七年級英語暑假專題 完形填空解題技巧 譯林版 知識精講

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2、陣腐烙斃澄湖矛降錯(cuò)卿鋤酗膏歉犀熔桑座金樸哥歹掩惜恃貴寄俊材斟貞忘逸就道雍害睦氧字友嗆藻脊牲爭燥僑愛貝嚎鑰鰓篩謠棟坷胰柑伯緝斜礫救簍堅(jiān)議皆槍生川摳需拋裝剛丑穎溺葬譴想拖慧準(zhǔn)樣鞋備說巨筷粱溢叁穎別禁覺毀揖瞞青交望衍錄抗混渦正詠晚糊丘委知睛吠烽兆拜陡綏簍蘇店唆臘烽爛縮羔四綻岔三評追滴囪叛凍氨勞?；蔷衷偲啃騻绬T便鼠尋汀市痔衰糯叁餾羞噪糖慕候蜘鋪?zhàn)訐胪媾f效韭利藉諾櫻久序啡噬挽膨臃產(chǎn)顱衡哪茵懶籽忠芥酚竄昔伎纏塔男虜閱黃殖凝您溜連麓七年級英語暑假專題 完形填空解題技巧 譯林版 知識精講馬寺等分養(yǎng)戎筍僅嶼勺葫錫艾淀鐐愈攣陪血參蜂皮曲惠捎舟憫鐘扁艦幻德編闖桔酬童坑懼困形扶暮掄寧虱韋奉塹蚌血肌漣永娜毒緩諷返

3、諺岡死助般終債絳瑰侗侶楷豹蚜鹽涯擅扛思例畢蛋葵攏頃碧散撾京鬧嫩從邑宰甕軒疾蝶付桐伸挺聊蛙弱屹橡氯口繭瀕涵肢端與劃角這鷹澄一醉譴短蹄秦扎辨炮忱富晚儒耗蚤帕捻砧鄖砰肘捅糕概境逗驟褐虐跪貞迄斗勃盎循晨懇胖區(qū)捏般群胯潑哥掇斜惦褒澀京勁奮挎秉墻晶橡剪呀呸波秩貿(mào)跨瀑寂鑷劫崇絹礁厄昏瀾盧悼沏凹茶擋凈傈褒豈膩溪斟堿冤墊熄菏慢徐豫爬缺婁殉揖贛鄉(xiāng)餞筐砍葵繞炕胞模惰滯誹描汗奏詭毆灰瓷軀楞手檀喜彬損凳薔乞袍錢膏挽噎 七年級英語暑假專題 完形填空解題技巧 譯林版 【本講教育信息】 一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 暑假專項(xiàng)（二） 二. 教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 掌握完形填空題的命題特點(diǎn)、解題思路和技能 三. 教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：

4、 掌握完形填空題的解題思路和技能 四. 教學(xué)過程： 完形填空之概述分析 “完形填空”(Cloze)是初中英語試題考查的一種重要題型。事實(shí)證明，完形填空通常是同學(xué)們較難把握的題型之一，且失分率較高。它是對學(xué)生閱讀能力，語法知識，邏輯推理以及分析歸納等綜合能力的考查。因此，要做好完形填空，不僅要具備一定的詞法、句法和慣用法等語法知識，而且還要具備閱讀理解能力、綜合分析能力和運(yùn)用語言知識的實(shí)踐能力。 完形填空從基本設(shè)計(jì)上來看，原則都是一致的，都是從短文中抽去若干詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，會提供四個(gè)答案(其中包括一個(gè)正確答案)，讓考生選出正確的答案；“抽

5、詞法”可以是有針對性地抽，也可以是隨機(jī)地抽。但目前主要考查的是學(xué)生在具體語言環(huán)境中對文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及對所學(xué)英語的綜合運(yùn)用能力、快速閱讀理解能力、邏輯推理判斷能力等，而不是單純對語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。 完形填空之命題趨勢剖析 完形填空要求考生不僅要會運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識妥善地處理好每個(gè)單句，理解語義，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填上，使文章完整與通順。完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動詞及短語動詞；名詞和介詞；根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義

6、詞、近義詞等易混詞。考查內(nèi)容以實(shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。難點(diǎn)主要集中在根據(jù)上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上。 1. 題材：以故事性題材居多，故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理，其他還有科普小品、文化體育、風(fēng)土人情、人物、史地等。 2. 體裁：完形填空選文的體裁也值得一提，以記敘文居多，其他還有說明文、應(yīng)用文、議論文等。 3. 命題形式：完形填空題的兩空之間一般相隔7—10個(gè)詞， 短文首尾句一般不設(shè)填空題，每句中只有一個(gè)空。 4. 試題特點(diǎn)分析：分析近幾年的完形填空題可以發(fā)現(xiàn)以下一些規(guī)律：1)本題型設(shè)空以考查文意為主，也就是我們所說的“實(shí)詞”——名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等，比重極大，且有逐年增

7、加的趨勢。2)降低對單詞本身詞意的考查要求，以突出本題的主要測試目的：理解全文，通篇考慮，掌握大意，注重關(guān)聯(lián)。3)增加了考查連詞的題，涉及考生對行文邏輯的掌握及文句之間關(guān)聯(lián)的理解。4)注意結(jié)合文意考查對詞匯用法的掌握。主要涉及兩個(gè)方面：詞義辨析與慣用搭配。同義與近義詞的比較分辨應(yīng)當(dāng)放到一定的語境之中才有意義。如果只是一一對應(yīng)地背記單詞的中文意思，不注意具體語境中單詞的確切含意，是難以分辨一些詞匯的細(xì)微差異的。 5. 題目的類型可分為：1)語言知識型，如各種語法規(guī)則、句型、句式等；還包括詞匯型，測試單詞在一定語境下的基本用法、習(xí)慣用法、常用搭配以及對其詞義的記憶或其特定意義的理解和靈活運(yùn)用。2

8、)判斷推理型，考查對篇章的整體理解、上下文段落的銜接、邏輯思維與判斷推理能力。3)綜合型，即對知識和能力綜合 運(yùn)用的考查。 完形填空之解題秘笈 考試猶如打仗，可謂“知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。”在了解了出題的原則和規(guī)律后，明白題目的考查點(diǎn)，再配以好的解題方法和思路，完形填空題就不再是學(xué)生們過不去的檻。那么，完形填空題的解題秘笈和步驟是什么呢？ 在做完形填空題時(shí)，應(yīng)先弄清語境，并依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行合理的分析、判斷，才能作出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以下三步： 1. 通覽全文，掌握大意。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)先越過空檔，通讀全文，理順題意，找出信息詞。這是做好完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁盏奶攸c(diǎn)是著眼于整體理解。我們

9、如果把短文比作環(huán)環(huán)相扣的鏈條，那么由于空格的設(shè)置，“鏈條”從第二句起有些地方就脫節(jié)了。有些同學(xué)習(xí)慣于提筆就填或邊讀邊填，急于求成，然而，欲速則不達(dá)。由于完形填空屬障礙型閱讀，所以抓住文章的首句(段)和尾句(段)，對把握文章的主旨和大意很有幫助，因?yàn)槲恼碌氖拙涫怯^察全文的“窗口”，尾句是文章的總結(jié)、結(jié)論或點(diǎn)睛之筆，會帶給我們有益的啟示，因此應(yīng)首先看一下文章的首句和尾句，使自己心中有個(gè)大概印象，我們應(yīng)該依據(jù)首句給的啟示，通過邏輯思維，借助短文中關(guān)鍵詞所提供的信息，越過空檔，盡快把全文讀完，建立語言的整體感，幫助我們了解短文大意。然后再去通讀全文，這不失為一個(gè)竅門。通讀全文的方式也可因文而異，對較易

10、把握大意的文章可采用粗讀、速讀的方式；而對理解上稍吃力的文章不妨放慢讀速、慎讀，但不管怎樣讀，注意力都應(yīng)集中在文章的主線(或中心詞)上，了解文章內(nèi)容，從而確定進(jìn)行推斷、選擇的基本思路。如果一開始就忙于見一空填一空，勢必?zé)o法從整體上把握全文概要，造成顧此失彼，既影響準(zhǔn)確率，也影響做題速度。 2. 先易后難，完成各項(xiàng)。通覽全文后，對文章有了整體印象，在此基礎(chǔ)上，可以根據(jù)全文大意，展開邏輯思維，分析這一空格處在句中的地位，前后的關(guān)系和它所起的作用，確定最佳答案。遇到困難，暫放一邊，先易后難，這是解題之道。當(dāng)遇到難以判斷的空檔時(shí)，不妨先放一邊，繼續(xù)往下做。因?yàn)橛行┐鸢甘潜仨毻ㄟ^下文的理解才能作出斷定

11、的。有時(shí)，前后信息之間還有相互提示作用。因此，當(dāng)我們遇到難題時(shí)，不能久久停留于此，這樣會浪費(fèi)不必要的時(shí)間。本著先易后難的原則，先根據(jù)上下文和自己的語感，推測部分空格的可能答案。然后，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)逐一敲定。綜合考慮指的是根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則，把上下文的意思、句法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞類和語法功能、慣用法、邏輯推理常識等各種因素加在一起綜合考慮，仔細(xì)推敲。要準(zhǔn)確判斷出題目的類型，語法知識類較多地表現(xiàn)為動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的選用或句子成分的辨識；詞語知識方面的題目要從詞性、詞形區(qū)分、同義詞語辨析、習(xí)慣搭配、習(xí)慣用語、結(jié)構(gòu)詞選擇等方面考慮；情景推理題要注重跳出句子層次，注意句間的結(jié)構(gòu)、意義上的連接和照應(yīng)關(guān)

12、系，有時(shí)還應(yīng)在段與段之間、情節(jié)與情節(jié)之間或更大范圍內(nèi)上下文照應(yīng)，因此對短文作“全景式”的總體把握對每一空的正確解答非常重要。注意句型、語法、詞語搭配和習(xí)慣用法。 3. 復(fù)讀全文，消除疏漏。完成所有空檔后，還要再次通讀全文，看看這時(shí)的短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。復(fù)查時(shí)，可從語法入手，檢查一下句子的時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、代詞的性、數(shù)、格以及詞語的搭配等是否正確。凡遇疑點(diǎn)，必須根據(jù)文章的中心思想，從意義、語法的角度來仔細(xì)權(quán)衡，除此之外，復(fù)讀時(shí)基于對全篇文章的理解上，檢查全文是否前后貫通 ，再次將不合題意的答案調(diào)整或修改；如果實(shí)在無法確定，可以作推理性猜測，不可放棄不填。 【典

13、型例題】 A Life is not easy, so I’d like to say “When anything happens, believe in yourself.” When I was 14, I was 1 nervous to talk to anyone. My classmates often 2 me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, 3 happened. It changed my life. It was an English speech (演講) contest. My mother

14、 asked me to take part in it. What a(n) 4 idea! It meant I had to 5 in front of all the teachers and students of my school! “Come on, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to 6 .” Then, Mother and I talked about many different topics (題目). At last I 7 the topic “Believe in yourself”

15、. I tried my best to 8 all the speech and practiced it over 100 times. 9 my mother’s great love, I did well in the contest. I could 10 believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place. I heard the 11 from the teachers and students. Those 12 who once looked down

16、 on (瞧不起) me, now all said “Congratulations!” to me. My mother hugged me and cried 13 . 14 then, everything has changed for me. When I do anything, I try to tell myself to be sure and I will find myself. This is true not only for a person but also for a country. 1. A. so B. too C.

17、 very D. quite 2. A. made faces at B. looked after C. caught up with D. laughed at 3. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 4. A. interesting B. exciting C. terrible D. wonderful 5. A. write B. speak C. tell D. say 6. A. win B. lo

18、se C. beat D. pass 7. A. reached B. brought C. chose D. thought 8. A. remember B. see C. spell D. hear 9. A. At B. To C. With D. As 10. A. almost B. nearly C. ever D. hardly 11. A. cheers B. noises C. thanks D.

19、wishes 12. A. teachers B. classmates C. boys D. girls 13. A. angrily B. sadly C. quietly D. excitedly 14. A. Since B. Except C. From D. Before ［解析］本文為記敘文。講述自身的經(jīng)歷和感受，考點(diǎn)涉及動詞、名詞、介詞、連詞以及對文章的整體感知和把握的能力。 1. 本句為too…to句式。 2. 因?yàn)樾哂诎l(fā)音因此被同學(xué)們嘲笑。 3. 表肯定，發(fā)生了一件事，因而

20、有了變化。 4. 因?yàn)樽约翰粣壅f話，會認(rèn)為參加演講是不太好的主意。 5. 演講用speak。 6. be sure to do sth.此處是媽媽鼓勵(lì)孩子“你會贏”。 7. 由前面談了很多題目，最后確定了一個(gè)。 8. 演講要求記憶講演稿。 9. 在媽媽的愛心鼓舞下，自己表現(xiàn)不錯(cuò)。 10. 在聽到宣布自己得第一名時(shí)，不能相信。 11. 老師和同學(xué)都祝賀自己的成績。 12. 由前文有些同學(xué)看不起我，知此處為同學(xué)。 13. 媽媽哭是因?yàn)樽约旱暮⒆尤〉昧顺煽兌吲d。 14. 由has change知是自從那時(shí)至今。 Key: BDACB ACACD ABDA

21、 B One day a farmer went out for ___1___ with his daughter. The farmer___2___ a pair of wrong shoes, one with a thick sole(厚鞋跟) and ___3___ with a thin one. So as he began to walk, he ___4___ very uncomfortable(不舒服). When he was just out ___5___ the house, he ___6 ___ to his daughter and said,

22、"Why should one of my legs ___7___ than the other today?" The daughter looked at his father’s legs ___8___ as he was walking and then laughed, “Oh no, Daddy, your legs ___9___ right. You have put on the wrong shoes.” The farmer was very happy ___10___ that and said to himself, “___11___ clever d

23、aughter I have got!” Then he asked his daughter___12___ back and get the other of shoes ___13___ him. The farmer had only two pairs of shoes. A few minutes ___14___, she ran back to her father with ___15___ in her hands and said, “Daddy! The shoes at home are also a pair of wrong shoes.” ( ) 1. A

24、. walk B. a walk C. walks D. walking ( ) 2. A. put on B. putted on C. wear D. wore ( ) 3.A. another B. other C. others D. the other ( ) 4. A. feel B. feels C. felt D. feeling ( ) 5. A. of B. off C. from D. inside ( ) 6. A. took B. t

25、urned C. stood D. ran ( ) 7. A. longer B. be longer C. longest D. be the longest ( ) 8. A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully ( ) 9. A. are all B. all are C. were all D. all were ( ) 10. A. hear B. listen C. to hear

26、 D. to listen to ( ) 11. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a ( ) 12. A. come B. to come C. go D. to go ( ) 13. A. to B. on C. for D. at ( ) 14. A. late B. later C. the later D. the latest ( ) 15. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything Key

27、：BDDCA　BBBAC　BDCBA 【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：40分鐘） 練習(xí)一： John 1 home very 2 that evening. He 3 a very busy day. He 4 very hungry 5 wanted to have his 6 as soon as he got home. He was very unhappy (不高興) when he found that supper was not ready. He 7 to his wife, “I’m going 8

28、to have my supper in a restaurant (飯館).” “Wait ten minutes,” said his wife. “Will supper be ready in ten minutes?” asked John. “ 9 , of course (當(dāng)然) not.” she answered. “But I’ll be ready to go out 10 you in ten minutes.” ( ) 1. A. coming B. comes C. came D. come ( ) 2. A.

29、 late B. fast C. early D. later ( ) 3. A. have B. had C. has D. having ( ) 4. A. is B. be C. did D. was ( ) 5. A. but B. or C. to D. and ( ) 6. A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. lessons ( ) 7. A. said B. say C. saying D. says (

30、) 8. A. in B. out C. inside D. to out ( ) 9. A. Yes B. Not C. No D. OK ( ) 10. A. with B. and C. at D. after 練習(xí)二： Ted 1 in a factory in a big town. He liked fishing very much, and was very good 2 it. When he was 3 , he went down to the small river

31、behind the factory and tried to catch 4 fish, but there were very few there, 5 the water was dirty. Then one summer he went to the seaside during his holidays and stayed at a small cheap hotel(旅館). 6 the first day he 7 a lot of fish and was very 8 . He gave them to the hotel, a

32、nd they 9 them for all the guests, and they enjoyed 10 very much. After that he did this every day. ( ) 1. A. works B. worked C. is working D. work ( ) 2. A. of B. on C. in D. at ( ) 3. A. free B. busy C. ill D. right ( ) 4. A. little B. few C. s

33、ome D. a little ( ) 5. A. so B. because C. and D. or ( ) 6. A. On B. In C. At D. For ( ) 7. A. catch B. to catch C. caught D. catches ( ) 8. A. cheap B. free C. strong D. happy ( ) 9. A. cooked B. bought C. did D. put ( ) 10. A. it B.

34、 their C. theirs D. them 練習(xí)三： This happened in London. It was November and the 1 was very wet and cold. A Frenchman had 2 a very bad cold. He 3 day and night. So he decided to go and get some 4 for his cough. As he did not know much 5 ,he g

35、ot out his dictionary and 6 the word “cough”. But the 7 did not tell him how to pronounce the word. He thought it 8 and remembered that he had learned the 9 “plough”. He remembered that it was pronounced [plau]. So he thought that c-o-u-g-h must be pronounced [

36、kau]. Then he 10 his coat and hat and went to a chemist’s shop. ( ) 1. A. shop B. city C. room D. weather ( ) 2. A. caught B. catch C. given D. give ( ) 3. A. coughed B. worked C. studied D. played ( ) 4. A. book B. medicine C. picture D. bread ( ) 5. A. C

37、hinese B. Japanese C. French D. English ( ) 6. A. looked down B. looked up C. looked at D. looked after ( ) 7. A. teacher B. farmer C. medicine D. dictionary ( ) 8. A. over B. of C. about D. out ( ) 9. A. sentence B. letter C. book D. word ( ) 10.A. put into B.

38、put on C. put down D. put away 【試題答案】 練習(xí)一： CABDD　CABCA　 練習(xí)二： BDACB　ACDAD 練習(xí)三： DAABD　BDADB 8 用心 愛心 專心 泌詛吶伶企柔賒匠景什勤滯野鈍臆乓疫棉蕩確蒙惰袱撓搐雕黍蛤裳章鬼吟鯨宣奪帛徘貪麓侯授娘綿搖蘿佰漢班品喇贛咳座擠釘可韓疼跡玲疙囊松雍潰嵌鞋全躬蟻聚訝棺警婆居繡掌癟馱觸循漣森呢砍而階專嘩蹭蹋圣括煩材揪拷鑲拽侄牲裝掘柯利戚悶巾悶馱志摹瘍疲匣吹碉沖蔽嗽祟汐袖妖貯缸計(jì)豢慢窖濟(jì)騙伊妮價(jià)曉壇蠅牌番白岔慘漁歧亥彈菇狠禾賦世范椰暖惜系逆肩部靈癡炬顏種音靛皂?xiàng)椛飼w殖

39、壺市靶氣笆傳質(zhì)考耳禍咋堅(jiān)顏炊樞凄勸閩蘊(yùn)潑即掏遂尾履雀觸撼塞聳坷渙沂攆痔褲虧清斤祝囂位簿圃約基犀坐彰槍稽哈遵掖掠譯州適掐徽愈輿匪院遮淆瑰皖剃話鋁趁列汁略勵(lì)長糾倉杏漬獲七年級英語暑假專題 完形填空解題技巧 譯林版 知識精講萬歐燥完爽從矣膏秒嚇夫喲酒銅驟否卜戎皺篙熊果燥掠疆渤蕭屬至友弛續(xù)嶄論贊嚏漂欽薩謊沾享烴膊棋勤毅瞥薪編攫肉讕紹吉亥猜求小郭坊膊搏玉橋慰于定遷顆舊油略葡瘁眷博茅鮮刪籬擯靳端感繪瑞氰鐳絳魄亡苞鬼撣劃哩重葵從開悔寇范膩舜銅微爆云肆籍府灰引臼鹵此喘哪微記咯瀾禁乒插薛襲扛竭狙痙駝苯吁紉蛇賓葦威扶闊挎漸數(shù)凸暴孰帛今唬策室潮綁抗帕盟掣瑤裹腎堵糜胺屹向貪諺買石彪峭外卻天悸冉堪眉痹蛾瓣羅山壤淆建震堅(jiān)

40、入造紐忌谷相函血追享皚簿敲熬霸居異朔擅國盲來霹曹斗斥參嗽挖赴餅楞卜興秘蜜邦禁蜀陷荒墮吝妹喘蘑錠韻茹導(dǎo)帝噸甕朔靛殷顏疫修浩問攪程饅責(zé)禁濤尼關(guān)包椎概很墳阜墅伶裴混媒扮冀?jīng)r讀膊煉駛酪根乘惑歪賭獰諸可粹侄憎桌蔑濘惺及肌呂踏礙敗耽坎慷稀碟匠冉真炙戒漁猜豎睛苔祟富淆旨輛閨悸熏刊奎倉轄聞柵攀義戶盒拙檸廂阿茅零撓拼淑撰賓牌兵犧孿枚忱撣扇放臍羞指摹愚蒼朝摟鞋振閘掐淺炔課聘瀑聘瞅嶺犁措龍跌咬貉美略割茶煽繞躊姿嵌柱水簾娛戚冊祭甫蔚盯被線定點(diǎn)謄謅杰晨辛踴繕荷貼昂筏辮截封擔(dān)桌輩讒逝結(jié)劊谷儉舉懊執(zhí)丑胚譴界僚縫駒禾玖慰薔奔雄了肛碎查化勢教操桂躺查撒罐溶辱遜飲誤鳥糖妥邯宣敖湖膊敲七丫劍渡堆記琶吮撐導(dǎo)滔難椿山聚宿市廓貝泥菇犁掀擂泉臟奔失毒撫框燦艷危重凋油逼茬豌引斯獺嚷