 to 的不定式作賓語補足

22、語，而在被動語態(tài)中，to 不能省去。故選 A。5.Jane was shy.She would not invite her classmates _speaking English.(2015 年汕尾)A.practiceC.practicing點撥選DB.practicesD.to practice考查動詞不定式。句意：珍妮很害羞，她不邀請她的同學們練習英語。invite sb to do sth.邀請某人做某事，故選 D。6.In order _ for the meeting, my sister forced herselfto get up early this morning.(

23、2014 年廣東)A.not to be lateC.to be lateB.not being lateD.being late點撥選 A考查動詞不定式。in order to do sth.為了做某事，其否定形式為 in order not to do sth.。句意：為了會議不遲到，我姐姐強迫自己在早晨早起。故選 A。7.A British high school is going to allow students _lessons in the afternoon.(2014 年佛山)A.startB.startingC.to start點撥選 C考查動詞不定式。allow sb.t

24、o do sth.允許某人做某事，故選 C。8._ play with fire. _ with fire is dangerous.(2014 年梅州)A.Dont; PlayingC.Dont; PlayB.Not; PlayingD.Not to; To play點撥選 A考查非謂語動詞。句意：不要玩火。玩火很危險。由句意可知，第一句話為祈使句，應用 dont 引導；第二句話為動詞短語做主語，動詞應用動詞不定式或動名詞形式，故選 A。9.Paul looks forward to _ his pen pal as soon aspossible.(2014 年梅州)A.meetsB.me

25、etC.meetingD.met考查動名詞。look forward to doing sth.為固定點撥選C用法，故選 C。10.I didnt hear you come in just now.Thats good.We tried _ any noise, for you weresleeping.(2013 年廣東)A.not makeC.to make點撥選BB.not to makeD.making考查動詞不定式。try (not) to do sth.努力(不)做某事，try doing sth.嘗試做某事。根據(jù)語境可知此處是指努力不發(fā)出聲響。故選 B。11.I always

26、tell my students _ on the road because itsreally dangerous.(2013 年廣州)A.not to playC.not playing點撥選AB.to play notD.not play考查動詞不定式。tell sb.not to do sth.告訴某人不要做某事，故選 A。12.Her mother always persuades her _ her dietproperly.(2013 年佛山)A.to reduceB.not to reduceC.reduce點撥選A考查動詞不定式。句意：她媽媽一直提醒她要合理減少飲食。pers

27、uade sb.(not) to do sth.勸某人(不)做某事。故選 A。13.I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into theclassroom.(2013 年梅州)A.lyingB.layC.lieD.lies點撥選A考查動名詞。find sth./sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某事/某人正在做某事，letter 和 lie 之間是主動關(guān)系，所以應該用現(xiàn)在分詞。故選 A。14.Doctor Norman Bethune gave his life to _ Chinesepeople.(2013 年茂名)A.helpB.helpi

28、ngC.work點撥選B考查動名詞。 固定搭配give ones life to doingsth.獻身于做某事，故選B。15.The tree _ by your mum grows very well.(2013 年茂名)A.plantingB.is plantedC.planted點撥選 C考查過去分詞。此句主謂賓完整，又由于tree與plant 之間是被動關(guān)系，應該用過去分詞作后置定語。故選C。16.I think this talk is worth _.(2013 年肇慶)A.to listenB.to listen toC.listeningD.listening to點撥選D考查非謂語動詞。由固定搭配be worth doing可排除A、B 兩項。listen 為不及物動詞，需帶上介詞 to 后面才能跟賓語 this talk。故選D。17.It took me two weeks _ reading the novels writtenby Guo Jingming.(2012 年廣東)A.finishB.to finishC.finishesD.finishing點撥選B考查動詞不定式。It takes/took sb.some time todo sth.意為“某人花費多長時間做某事”，故選 B。