人教版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)專題2 介詞介詞短語

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1、第六講　介詞、介詞短語 　　　　　　　　掌握介詞的基本意義，輕松應(yīng)考 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界) ____________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—t

2、he very thing the medical community was trying to fight. as　解析：此處表示“作為一種與心臟病作斗爭的方法”，故填as“作為”。 2．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____________their hands. with　解析：with“用(工具)……”，符合句意。 3．(2019·四川卷)The mother continued to car

3、e for the young panda ____________ more than two years. for　解析：“for＋一段時間”作時間狀語，表示“持續(xù)了一段時間”。 4．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away ____________ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. by　解析：乘坐交通工具常用by加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，by

4、car“開車”。 5．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.____________________ 去掉第二個of　解析：realize是及物動詞，其后直接跟賓語，of多余。 6．(2019·廣東七校第二次聯(lián)考)In October 1st, I went to Tian’anmen Square with my parents, where we watched the flag-raising ceremony.____________________

5、In→On　解析：考查介詞。介詞on表示在具體的某一天。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 ____________________________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．a(chǎn)t, in, on表示時間 (1)at表示某一時刻 at 12：00(在12點(diǎn))，at noon(在中午), at night(在夜里), at midnight(在半夜), at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破曉), at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落), at dusk(在黃昏)。 (2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等較長的時間 in the 1980’s/198

6、0s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening。 (3)on用于表示具體的日子或一個特定的時間(如：某日、某節(jié)日、星期幾等) on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day，on the morning of July 3rd。 2．by, before, after, until/till, during, within表示時間 (1)by指“到……時(為止)” (2)before“在……以前” (3)after“在……后” (4)unti

7、l/till指“直到……為止” (5)during“在……期間” (6)within“在……之內(nèi)” He often falls asleep during the class, which makes his teacher very angry. 他常常上課睡覺，這使他的老師很生氣。 3．between, among表示“在……之間” between指“在……之間(兩者之間)”，常和and連用；among表示“在……之間(三者或三者以上)”。 Keep the close relationship between teachers and students. 保持親密的師生

8、關(guān)系。 4．by, in, on, with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等” (1)by表示“乘，坐(交通工具)”或“通過……方式”； (2)in當(dāng)“用”講時，后常接表示語言、材料等的詞； (3)with表示使用某種具體的工具、手段等。 ①by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship ②go to school on my bike, on foot ③Her parents always talk to her in German. 她的父母總是用德語和她交談。 ④We see with our eyes, hear with our ears,

9、 and walk with our legs.　我們用眼睛看，用耳朵聽，用腿走路。 5．a(chǎn)bout, on表示“關(guān)于” about多用于表示內(nèi)容比較普通、不太正式的情形，on多指內(nèi)容屬于專門性的，是嚴(yán)肅的或?qū)W術(shù)性的，有時兩者可通用。 He gave a report on/about the international situation at the meeting. 他在會上做了一個關(guān)于國際形勢的報告。 6．from, since表示時間 (1)from表示開始的時間，譯為“從……開始”，多用于“from...to/till”結(jié)構(gòu)中； (2)since表示“自……以后，從…

10、…以來”。 We work from Monday to Friday every week. 我們每周從周一工作到周五。 I haven’t heard from him since last year. 自從去年，我就沒有收到過他的來信。 7．with的常見用法 (表示關(guān)系)和……一起；(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有；(表示方式)用……，憑借……；(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)椤? Would you like to go to the theatre with us? 你愿意和我們一起去看戲嗎？ The small child trembled with fear. 那個小孩嚇得打哆嗦

11、。 8．for的用法 表示“為了；給，對(表示對象、用途等)；因?yàn)椋捎?；向，?表示去向)；就……而言”。 The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.　我們大多數(shù)人最關(guān)心的是大眾教育的質(zhì)量問題。 9．without的用法 表示“沒有，缺乏；不和……在一起；不用，不拿，不帶”。 It is a pity that David is away on business. Anyhow, you’ve got a great deal of time to tour in New York

12、without him.　很遺憾，大衛(wèi)出差了。不管怎樣，你有大量時間可以單獨(dú)在紐約游覽。 10．a(chǎn)gainst的用法 (表示方位)倚靠著……；(表示態(tài)度)反對；(表示對比)以……為背景。 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.　看來意見達(dá)成一致是不可能了，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會成員都表示反對。 11．beyond的用法 (表示位置)在……另一邊，在……更遠(yuǎn)處；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。 Everybody was touched

13、 beyond words after they heard her moving story. 聽了她感人的故事，大家都被感動得無以言表。 　　　　　　　　介詞用法不算難，固定搭配記心間 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原則這樣運(yùn)用 1．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused ____________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. on　解析：be focused on意為“集中于…

14、…”，為固定搭配。 2．(2019·天津卷)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ____________ her opinion on the subject. to　解析：give voice to意為“表達(dá)，吐露，發(fā)泄”，為固定短語。 3．(2019·天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry ____________ a conversation with he

15、r. on　解析：carry on“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，從事”，為固定短語。 4．(2019·昆明質(zhì)量檢測)A lack ____________ water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems. of　解析：考查固定搭配。a lack of為固定搭配，意為“缺乏”。 5．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period

16、 of time.____________________ dreams后加of　解析：dream of doing sth.“夢想做某事”，為固定用法。 6．(2019·福建福州八中高三質(zhì)檢)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation, can we go beyond ourselves.____________________ with→to解析：attach importance to意為“重視……”，為固定搭配。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 _____________

17、_______________________________________原則這樣解讀 1．名詞與介詞搭配 by accident 偶然 by chance 碰巧 on board 在船上(或飛機(jī)上、火車上) on business 因公出差 on average 平均 in charge 掌管，主管 in particular 特別，尤其，詳細(xì)地 in place 適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)? in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處 in favo(u)r of 贊成，支持 in honour of 為了紀(jì)念，對……表示敬意 in spite of 盡管，雖然 in tur

18、n 依次，轉(zhuǎn)而 in vain 徒勞 in memory of 為紀(jì)念…… in return 作為回報 in order 按順序，處于良好狀態(tài) for instance 例如，比如 2．動詞與介詞搭配 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 rob sb. of sth. 搶劫某人某物 call at 訪問(某地) call for 要求，需要 care about 關(guān)心 do harm to 傷害 fix one’s eyes on 注視 get rid of 免除，擺脫 run out of 用完 come up with 提出 put fo

19、rward 提出 make fun of 取笑 adapt to 適應(yīng) refer to 涉及，查閱 come across (偶然)遇見 pick up 撿起，用車接(某人)，接收，偶然習(xí)得 3．形容詞與介詞搭配 be curious about 對……好奇 be proud of 因……而自豪 be popular with 受到……的歡迎 be anxious about 為……憂慮 be concerned about 對……擔(dān)心、憂慮 be present at 出席 be absent from 缺席 be free from 免于 ,[學(xué)生用書P30

20、]　 　　) 單句語法填空 1．(2019·湖北武漢武昌區(qū)高三1月調(diào)考)Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea, the Yangtze is a natural division ____________ north and south. between　解析：由句意及句中的and可知，此處表示兩者(南和北)之間，用介詞between。 2．(2019·湖北華大聯(lián)盟高三2月質(zhì)檢)The theory of kung fu is based ____________ classical Chinese philos

21、ophy(哲學(xué))． on/upon　解析：base...on/upon...為固定搭配，意為“建立在……基礎(chǔ)上”。 3．(2019·平頂山市調(diào)研)Another good reason ____________ reading books is that it is useful. for　解析：在reason后面用for表示“……的原因”，故填for。 4．(2019·太原二模)I said hello ____________ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece o

22、f chocolate？” to　解析：考查介詞。say hello to sb.意為“向某人問好”，符合語境，故用介詞to。 5．(2019·浙江臺州期末考試)It means that we cannot use some modern household items, ____________ washing machines and they use too much water. like/including　解析：根據(jù)“some modern household items”可知，此處表示舉例，故可填like“例如”，或填including，表示“包括”。 6．(2019·

23、河南豫南九校質(zhì)量考評)My parents and teachers were surprised ____________ my bad performance. at　解析：句意：我的父母和老師對我不好的表現(xiàn)感到很驚訝。be surprised at為固定短語，意為：對……感到驚訝。 7．(2019·江西贛中南五校一模)Nowadays, millions ____________ lonely singles are now going online. of　解析：句意：現(xiàn)在，數(shù)以百萬計的感到孤獨(dú)的單身們正在上網(wǎng)。millions of為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：數(shù)以百萬計的。 8．(20

24、19·河南八市重點(diǎn)高中質(zhì)檢)Ocean currents changed ____________ the climate and probably led the fish into different areas. with　解析：句意：洋流隨氣候變化而變化，并可能會把魚帶到不同的區(qū)域。with表示伴隨，意為：隨著。 9．(2019·河北正定中學(xué)月考)Sichuan is home ____________ pandas, also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road. to　解析：句意：“be home to...”為固定句型，

25、意為：是……的故鄉(xiāng)、產(chǎn)地。 10．(2019·山東師大附中二模)She said her name was Miss Bai She and kindly offered to show me ____________ the city. around　解析：句意：她說她名叫白蛇小姐并熱心地主動提出帶我參觀這座城市。show sb.around sp.為固定短語，意為：帶某人參觀某地。 單句改錯 1．(2019·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Last weekend we went for camping in the mountains with our teacher, Anna.____

26、________________ 刪除for　解析：考查固定搭配。go camping表示“野營”，故介詞for多余。 2．(2019·貴陽檢測)But the butcher refused and even argued that it wouldn’t do harm her health.____________________ her前加to　解析：考查介詞。do harm to為固定搭配，意為“對……有危害”，故加介詞to。 3．(2019·江西南昌調(diào)研)Under his help, we have learned immediately how to analyze a

27、nd settle problems.____________________ Under→With　解析：with one’s help為固定搭配，意為“在某人的幫助下”，故將Under改為With。 4．(2019·河南豫南九校質(zhì)量考評)Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study.____________________ 去掉with　解析：句意：首先，你們可以分享高效的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來促進(jìn)你們的英語學(xué)習(xí)。share sth. with sb.與某人分享某物。

28、本句中share后為分享的內(nèi)容，故將with刪除。 5．(2019·湖北襄陽第一次調(diào)研)They say they have learned what is not taught in textbooks and have got a great deal practice.____________________ deal后加of　解析：句意：他們說他們學(xué)到了在教材中沒有的內(nèi)容并得到了很多實(shí)踐。a great deal of為固定短語，意為：許多。 6．(2019·山東臨沂一模)If you find a position at there, I’m sure you’ll have

29、a rapid improvement in both your character and ability.____________________ 去掉at　解析：句意：如果你在那里找到一個職位，我確信你會在品質(zhì)和能力上都會有迅速的提升。there為副詞，可單獨(dú)作狀語，故將at刪除。 7．(2019·山西晉商四校聯(lián)考)In Sunday morning, Li Lin was about to study when his father came up and advised him to have a break.____________________ In→On　解析：句意：在

30、周日上午，李林剛要學(xué)習(xí)這時他父親走了過來建議他休息一會兒。表示“在具體某天的上午、下午或晚上”時，需用介詞on而非in。 8．(2019·福建龍巖3月質(zhì)檢)Cell phones are much easier for us to take notes and more convenient to search what we need.____________________ search后加for　解析：句意：我們使用手機(jī)做筆記更容易些，使用手機(jī)搜尋我們需要的東西更方便。search for搜尋；search搜身。根據(jù)本句意思可知需將search后加for。 短文改錯 (2019

31、·安徽師大附中高三階段性測試)This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving around the small parking lot, try to find a parking sp

32、ace. He head for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library book to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them to him. He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 答案

33、： This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, at that moment I was very . Outside the library, I saw man driving around the small parking lot, to find a parking space. He for the disabled parking s

34、pace, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them him. He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 內(nèi)容總結(jié) （1）4．(2019·昆明質(zhì)量檢測)A lack ____________ water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems. of　解析：考查固定搭配