2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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Unit 3　The Million Pound Bank Note 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 Body and Food Our body, which has close relations with the food that we eat 1 our daily life, is the most important thing that we own, so our body 2 (need) proper treatment and proper nourishment (營(yíng)養(yǎng)). The old saying ＂An apple a day keeps the doctor away＂ is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit 3 vegetables, such as apples, pears, banana, carrots and cabbages, because they contain vitamin C, 4 is very necessary and important to us all. It’s clear that a lack of vitamin C can make people ill and weak easily. In order to get enough needed vitamins, many people take extra vitamins in pill form, 5 (believe) that these will make them 6 (health). But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins that we need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them? Nowadays many people are too busy to bother about eating properly. They throw anything into their 7 (stomach), eating something carelessly and 8 (hurried). The list of illnesses 9 (cause)or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening. It is high time we should realize the importance of having a good diet. If not, it is impossible for 10 (we) to keep fit and strong. 【文章大意】健康的飲食對(duì)我們的健康有很大的好處，所以我們一定要注意自己的飲食習(xí)慣。 1.in 【解析】考查介詞。in our daily life在我們的日常生活中。 2.needs 【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本處談常態(tài)的事情，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；結(jié)合主語(yǔ)our body應(yīng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。 3.and 【解析】考查并列連詞。我們的身體需要水果和蔬菜。and和，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。 4.which 5.beliening 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本處分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，believe與句子主語(yǔ)many people之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 6.healthy 【解析】考查形容詞。make them healthy使他們健康；形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。 7. stomachs 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。＂他們的胃＂，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8. hurriedly 【解析】考查副詞。本處與carelessly并列，修飾前面的動(dòng)詞eating。 9. caused 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 (cause)or made worse by bad eating habits作名詞illness的定語(yǔ)；由于cause與被修飾的名詞illnesses之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式。 10.us 【解析】＂對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)＂，介詞for后加人稱代詞的賓格形式。 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①scene n．(戲劇)一場(chǎng)；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；場(chǎng)面；景色 ②stare vi.凝視；盯著看 ③seek vt.&vi.探索；尋求 ④spot n．斑點(diǎn)；污點(diǎn)；地點(diǎn)vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出 ⑤account vt.&vi.認(rèn)為；說(shuō)明；總計(jì)有n.說(shuō)明；理由；計(jì)算；賬目 ⑥contrary n．反面；對(duì)立面adj.相反的；相違的 ⑦permit vt.&vi.許可；允許n.通行證；執(zhí)照 permission n．允許；準(zhǔn)許 ⑧patience n．耐性；忍耐 patient adj.有耐心的 2．?？荚~匯 ①manner n．禮貌；舉止；方式 ②author n．作家；著者 ③wander vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊 ④fault n．缺點(diǎn)；過(guò)錯(cuò)；故障 ⑤scream n．尖叫聲；喊叫聲_ vi.尖聲叫 ⑥novel n．小說(shuō)；長(zhǎng)篇故事 adj.新奇的；異常的 ⑦adventure n．奇遇；冒險(xiǎn) v．冒險(xiǎn)；adventurous adj.冒險(xiǎn)的 ⑧unbelievable adj.難以置信的 believable adj.可信的 believe v．相信；信任 belief n．信念；信仰 ⑨rude adj.粗魯?shù)?；無(wú)禮的 rudeness n．粗魯 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Taking (take) all the activities into account，I hope you can consider the invitation.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) 2．It was a scene (scene) that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75year history.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) 3．During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders (wander) about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.(2017天津卷) 4．Years ago，I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors (author)．(2016天津卷) 5．Your lives are busy enough doing homework，making friends，seeking (seek) after your dreams.(2016四川卷) 6．My husband loves adventurous (adventure) life while I enjoy a more peaceful life. 7．I must offer him an apology for my rudeness (rude) last night. 8．He is the most believable (believe) person，but on the other hand，how unbelievable (believe) it is that he should believe in the liar. ?“真正，確實(shí)”家族 ①indeed adv.真正地，確實(shí)，實(shí)在 ②real adj.真實(shí)的，現(xiàn)實(shí)的； really adv.真正地；確實(shí)地； reality n. 現(xiàn)實(shí)，真實(shí)的食物 ③true adj.真實(shí)的，真正的； truly adv.真正地，如實(shí)地 ④genuine adj.真的，真誠(chéng)的 ⑤sincere adj.(指感情或行為)真實(shí)的；誠(chéng)摯的； sincerely adv.真心實(shí)意地； sincerity n．真摯 ?“過(guò)失”與“沖突”相關(guān)詞一覽 ①fault n．過(guò)錯(cuò) ②argument n．爭(zhēng)吵；爭(zhēng)論 ③blame n．(對(duì)錯(cuò)誤或壞事應(yīng)負(fù)的)責(zé)任 ④conflict n．沖突 ⑤collision n．碰撞；沖突 ?聚焦“允許”與“禁止” ①allow vt.允許 ②permit v．&n.允許；許可證 ③permission n．允許；許可 ④admit v．允許進(jìn)入 ⑤admission n．準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入 ⑥forbid vt.禁止 ⑦prohibit vt.禁止 ⑧ban vt.&n.禁止；禁令 【完形填空】 My daughter(now 18)was born with a hemangioma tumor(血管瘤)by her eye.At first it was small, and hardly __1__.After five months，it became the __2__ of a coin.__3__ I took her out，people could not __4__ their ments to themselves.“Who hit her？”，“Is that a bug bite？” I never could think of a(n) __5__ response for these people.I was __6__ to be kind and understanding，and assumed that other people had also been taught these __7__.One day I was at the __8__，with my 3yearold son，my daughter，and at this time pregnant with my third child.A woman __9__ me，I thought here we go __10__. She said that God must not have wanted my daughter to __11__ him，as he left her with a __12__.She went on to say that __13__ with these kisses were always surrounded by angels.I was astonished.What a __14__，more loving approach to someone with a problem! My daughter will __15__ this year from High School.She is beautiful.Her early years were spent in and out of __16__.Finally the tumor was removed，because it __17__ her vision.It is not noticeable __18__ in the bright sun.She spent this year as the dance scholar for our school.She danced for 4 years on our dancedrill team.She had __19__ many scholarships.Her life is wonderful.The woman in the mall made me a better parent.Perhaps，this __20__ will help make someone else a better parent，too. 1．A.noticeable　　　　B．bearable C．recognized D．a(chǎn)ccepted 2．A.colour B．weight C．size D．width 3．A.One day B．Every time C．Later D．Recently 4．A.make B．help C．tell D．hold 5．A.exact B．a(chǎn)ppropriate C．rude D．practical 6．A.learned B．brought C．considered D．taught 7．A.qualities B．principles C．questions D．opinions 8．A.party B．office C．mall D．meeting 9．A.approached B．saw C．a(chǎn)ppreciated D．called 10．A.now B．later C．a(chǎn)gain D．quickly 11．A.understand B．leave C．hate D．remember 12．A.scar B．kiss C．mark D．sign 13．A.mothers B．gods C．faces D．babies 14．A.stranger B．cleverer C．kinder D．happier 15．A.develop B．succeed C．graduate D．improve 16．A.hospitals B．schools C．illness D．sight 17．A.blocked B．stopped C．injured D．deepened 18．A.despite B．except C．a(chǎn)lthough D．because 19．A.given B．proved C．left D．received 20．A.lesson B．story C．a(chǎn)dventure D．tumor 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。一個(gè)陌生人的暖心話語(yǔ)使作者在女兒的問(wèn)題上成為了更好的家長(zhǎng)，她希望這個(gè)故事能夠使其他的父母也成為更好的家長(zhǎng)。 1．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“At first it was small”可知，此處應(yīng)指血管瘤剛開(kāi)始很小，幾乎不能被注意到。A項(xiàng)意為“明顯的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“可忍受的”；C項(xiàng)意為“公認(rèn)的，經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證的”；D項(xiàng)意為“可接受的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 2．C　考查名詞辨析。上文提到，剛開(kāi)始，血管瘤很小，幾乎不能被注意到；由“After five months”可知，此處與上文形成對(duì)比，指五個(gè)月后，血管瘤長(zhǎng)到硬幣那樣大。C項(xiàng)意為“大小，尺寸”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“顏色”；B項(xiàng)意為“重量”；D項(xiàng)意為“寬度”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 3．B　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指每次“我”帶她出去玩的時(shí)候；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，every time意為“每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，符合題意，而其他三項(xiàng)無(wú)此用法。故選B項(xiàng)。 4．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指人們看到“我”的女兒總是無(wú)法停下他們的評(píng)論。D項(xiàng)意為“停下”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。 5．B　考查形容詞辨析。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“我”從沒(méi)想出一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)給這些人。B項(xiàng)意為“適當(dāng)?shù)摹保险Z(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“精確的”；C項(xiàng)意為“粗魯?shù)摹?；D項(xiàng)意為“實(shí)用的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 6．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“assumed that other people had also been taught these”中的“taught”可知，“我”被教導(dǎo)要善良，要體諒別人，所以“我”認(rèn)為其他人也被這樣教導(dǎo)。故選D項(xiàng)。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“kind and understanding”可知，此處指他們也被教導(dǎo)這樣的品質(zhì)。A項(xiàng)意為“品質(zhì)”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“原則”；C項(xiàng)意為“問(wèn)題”；D項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 8．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“The woman in the mall made me a better parent.”中的“mall”可知，此處指一天懷孕的“我”帶著女兒和3歲的兒子在商場(chǎng)買東西。故選C項(xiàng)。 9．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，此處指有一個(gè)女人向“我”走來(lái)。A項(xiàng)意為“靠近”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“看見(jiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“欣賞，感激”；D項(xiàng)意為“給……打電話”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文人們看見(jiàn)“我”的女兒就會(huì)進(jìn)行評(píng)論可知，此處指“我”想在這里“我們”會(huì)再次遭遇同樣的經(jīng)歷。故選C項(xiàng)。 11．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處指那個(gè)女人說(shuō)，上帝一定是不想讓“我”的女兒離開(kāi)他。B項(xiàng)意為“離開(kāi)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“理解”；C項(xiàng)意為“憎恨”；D項(xiàng)意為“記得”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 12．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“with these kisses were always surrounded by angels”可知，此處指上帝在“我”女兒的臉上留下了一個(gè)吻。B項(xiàng)意為“吻”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“疤痕”；C項(xiàng)意為“標(biāo)記”；D項(xiàng)意為“跡象”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 13．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指有這樣吻痕的孩子會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)被天使圍繞著。故選D項(xiàng)。 14．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“more loving”可知，此處指這與那些總是進(jìn)行評(píng)論的人相比是更友善、更有愛(ài)意的方式。C項(xiàng)意為“更友善的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“更奇怪的”；B項(xiàng)意為“更聰明的”；D項(xiàng)意為“更快樂(lè)的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 15．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“from High School”可知，此處指“我”的女兒今年會(huì)高中畢業(yè)。C項(xiàng)意為“畢業(yè)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)展”；B項(xiàng)意為“成功”；D項(xiàng)意為“改善”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 16．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者的女兒患有血管瘤；由此可推知，為了看病，女兒早些年一定是進(jìn)進(jìn)出出于醫(yī)院。故選A項(xiàng)。 17．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“Finally the tumor was removed”可知，最后，血管瘤被摘除了，因?yàn)樗璧K了她的視力。A項(xiàng)意為“阻礙”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“停止”；C項(xiàng)意為“傷害”；D項(xiàng)意為“加深”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 18．B　考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指現(xiàn)在，如果不是在明亮的陽(yáng)光下，她那小小的傷疤一點(diǎn)也不明顯。B項(xiàng)意為“除了”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“不管”；C項(xiàng)意為“盡管”；D項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 19．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“many scholarships”可知，此處指女兒得到了許多獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。D項(xiàng)意為“收到，拿到”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“給”；B項(xiàng)意為“證明”；C項(xiàng)意為“離開(kāi)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選D項(xiàng)。 20．B　考查名詞辨析?？v觀全文可知，本文作者敘述的是一個(gè)關(guān)于自己和女兒的故事。故此處表示，那個(gè)在商場(chǎng)里遇到的女人讓“我”成為一個(gè)稱職的家長(zhǎng)。或許，這個(gè)故事也能夠使其他人成為更好的家長(zhǎng)。B項(xiàng)意為“故事”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“課，教訓(xùn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷”；D項(xiàng)意為“腫瘤”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 長(zhǎng)難句分析：She said that God must not have wanted my daughter to leave him, as he left her with a kiss.(第二段第一句) 分析：本句是復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作said的賓語(yǔ)；must not have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)，意為“一定不……”；as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：她說(shuō)上帝一定是舍不得讓我的女兒離開(kāi)他，因?yàn)樗艚o了她一個(gè)吻。 詞匯積累：tumor n．瘤　pregnant adj.懷孕的 vision n．視力，視線　scholarship n．獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 二．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞/副詞 ①bring up 撫養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)；教育；提出 ②go ahead前進(jìn)；(用于祈使句)可以；往下說(shuō) ③stare _at盯著看；凝視 ④account for 是……的原因；解釋 2．介詞＋名詞 ①by _accident偶然；無(wú)意中；不小心 ②on the contrary與此相反；正相反 ③in _rags衣衫襤褸 3．其他形式 ①make a bet 打賭 ②take_ a chance冒險(xiǎn) ③as_ for關(guān)于；至于 ④find fault with 吹毛求疵；找毛病 用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account_for the increase.(2017江蘇卷) 2．As_for the working environment，Tanis prefers working by herself.(2016北京卷) 3．But it was quite by_accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.(2013天津卷) 4．It doesn’t seem ugly to me；on_the_contrary,_I think it’s rather beautiful. 5．I know it’s dangerous to go there without a map，but I’ll take_a_chance. ?“動(dòng)詞＋at”短語(yǔ)薈萃 ①glare at 怒目而視 ②stare at 注視著 ③glance at 朝……看了一眼 ④laugh at 嘲笑 ⑤arrive at 到達(dá) ⑥work at 努力于 ?“take a(n)＋n. ”一覽 ①take a chance 冒險(xiǎn)一試 ②take a break 休息一下 ③take a seat 就坐 ④take a shower 沐浴，洗澡 ⑤take an exam 參加考試 ⑥take an example 舉例，示范 ?“v.＋for”高頻短語(yǔ)聚焦 ①account for 解釋；占(比例) ②apply for 申請(qǐng) ③call for 要求；需要 ④care for 喜歡 ⑤answer for 負(fù)責(zé) ⑥arrange for 安排 ⑦leave for 出發(fā)去 ⑧hope for 希望；期望 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.Well，towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. 嗯，傍晚時(shí)分我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一陣大風(fēng)刮到海上去了。 “find＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 然而，為英語(yǔ)演講比賽做準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)收集信息和正確使用語(yǔ)言非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性。 However ，when preparing for the English speech contest，I found_it_very_challenging_to_collect_information and use language correctly. 2.The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上，我正感到絕望的時(shí)候，一艘船發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。 had just done...when...“剛做完……，這時(shí)……”。 他剛跑進(jìn)教室，這時(shí)老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。 He had_just_rushed_into the classroom when the teacher came in. 3.And it was the ship that brought you to England. 正是那艘船把你送到了英國(guó)。 It was...that 是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 不可否認(rèn)是老師的鼓勵(lì)和幫助讓我穩(wěn)步前進(jìn)。 There is no denying that it_was_my_teacher’s_encouragement_and_help_that resulted in my steady progress. 4.Indeed，sir，I hope you’ll e here whenever you like. 真的，先生，我希望您隨時(shí)光臨。 whenever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 現(xiàn)在它還掛在我臥室的墻上。每當(dāng)我看到它，都禁不住想起我的朋友。 Now，it is still hanging on the wall of my bedroom.Whenever_I_look_at_it，I couldn’t help thinking of my friend. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.68% of the students surveying have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight too.And a larger percentage lacks sleep. 52% are short of physical exercise.42% of the students wont obey our parents or teachers.Personally，I think we student should balance our physical exercise and studies.Without sound body，one cant achieve anything.However，too much attention has been paid only on studies.As a result，I suggest we are given less homework or more time for outofclassroom activities.Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life. 【答案】　 It is shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.68% of the students have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight .And a larger percentage sleep. 52% are short of physical exercise.42% of the students wont obey parents or teachers.Personally，I think we should balance our physical exercise and studies.Without sound body，one cant achieve anything.However，too much attention has been paid only studies.As a result，I suggest we given less homework more time for outofclassroom activities.Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life. 第一處：clear→clearly?？疾楦痹~。此處修飾過(guò)去分詞shown，要用副詞clearly“清晰地”。 第二處：surveying→surveyed?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have，故students后應(yīng)是分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，survey與所修飾的students構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。 第三處：去掉too。考查行文邏輯。句中已經(jīng)有as well as表示“也”了，故句尾的too是多余的。 第四處：lacks→lack?？疾橹髦^一致。percentage作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞或指代的名詞一致。此處指學(xué)生，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 第五處：our→their?？疾榇~。42%的學(xué)生不聽(tīng)他們父母和老師的話。主語(yǔ)是42%of the students，是第三人稱，故此處形容詞性物主代詞用their。 第六處：student→students?？疾槊~單復(fù)數(shù)。we后面的名詞是其同位語(yǔ)，所以用student的復(fù)數(shù)形式與we一致。 第七處：Without后加a。考查冠詞。body是可數(shù)名詞，且此處泛指一個(gè)好的身體，故加冠詞a。 第八處：on→to?？疾榻樵~。pay attention to“注意……”是固定搭配，此處用的是該短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)形式。 第九處：are→be。虛擬語(yǔ)氣。suggest在此處表示“建議”，因此后跟的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)用“should＋do”形式，且should可以省略。故此處應(yīng)把a(bǔ)re改為be。 第十處：or→and?？疾檫B詞。我建議我們應(yīng)該少布置點(diǎn)作業(yè)，多些時(shí)間進(jìn)行課外活動(dòng)。本句是肯定句，此處不表示選擇意義，而指的是并列的兩個(gè)名詞，表示“及”，應(yīng)用and。