2018秋高中英語 Unit 5 First aid同步練習 新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 5 First aid 話題誦讀 日積月累 [導語]　在別人發(fā)生危險時，我們會盡量去進行急救。但是你知道進行急救應該注意哪些問題嗎？ Never try and reset(重新安裝)a broken bone.Remember，this is first aid－if you are doing this，you are preparing a patient for transport.Unless you are 110% sure of what you are doing，resetting a broken bone runs a strong risk of making things worse. It is dangerous to give aspirin(阿司匹林)to anyone under the age of 16 as it can cause potential damage to the brain and liver before this age. Never，ever put yourself in danger！As much as this seems to lack passion，remember that being a hero，in this case，means nothing if you e back dead. If you arent sure what to do，leave it to the professionals.If its not a life-critical injury，doing the wrong thing can endanger the patient.See the note about training，up above in tips. Do not move the person.It could harm them even more；unless they are in immediate danger.Wait for the ambulance to arrive to take over treatment of the person. Do not touch someone who is being shocked by an electrical current.Turn off the power or use a piece of non-conductive material(eg，wood，dry rope，dry clothing)to separate him from the power source before touching him. Before touching a victim or offering any aid，get consent to treat！Check the laws in your area.If someone has a “Do not resuscitate(使復蘇)”order，respect it(only if you see proof)．If the person is unconscious and at the risk of death or injury，without any known “Do not resuscitate”order，go ahead and treat by implied consent. [詞海拾貝] 1．risk 　　　　 n．&v.冒險 2．potential adj.潛在的 3．passion n．同情 4．consent n．同意，許可 [問題思考] 1．Can an ordinary person reset a broken bone？Why? _______________________________________________________ 2．What should you do first to touch someone who is being shocked by an electrical current? _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.No，he cant.Because resetting a broken bone may result in making things worse.2.Turn off the power or use a piece of non-conductive material to separate him from the power source. 自主預習 步步提高 詞匯識記 Ⅰ.為單詞選擇正確的釋義 1．temporary　　　　 A．液體 2．injury B．溫柔的；輕微的 3．liquid C．暫時的；臨時的 4．mild D．繃帶 5．electric shock E．損傷；傷害 6．bandage F．觸電；電休克 7．symptom G．典禮；儀式 8．ceremony H．癥狀；征兆 答案：1.C　2.E　3.A　4.B　5.F　6.D　7.H　8.G Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語提示寫出單詞 1．________n．&vt.幫助；援助 2．________n．皮；皮膚 3．________v．(使)膨脹；隆起 4．________adj.生死攸關(guān)的；至關(guān)重要的 5．________adj.潮濕的 6．________adj.牢的；緊的 7．________n．勇敢；勇氣 8．________vt.&vi.涂；搽；應用；申請；請求 答案：1.aid　2.skin　3.swell　4.vital　5.damp　6.tight　7.bravery　8.apply Ⅲ.根據(jù)英語釋義寫出單詞 1．________：a substance that causes death or harm if it is swallowed or absorbed into the body 2．________：a physical object that keeps two areas，people，etc.apart 3．________：consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understand 4．________：to press something firmly together with your fingers or hands 5．________：to make a liquid or other substance flow out of or into a container by holding it at an angle 6．________：to lose blood 7．________：a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some way 8．________：to be unable to breathe properly because something is in your throat or there is not enough air 答案：1.poison　2.barrier　3.plex　4.squeeze　5.pour　6.bleed　7.variety　8.choke Ⅳ.選用短語的適當形式填空 first aid；fall ill；electric shock；squeeze out；stick to；over and over again；in place；pour out 1．Could you please ________ one room for me? 2．He might ________ or meet with some other disasters，so it was always better to be prepared. 3．He got burnt so badly that his clothes ________ his skin. 4．I warned him ________ not to go there at night. 5．My son likes everything ________ before starting to do his homework. 6．Students were ________ when the accident happened. 答案：1.squeeze out　2.fall ill　3.stuck to　4.over and over again　5.in place　6.pouring out Ⅴ.領會句子所用的句型并譯成漢語 1．Often the illness or injury is not serious，but there are other_times_when_giving_first_aid_quickly_can_save__lives. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2．If__possible，discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3．So as you can imagine，if your skin gets__burned it can be very serious. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 4．There are three types of burns.Burns are called first，second or third degree burns，depending__on__which__layers_ _of__the_ _skin _are__burned. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 5．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.這種病或傷害通常不嚴重，但有一些時候，迅速急救會挽救人的性命。 2．如果可能，討論一下在這些情形下你應該實施什么形式的急救。 3．因此你可以想象得到，如果你的皮膚燒傷了就可能非常嚴重。 4．根據(jù)皮膚燒傷的程度而有一度燒傷、二度燒傷和三度燒傷。 5．除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀。 語篇理解 課文表層理解 Ⅰ.判斷正(T)誤(F) 1．The skin is the largest organ of your body. (　　) 2．First aid should only be given by a professional person. (　　) 3．There are three types of burns. (　　) 4．Remove clothing using scissors if it is stuck to the burn. (　　) 答案：1.T　2.F　3.T　4.F Ⅱ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答問題 1．How many layers does the skin consist of? _______________________________________________________ 2．What can cause burns? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3．Why doesnt a third degree burn hurt? _______________________________________________________ 4．Whats the main idea of the text? _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.Three layers. 2．Hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，chemicals. 3．Because nerves can be damaged. 4．The burns and the first aid treatment. Ⅲ.根據(jù)對文章的理解，試著將下面表格補充完整(每空一詞) The impor- tance of the skin 　An 1.________ part of your body and its largest organ. Acting as a(n) 2.________ against disease，poisons and the suns harmful rays. Keeping you warm or cool. Preventing your body from 3.________ too much water. Giving you your sense of 4.________. Burns Causes Hot 5.________，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity or chemicals. Types and charact- eristics First degree burns Dry，red and mildly swollen Mildly painful Turn white when 6.________ Second degree burns Rough，red and swollen Blisters 7.________ surface Extremely painful Third degree burns Black and white and charred 8.________；often tissue under them can be seen Little or no pain if nerves are 9.________；may be pain around edges of injured area Burns First aid treatment Cool 10.________ with cool but not icy water at once. Place cool，clean，wet cloths on the 11.________ area over and over again for about an hour. Send the victim to the 12.________ at once. If needed，take any possible measures. 答案：1.essential　2.barrier　3.losing　4.touch　5.liquids　6.pressed　7.Watery　8.Swollen　9.damaged　10.burns　11.burned　12.hospital/doctor 課文深層理解 Ⅰ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇最佳選項 1．The largest organ of your body is the ________． A．brain　　　　　 B．mouth C．stomach D．skin 2．Which of the following is NOT the function of the skin according to the text? A．It protects you against disease，poisons and the suns harmful rays. B．It helps the heart beat. C．It can keep you warm or cool. D．It prevents your body from losing too much water and gives you the sense of touch. 3．What is the RIGHT treatment for the first degree burns? A．Get the victim to the doctor or hospital. B．Put butter，oil or ointments on burns as they dont keep the heat in the wounds and may decrease infection. C．Keep cloths cool by putting them back in the cold water. D．Place cool，clean，wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. 4．If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and charred，it belongs to ________． A．first degree burns B．second degree burns C．third degree burns D．none of the above 5．The writer writes this passage mainly to tell us________． A．the burns and the first aid treatment B．the characteristics of burns C．the function of the skin D．how to carry out the first aid for burns 答案：1.D　2.B　3.D　4.C　5.A Ⅱ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答下列問題 1．What are the functions of our skin? _______________________________________________________ 2．How many causes of burns can you name? _______________________________________________________ 3．Why should you put burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes? _______________________________________________________ 4．Why doesnt a third degree burn hurt? _______________________________________________________ 5．Why do you think clothes and jewelry near burns should be removed? _______________________________________________________ 6．How can you deal with second degree burns? _______________________________________________________ 7．If someone has a third degree burn，why might you see tissue? _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.The skin acts as a barrier against disease，poisons and the sun rays.It keeps us warm or cool，prevents our body from losing too much water，offers us our senses of cold，heat，pain and touch. 2．There are a variety of causes，for example，we can get burned by hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity or chemicals. 3．The gently running water stops the burning process，stops the pain and prevents the pain from being unbearable and reduces swelling. 4．Because in a third degree burn the nerves have been damaged.If there are no nerves，there is no pain. 5．Because (if we do not take off the clothes and jewelry，) bacteria from them could infect the burns. 6．We can keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water，squeezing them out and putting them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad. 7．Because all layers of the skin have been burnt showing the tissue underneath. 知識聚焦 講練互動 要點直擊 1．a(chǎn)id n．[U]幫助；援助；資助；救援物資　[C]輔助用品 vt.幫助；援助；資助 (教材原句P33)First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救就是在找到醫(yī)生之前對突然生病或受傷的人提供的一種臨時的救助。 歸納拓展 (1)first aid　急救 in aid of... 為了幫助…… e to ones aid 幫助某人 with the aid of... 在……的幫助下 (2)aid sb幫助某人做…… ①We can travel with the aid of a good map. 我們可以靠著好的地圖旅行。 ②Whats this little handle in aid of? 這個小把手有什么用？ 即學即練 完成句子。 ①He ________ the poor ________ money. 他用錢幫助窮人。 ②They ________ the problem. 他們幫忙解決這個問題。 介詞填空。 ③He was too busy to e ________ my aid. ④They are collecting money ________ aid of rare-earth research. ⑤________ the aid of a pass the traveler can find his bearings(方位)． ⑥Thank you for aiding me ________ the work. 答案：①aided　with?、赼ided in solving?、踭o　④in?、軼ith?、辸ith 2．variety n．[C，U]變化；多樣(化)；多變(性) (教材原句P34)You can get burned by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation(by being close to high heat or fire，etc)，the sun，electricity or chemicals. 你可能由于各種原因而被燒傷：灼熱的液體、水蒸氣、火、輻射(由于靠近高溫或大火等)、陽光、電或化學物品。 歸納拓展 (1)a variety of＝varieties of各種各樣的 (2)various adj.＝a variety of/varieties of各種各樣的；不同種類的 (3)vary vt.&vi.變化；使多樣化 vary with...隨……而變化 vary from...to...從……到……不等；在……到……之間變動 ①The library provides us students with a wide variety of books. 圖書館為我們學生提供各種各樣的書籍。 ②It must be difficult to play various personas in the same movie. 在同一個電影中扮演不同的角色肯定不容易。 即學即練 用vary/variety/various填空或完成句子。 ①There are wide ________ of flowers in the park. ②As in China，the climate in Canada ________ from area to area. ③He has collected a large number of coins of ________ shapes and colours. ④The garden offers ________ attractions. 這花園有各種各樣的景觀。 ⑤There are ________ of cooking rice. 做米飯有各種不同的方法。 ⑥His mood ________________． 他的情緒每天都有變化。 答案：①varieties　②varies?、踲arious　④a variety of?、輛arious ways?、辷aries from day to day 3．take off脫下；拿掉；起飛；離開；取消 (教材原句P34)Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn. 取掉靠近燒傷面的其他衣物和首飾。 歸納拓展 take after追趕　take along帶去 take around帶領……四處…… take away拿走 take back帶回；歸還 take up占用；從事 take in欺騙；吸收 take on雇用；呈現(xiàn) take out帶出；除去 take over繼承；接管 [學法點撥] ①take off表示“起飛”時，可用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來。 The plane takes off at 7：00. 飛機7點起飛。 ②take off表示“起飛”時，其反義詞為land；表示“脫掉，取下”時，反義詞組為put on。同學們記憶單詞、短語時要多采用聯(lián)想記憶法，多想想它們的同義詞、反義詞、形似詞等，然后加以比較，這樣記憶才深刻。 (1)However hot it is，he will not take off his coat. 無論多熱，他都不會脫掉外套。 (2)The plane took off an hour late. 飛機起飛晚了1小時。 (3)The show was taken off because of poor audience figures. 該劇因不賣座(觀眾數(shù)量可憐)而停演了。 即學即練 單句語法填空(每空1詞)。 ①When the delayed flight will take ________ depends much on the weather. ②I asked you not to put hot cups on the piano.Take them ________ at once，please! ③He took ________ the telephone receiver and began to dial. ④The old factory has taken ________ a new look since Chinas reform and opening up. 答案：①off　②off/away?、踰p　④on 4．in place在適當?shù)奈恢?；恰? (教材原句P35)Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用膠布把繃帶固定。 歸納拓展 out of place不合適；不在適當?shù)奈恢? in ones place代替某人 in place of代替 take the place of代替 take place發(fā)生 in the first place首先；起初；第一；本來 take ones place就位；就職；代替某人 Im afraid your proposal is not quite in place. 恐怕你的提議不太恰當。 即學即練 完成句子。 ①Her dress was out ________ place at the ceremony. 她的服裝不適合在典禮上穿。 ②We can use plastics ________ place of wood or metal. 我們可以用塑料來代替木材或金屬。 ③Ill take the place of my colleague on a temporary assignment.＝Ill ________________ on a temporary assignment. 我將代替我同事去執(zhí)行一項臨時任務。 ④I still dont understand why you chose that name _________． 我仍不明白你起初為什么取了那個名字。 答案：①of　②in?、踭ake my colleagues place?、躨n the first place 5．vital adj.至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的 (教材原句P35)If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. 如果屬于二度或三度燒傷，就必須立即把患者送去看醫(yī)生或送往醫(yī)院。 歸納拓展 vital adj.至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的 be vital to/for...對……是至關(guān)重要的 It is vital to do...做……很重要 It is vital that...……是十分重要的(從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略) (1)This matter is of vital importance to us. 這件事對我們來說至關(guān)重要。 (2)They have made some vital decisions about their future. 他們已對將來做出了一些重要決定。 (3)Consideration for other people is vital to all of us. 對我們所有人而言體諒他人是極其重要的。 [學法點撥] It is vital that...句式中，that從句需用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。類似的句式還有：It is necessary/natural/ important/ strange/essential that... 即學即練 完成句子。 ①Perseverance is vital ________ success. 毅力對于成功來說是至關(guān)重要的。 ②His support is vital ________ our project. 他的支持對我們的計劃是至關(guān)重要的。 ③________________ to the injured man. 對這位傷者實施急救是至關(guān)重要的。 ④______________________ the operation immediately. 我們應立刻開始手術(shù)，因為這生死攸關(guān)。 答案：①to?、趂or?、跧t was vital to give first aid?、躀ts vital that we(should)carry out 應用落實 Ⅰ.單句改錯 每句中有1處錯誤，找出并改正。 1．The boss squeezed the last drop of blood out the worker. _______________________________________________________ 2．John hasnt recovered yet since he fall ill last week. _______________________________________________________ 3．My headteacher has told me over and over again not to get addicted puter games. _______________________________________________________ 4．Youd better put things back in the place.Otherwise，it will be difficult to find things. _______________________________________________________ 5．The hall，which is often the case，bees very crowded. _______________________________________________________ 6．It is no doubt that China is playing a more and more important part in the world. _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.out后加of或out改為from　2.fall改為fell　3.addicted后加to　4.去掉the　5.which改為as　6.It改為There Ⅱ.單句語法填空 在每句空白處填上合適的內(nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 1．There are ________(various)of flowers shown in the park and ________(various)people go to have a look. 2．They ________(poison)the ________(poison)snake by using a special kind of powder. 3．The famous ________(electricity)engineer always repairs ________(electricity)machines for the factory. 4．My toothache is ________(bear)，so I must go to see the dentist. 5．He ________(honour)with an award for excellence in teaching. 6．He won a medal for his ________(brave)in the battle，which was admirable and unforgettable. 7．The nurse applied ________(press)to his arm to stop the bleeding. 8．Though ________(surround)，the soldiers didnt give up. 9．Having checked the doors were closed，and ________ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 10．It is in this office ________ they will have a meeting tomorrow. 答案：1.varieties　various　2.poisoned　poisonous　3.electrical　electric　4.unbearable　5.was honoured　6.bravery　7.pressure　8.surrounded　9.that　10.that Ⅲ.語篇語法填空 熟讀課文，然后在下文每個空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。 The skin is an essential part of your body and 1.______ largest organ.You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier 2.________ disease，poisons and the suns harmful rays.3.________ you can imagine，if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.First aid is 4.________ very important first step in the 5.________(treat) of burns. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it 6.________ (stick) to the burn.Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.It is best to place burns under gently 7.________ (run) water for about 10 minutes.For first degree burns，place cool，clean，wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.For second degree burns，keep cloths cool 8.________ putting them back in a basin of cold water，squeezing them out and placing them on the 9.________ (burn) area over and over again for about an hour 10.________the pain is not so bad. 答案：1.its　2.against　3.As　4.a　5.treatment　6.is stuck　7.running　8.by　9.burned　10.until 語法突破 觸類旁通 語法精講 省　略 [例句觀察] 觀察下列從Reading中選取的句子，體會句中省略的部分。 ①The skin is an essential part of your body and(it is)its largest organ. ②There are three types of burns.Burns are called first(degree burns)，second (degree burns) or third degree burns. ③Examples include mild sunburn and burns(which are) caused by touching a hot pan，stove or iron for a moment. ④These burns are serious and(these burns)take a few weeks to heal. ⑤Remove clothing using scissors if(it is)necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. ⑥If burns are on arms or legs，keep them higher than the heart，if(it is)possible. [自我總結(jié)]　在以上句中，為了避免重復，保持句子簡潔，括號部分都可________，這樣的句子叫________。 答案：省略　省略句 [歸納用法] 一、省略的定義 省略是一種避免重復、保持句子簡潔的語法現(xiàn)象。 凡是缺少一個或一個以上的必要語言成分，在一定語境中能夠獨立存在，意義明確，并且能發(fā)揮交際功能的句子就是省略句。 一般說來，只要不破壞語法結(jié)構(gòu)或者引起歧義，能省略的就應省略。省略不僅使句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得緊湊，而且也是分句和分句之間的承接紐帶。 二、省略的用法 1．并列句中的省略。 一般說來，在后一并列句中凡是與上文相同的成分通常都可省略。 ①My room is on the fifth floor，and hers(is)on the eighth(floor)． 我的房間在五樓，而她的在八樓。 ②I came at eight but Henry(came)at nine. 我8點來的，但亨利是在9點來的。 2．復合句中的省略。 (1)定語從句。 如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，這個關(guān)系代詞可以省略。 ①Here is the man(whom)youve been looking for. 這位就是你一直在找的人。 ②Hes the man(who/that)you can safely depend on. 他是你能放心信賴的人。 (2)狀語從句。 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且狀語從句中含有be動詞時，省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。 ①When(the novel is)published，the novel will bee one of the best sellers of the year. 那本小說出版的時候就會成為當年的暢銷書之一。 ②Although(he was) hard-working，he couldnt earn enough to support himself. 盡管努力工作，他的收入還是不夠自己糊口。 (3)賓語從句。 引導賓語從句的that一般情況下，可以省略。若that后面的賓語從句較長或在其他一些特殊情況下，that不能省略。 ①I hope(that)youll be fine soon. 我希望你盡快康復。 ②Now scientists warn that if not under control，the unseen energy waves，“electric smog”，may be hazardous to our health. 現(xiàn)在科學家警告說，有一種肉眼看不到的能量波，即“電子煙塵”，如果不加以控制，就可能危害人類的健康。 (4)主省略句。 有時整個主句都可省略，只剩下一個從句。這種省略現(xiàn)象通常出現(xiàn)在簡短答語中。 A：You all like the story? B：Yes，except that the conclusion is too hasty. A：你們都喜歡這個故事？ B：是的，只是結(jié)尾太倉促。 3．虛擬語氣中的省略。 (1)虛擬條件句常省略if，而將were，had，should提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 Had you e here yesterday，you would have met her. 如果你昨天來這兒的話，你就會見到她了。 (2)在一堅持(insist)，二命令(order，mand)，三建議(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(demand，require，request，ask)等后的賓語從句中，含這些詞的派生詞的其他主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that...從句中常省略should。 ①We insisted that they(should)go with us. 我們堅決要求