外研版八年級上冊英語文全冊.doc

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. Module?1?How?to?learn?English? Unit?1?Let’s?try?to?speak?English?as?much?as?possible.? Ms?James:?Welcome?back,?everyone!?Today,?we’re?going?to?talk?about?good?ways?to?learn?English.?Ready??Who?has?some?advice? ?Lingling:?We?should?always?speak?English?in?class.? Ms?James:?Good!?Let’s?try?to?speak?English?as?much?as?possible. ?Daming:?Why?not?write?down?the?mistakes?in?our?notebooks?? Ms?James:?That’s?a?good?idea.?And?don’t?forget?to?write?down?the?correct?answers?next?to?the?mistakes.?What?else??? Lingling:?It’s?a?good?idea?to?spell?and?pronounce?new?words?aloud?every?day.? Ms?James:?Thanks?a?lot,?Lingling.?How?about?listening?to?the?radio?? Lingling:?Yes,?that’s?good?for?our?pronunciation?too.?But?there?are?so?many?new?word.?Ms?James:?You?don’t?need?to?understand?every?word.?You?just?need?to?listen?for?key?words?and?main?ideas.? Daming:?That’s?the?same?for?reading.?English?stories?are?so?interesting.?I?get?to?know?a?lot?about?the?world?through?reading.? Lingling:?I?think?writing?is?also?important.?Why?don’t?we?try?to?find?some?English?pen?friends??We?can?write?to?them.?Ms?James:?Excellent!?I?agree?with?you. Unit?2???You?should?smile?at?her!? Send?your?questions?to?Diana,?the?Language?Doctor.? ????Many?students?ask?for?advice?about?how?to?improve?their?English.?Here?are?three?basic?questions.? ????The?first?question?is?about?understanding?English?films?and?songs.?Li?Hao?from?Hubei?wrote,?“I?like?watching?English?films?and?listening?to?English?songs,?but?I?can?only?understand?a?little.?What?can?I?do?”? ????Watching?films?and?listening?to?songs?are?great?way?to?learn?English!?Watch?and?listen?several?times,?and?guess?the?meaning?of?the?new?words.?Each?time?you?will?learn?something?new.?I?also?advise?you?to?talk?about?the?films?or?songs?with?your?friends.? ????The?second?question?is?about?speaking.?Wang?Fan?from?Jilin?wrote,?“Our?school?has?a?teacher?from?the?US.?I?am?shy?and?I?am?afraid?to?speak?to?her.?What?should?I?do?”? You?can?say,?“Hello!?How?are?you?”?“Do?you?like?China?”?These?are?good?ways?to?start?a?conversation.?And?before?you?begin,?you?should?smile?at?her!?Remember?this:?Do?not?be?shy.?Just?try.? The?third?question?is?about?vocabulary.?Zhang?Lei?from?Anhui?wrote,?“I?write?down?new?words,?but?I?forget?them?quickly.?How?can?I?remember?them?”? Do?not?worry.?It?is?natural?to?forget?new?words!?I?suggest?you?write?four?or?five?words?a?day?on?pieces?of?paper?and?place?them?in?your?room.?Read?the?words?when?you?see?them,?and?try?to?use?them.? Module?2???My?home?town?and?my?country? Unit?1???It’s?taller?than?many?other?buildings.? Tony:?Hey,?Daming!?How?was?your?weekend?? Daming:?Pretty?good!?I?went?to?Shenzhen.??? Tony:?Where’s?Shenzhen?? Daming:?Well,?it’s?on?the?coast?near?Hong?Kong.?It?was?a?small?village?about?thirty?years?ago,?but?today?it’s?a?very?big?city.? Tony:?So?it’s?a?newer?city?than?Hong?Kong?? Daming:?Yes,?it’s?a?newer?city.?In?fact,?it?only?became?important?in?the?1980s.It’s?getting?bigger?and?busier.?Some?day?it?will?become?as?busy?as?Hong?Kong,?I’m?sure.? Tony:?What’s?the?population?of?Shenzhen?? Daming:?It’s?over?ten?million,?I?think.?That’s?larger?than?the?population?of?many?other?cities?in?China.?Its?streets?are?much?wider?and?cleaner?too.?I?think?it’s?a?beautiful?city.? Tony:?I’d?like?to?go?to?there?one?day.? Daming:?Remember?to?visit?the?Diwang?Tower.?It’s?taller?than?many?other?buildings?in?Shenzhen. Unit?2??Cambridge?is?a?beautiful?city?in?the?east?of?England. Cambridge,?London?and?England By?Tony?Smith? I?come?from?Cambridge,?a?beautiful?city?in?the?east?of?England.?It?is?on?the?River?Cam?and?has?a?population?of?about?120,000.?My?home?is?especially?famous?for?its?university.?Many?famous?people?studied?here,?such?as?Isaac?Newton?and?Charles?Darwin.?There?are?lots?of?old?buildings?and?churches?to?visit.?Students?and?tourists?enjoy?trips?along?the?river?by?boat.? Cambridge?is?80?kilometres?from?London.?London?is?in?the?south?of?England?and?it?is?on?the?River?Thames.?It?has?a?population?of?about?seven?and?a?half?million,?so?it?is?bigger?and?busier?than?Cambridge.?It?is?about?2,000?years?old,?and?it?is?famous?for?Big?Ben,?Buckingham?Palace?and?Tower?Bridge.? England?itself?is?a?part?of?an?island,?and?you?are?always?near?the?sea.?The?small?villages?and?beaches?on?the?coast?are?popular?for?holidays.?Tourists?like?the?areas?of?low?and?beautiful?lakes?in?the?north,?and?the?hills?and?pretty?villages?in?the?south.?Everywhere?in?England?you?will?notice?how?green?the?countryside?is.? It?is?never?very?hot?in?summer?or?very?cold?in?winter.?So?come?and?see?England?any?time?of?the?year,?but?bring?an?umbrella?with?you.?You?will?need?it?most?days.? Module?3????Sports?? Unit?1?Nothing?is?more?exciting?than?playing?tennis.? Daming:?Hey,?Tony.?Come?and?watch?the?football?match?on?TV.? Tony:?OK.?What’s?the?score?? Daming:?Spain?scored?a?minute?ago. ?Tony:?Wow!?That’s?fast!? Daming:?That’s?right.?Last?week?the?match?on?TV?was?so?boring?because?no?one?scored?at?all.?So?this?week’s?match?is?already?more?exciting.? Betty:?What’s?the?matter?with?you,?Tony??You?look?tired.? Tony:?I’m?really?tired?after?last?night’s?tennis?match.?And?I?hurt?my?knee.? Daming:?That’s?too?bad!?Sit?down?and?watch?the?match.?It’s?safer?than?playing?tennis.? Betty:?Yes,?watching?is?not?sure?about?that.?Nothing?is?more?relaxing?too!? Tony:?Well,?I’m?not?sure?about?that.?Nothing?is?more?enjoyable?than?playing?tennis. ?Betty:?But?you?enjoyed?watching?the?Olympics?on?TV,?right?? Tony:?Yes,?but?that’s?because?it?was?cheaper?than?buying?tickets?for?all?the?games.? Daming:?And?staying?at?home?was?easier?than?going?to?the?stadium.?Oh,?look?at?that!? Tony:?Oh,?he?missed!?Oh,?bad?luck!? Daming:?Never?mind.?There’s?still?plenty?of?time?for?them?to?score. Unit2??This?year?we?practice?more?carefully. Training?hard By?Li?Daming? It?is?Saturday?tomorrow,?but?I?am?going?to?school.?I?am?not?going?for?lessons,?but?to?play?football.?I?am?in?our?school?team?and?we?are?going?to?play?against?another?school?next?week.?The?practice?starts?at?10?am.?We?all?arrive?as?early?as?we?can?so?that?we?have?time?to?warm?up.?We?are?training?harder?than?usual?because?the?other?team?beat?us?last?year.?This?year?we?want?to?do?better.? It?is?more?difficult?to?practise?in?winter?because?the?days?are?short?and?the?weather?is?cold?too.?It?gets?dark?earlier,?so?it?is?important?not?to?be?late?for?after-school?practice.? Our?coach?is?pleased?because?we?are?playing?better?as?a?team?now.?Last?year?we?were?sometimes?careless?when?we?passed?the?ball?and?we?lost?to?the?other?team?in?the?final?match.?What?a?pity!?This?year?we?practise?more?carefully.?That?means?we?have?a?better?chance?of?winning.? The?fan?club?has?fewer?people?this?year.?We?hope?to?play?well?so?that?we?have?more?fans?to?watch?the?matches.?It?is?good?to?have?our?fans?around.?They?cheer?us?on?loudly?and?we?feel?more?confident?to?win?the?game.? Module?4????Planes,?ships,?and?trains? Unit1???He?lives?the?farthest?from?school? Betty:?I?was?late?for?school?today. ?Mum:?Why??What?happened?? Betty:?I?took?the?bus.?There?was?a?road?accident,?and?the?traffic?was?very?heavy.?But?nobody?was?late,?except?me.?Maybe?I?should?go?to?school?by?taxi.? Mum:?It’s?the?most?comfortable?way,?but?it’s?also?the?most?expensive.? Betty:?Then?what?about?going?by?bike?? Mum:?That’s?a?good?choice,?but?it’s?a?bit?dangerous.?There’s?so?much?traffic.? Betty:?But?most?of?my?classmates?ride?bikes,?and?it’s?quite?safe.?Don’t?worry.?I’ll?be?carefull.? Mum:?How?does?Tony?go?to?school?? Betty:?He?lives?the?farthest?from?school,?so?he?takes?the?underground.? Mum:?And?what?about?Lingling?? Betty:?Her?home?is?the?closest?to?school,?so?she?walks. Mum:?How?about?Daming?? Betty:?He?goes?by?bus?too,?the?same?as?me.?But?it’s?so?crowded!?And?the?traffic?is?heavy.? Mum:?All?right.?You?can?ride?your?bike?to?school,?but?remember?to?be?careful?all?the?time.? Unit2??What?is?the?best?way?to?travel? Question:?What?is?the?best?way?to?travel?from?London?to?Amsterdam.?? I?am?planning?to?travel?from?London?to?Amsterdam.?How?long?does?the?journey?take?and?what?is?the?best?way?to?travel??Could?you?please?tell?me?about?the?trains?or?ships?to?get?there??The?more?information,?the?better.?Thanks!?? Best?answer:?There?are?four?ways?to?travel.? ??? A?journey?by?train?is?more?relaxing?than?by?coach,?but?a?lot?more?expensive.?When?you?go?by?train,?buy?your?ticket?a?long?time?before?you?travel.?It?is?usually?cheaper.???? You?can?go?by?car?and?by?ship?across?the?North?Sea.?This?is?the?most?comfortable?way?to?travel?but?also?the?most?expensive.?Book?your?ticket?before?you?book?your?hotel.?Remember?that?parking?in?Amsterdam?is?very?expensive,?so?stay?outside?the?city?centre?and?travel?in?by?bus?or?by?train.? ??? The?third?choice?is?by?coach.?This?is?usually?the?cheapest,?but?in?summer?the?coaches?sometimes?get?crowded!?And?it?takes?you?about?twelve?hours?to?get?there.?However,?it?will?not?cost?as?much?as?going?by?train.? ?? ?Finally,?you?can?fly.?It?is?the?fastest?and?the?second?cheapest,?but?you?may?have?to?wait?for?hours?at?the?airport?because?of?bad?weather.??? ?Well,?I?hope?this?helps!?Have?a?great?trip. Module?5??????????Lao?She?Teahouse? Unit?1????I?wanted?to?see?the?Beijing?Opera.? ?Listen?and?read? Betty:??Lingling?and?I?went?to?Lao?She?Teahouse?last?night.? Tony:??How?was?it?? Betty:??It?was?great!?You?know,?I?wanted?to?see?Beijing?Opera,?so?Lingling?offered?to?take?me?there.?We?drank?tea?and?watched?an?opera.? Tony:??Did?you?understand?the?opera?? Betty:??No,?it?was?difficult?to?understand?the?words.?But?the?actors?and?actress?were?excellent.? Tony:??How?long?did?you?stay?? Betty:??We?only?planned?to?watch?for?an?hour,?but?in?the?end,?we?stayed?for?three?hours.? Tony:??Did?you?enjoyed?it?? Betty:??Well,?it?was?interesting---that’s?the?main?thing.?I?hope?to?understand?more?next?time.? Tony:??Do?you?often?go?to?see?Beijing?Opera,?Lingling?? Lingling:?No,?I?don’t.?I?wanted?to?take?Betty?to?the?teahouse?because?it’s?famous.? Tony:??Who?is?Lao?She??Betty:??No?idea.?Ask?Lingling.? Lingling:?Lao?She?is?a?great?writer.?He’s?especially?famous?for?his?play?Teahouse.??? Unit?2?????????It?describes?the?changes?in?Chinese?society.? 2?Read?the?passage?and?match?the?heading?with?the?paragraphs.? a)?Lao?She?Teahouse? b)The?Story?of?Teahouse? c)Lao?She? 1?????? Teahouse?is?one?of?Lao?She’s?most?famous?plays.?He?wrote?it?in?1957.?The?play?has?three?acts?and?shows?the?lives?of?common?people?in?China?from?the?end?of?the?nineteenth?century?to?the?middle?of?twentieth?century.?It?tells?us?the?story?of?Wang?Lifa?and?the?customers?of?his?teahouse?in?Beijing.?It?describes?the?changes?in?Chinese?society?over?fifty?years?around?the?beginning?of?the?twentieth?century.? 2?????? Lao?She?was?born?in?Beijing?in?1899.?His?mother?sent?him?to?a?teacher’s?school?in?1913.?After?finishing?school?in?1918,?he?became?a?head?teacher?of?a?primary?school.?In?1924?Lao?She?left?home?and?went?to?England.?He?taught?Chinese?at?a?college?in?London?and?returned?to?China?five?years?later.?He?wrote?many?plays,?novels?and?short?stories?about?people’s?lives,?and?was?named?“the?People’s?Artist”.?Lao?She?is?one?of?the?greatest?Chinese?writers?of?the?twentieth?century.? 3?????? At?Lao?She?Teahouse?today,?customers?can?drink?tea?and?eat?delicious?Beijing?food.?If?you?like?the?Beijing?Opera,?traditional?music?or?magic?shows,?you?can?enjoy?them?at?the?teahouse.?Lao?She?Teahouse?gives?a?warm?welcome?to?everyone?from?all?over?the?world.? Module?6????????Animals?in?danger? Unit?1?????It?allows?people?to?get?closer?to?them.? ?Listen?and?read? (Lingling?and?Betty?are?leaving?the?zoo) ?Lingling:?Did?you?like?the?zoo?? Betty:??Yes!?I?saw?the?pandas?at?last!?But?I?am?more?interested?to?see?the?pandas?in?the?Wolong?Panda?Reserve,?because?it?allows?people?to?get?closer?to?them.? Lingling:?It’s?sad?to?think?of?the?pandas?and?other?animals?in?danger. ?Betty:??We?need?to?protect?them?better.? Lingling:?Yes,?Many?wild?animals?don’t?have?a?safe?place?to?live,?because?villages?and?farms?are?growing?bigger?and?are?taking?away?their?land?and?forests.? Betty:??Also,?often?there?isn’t?enough?clean?water,?because?we’ve?made?it?dirty.?I?think?we?all?need?to?help?animals?live?in?peace.?Look,?there’s?a?notice.? Lingling:?It?says,“Help!?We?want?to?save?animals?in?danger,?and?we?need?your?help.”? Betty:??But?what?can?we?do?? Lingling:?It?says,“Your?money?pays?to?look?after?the?animals.”That?means?we?can?give?money?to?help?protect?the?animals.? Betty:??Maybe?we?can?raise?some?money?at?school.?Let’s?find?out?what?else?we?can?do?to?save?as?many?animals?as?possible.???? Unit?2????????The?WWF?is?working?hard?to?save?them?all.? 2?Read?the?passage?and?match?the?heading?with?the?paragraphs. a) Nature?parks?for?pandas ?b)?WWF?And?animals?in?danger? c)?The?panda’s?home? d)?An?animal?in?danger? 1?????? Pandas?are?in?danger.?There?are?only?about?1,600?pandas?living?in?the?wild?today.?Zoos?and?research?centres?are?looking?after?about?340?pandas.?Pandas?do?not?have?many?babies,?and?baby?pandas?often?die.?The?situation?is?getting?very?difficult.?Scientist?are?doing?a?lot?of?research?to?help?pandas?produce?more?babies?and?help?baby?pandas?live.? 2?????? Pandas?live?in?the?forests?and?mountains?of?Southwest?China.?Each?panda?needs?to?eat?a?lot?of?bamboo?every?day.?The?bamboo?forests?are?getting?smaller,?so?pandas?are?losing?their?home.?And?there?are?not?many?pandas?left.? 3?????? In?order?to?protect?pandas?in?the?wild,?the?government?is?setting?up?nature?parks?and?developing?other?plans.?The?nature?parks?will?be?big?and?there?will?be?more?bamboo?to?feed?the?pandas.?Pandas?born?in?zoos?may?go?back?to?live?in?the?nature?parks.? 4?????? The?World?Wild?Fund?for?Nature?(WWF)?wants?to?protect?all?animals.?And?it?chose?the?panda?to?be?its?symbol.?We?do?not?want?to?lose?tigers,?elephants,?or?any?other?animals,?so?the?WWF?is?working?hard?to?save?them?all. Module7?A?famous?story? Unit1?Alice?was?sitting?with?her?sister?by?the?river.? Tony:?Hi,Lingling!? Lingling:?Ssh!??I’m?reading.? Tony:?Sorry!?What’s?the?book?about?? Lingling:?It’s?about?a?girl?called?Alice.?One?day,?Alice?was?sitting?with?her?sister?by????????the?river?and?she?saw?a?white?rabbit?with?a?watch.??It?ran?past.? Tony:?Why?was?it?running??Lingling:?Because?it?was?late.?Tony:?And?where?was?it?going?? Lingling:?To?see?the?Queen?of?Hearts.?Alice?followed?it?and?fell?down?a?hole?in?the??????ground.? Tony:?Yes!?Then?she?saw?the?Cheshire?Cat.?It?was?sitting?in?a?tree?and?smiling?at?everyone.?? ?Lingling:?Then?Alice?arrived?at?the?March?Hare’s?house.?He?was?sitting?with?the?Mad?Hatter?and?a?mouse.?They?were?having?a?tea?party?in?the?garden.? Tony:?And?then?Alice?met?the?Queen?of?Hearts.?She?was?playing?a?strange?game! ?Lingling:?Do?you?already?know?the?book?? Tony:?Yes,?It’s?Alice’s?Adventures?in?Wonderland.?Everyone?in?Britain?knows?the?story.? ?Lingling:?Then?why?did?you?ask?me?all?those?questions? ?Tony:?To?see?if?you?remember?the?story!?Ha?ha….??????????????? ??? U2?She?was?thinking?about?her?cat. Alice?was?sitting?with?her?sister?by?the?river?and?her?sister?was?reading?a?book.?Alice?had?nothing?to?do.?Once?or?twice?she?looked?into?her?sister’a?book.?“And?what?is?a?book?for,”?thought?Alice,”without?pictures?or?conversations?”?Suddenly?a?white?rabbit?with?pink?eyes?ran?by. ???There?was?nothing?strange?about?that.?She?heard?the?rabbit?say,?“Oh?dear!?Oh?dear!?I’ll?be?late!”?and?she?did?not?think?it?was?strange.?Then?the?rabbit?took?a?watch?out?of?its?pocket?and?looked?at?it.?A?rabbit?with?a?pocket?and?a?watch.?Alice?got?up?and?ran?across?the?field?after?it.?She?saw?it?go?down?a?large?rabbit?hole?in?the?ground.? ?Then?Alice?went?down?after?it,?but?never?thought?about?how?she?was?going?to?get?out?again.?She?found?that?she?was?falling?down?a?very,?very?deep?hole.?It?was?too?dark?for?her?to?see?anything.?She?was?falling?for?a?long?time.?While?she?was?falling,?she?was?thinking?about?her?cat,?Dinah.?Suddenly?she?landed?on?some?dry?leaves… Module?8 Unit1 while the lights were changing to red ,a car suddenly appeared Betty:?Good?morning,?Ms?James!?You?look?pale.?Are?you?all?right? ?Ms?James:?Im?OK,?but?I?saw?an?accident.?A?boy?was?riding?his?bike?and?listening?to?music?on?the?road.? ?Daming:?That’s?very?dangerous!?? Ms?James:?I?was?waiting?to?cross?the?road.?While?the?lights?were?changing?to?red,?a?car?suddenly?appeared?round?the?corner.?It?wasn’t?going?fast,?but?it?didn’t?stop.? Lingling:?Did?the?boy?stop?? Ms?James:?No.?And?the?driver?was?talking?on?his?mobile?phone.? ?Betty:?So?did?the?car?hit?the?boy??? Ms?James:?No,?I’m?glad?to?say.?The?car?stopped?just?in?time,?but?the?boy?fell?off?his?bike?and?hurt?his?knee.? Tony:?That’s?too?bad.?? ??Ms?James:?So?when?youre?on?your?bike,?think?about?the?risk?of?an?accident!?Pay?attention,?stop?at?the?red?lights?and…..what?else??? Betty:?Don’t?ride?too?fast?? Daming?:?Don’t?ride?side?by?side?with?your?friends.? ?All:?Don’t?listen?to?music! Unite 2 One?day,?when?Henry?was?working?in?a?restaurant,??a?snake?suddenly?appeared?and?bit?his?hand.???A?few?days?earlier,?the?snake?arrived?from?Asia?in?a?box?of?bananas.?It?climbed?out?and?hid?somewhere.? ???? ?“I?was?trying?to?pick?it?up?when?it?bit?me?again.?I?threw?it?across?the?kitchen,?and?it?landed?on?a?table.’’?? ?? ???While?the?snake?was?lying?on?the?table,?Henry?quickly?picked?up?his?mobile?phone?and?took?a?photo?with?it.?Then?the?snake?hid?behind?the?fridge??When?Henry?was?trying?to?find?the?snake，?his?hand?began?to?hurt?badly.?He?hurried?to?hospital.?As?the?doctors?were?checking?him,?the?pain?got?worse?.? But?they?could?not?help?him?because?they?did?not?know?what?kind?of?snake?bit?him.? ??As?he?was?lying?there?in?great?pain,?Henry?suddenly?remembered?the?photo.?The?doctors?sent?the?photo?to?a?zoo.???As?soon?as?they?learnt?what?kind?of?snake?bit?him,?they?gave?Henry?the?right?medicine?and?he?left?hospital?the?next?day.?? “So?if?a?snake?bites?you,?take?out?your?mobile?phone?or?camera.?Take?its?photo,?and?show?the?photo?to?the?doctors?‘’,?suggests?Henry.?? “But?as?you?know,?the?snake?won’t?smile!” Module?9 Population Unit1 the population of China is about 1.37 billion ? Betty:?What?are?you?doing?? Tony:?I’m?preparing?some?notes?for?a?report?called?“Our?growing?population.”? Lingling:?Well,?were?in?the?right?place?to?talk?about?that!?Beijing?is?a?huge?city?with?a?big?population?that?causes?a?lot?of?problems,?such?as?too?much?traffic?and?noise.? Betty:?Its?not?only?Beijing.?Population?increase?is?a?big?problem?in?many?countries.?Do?you?know?how?many?babies?are?born?every?minute?in?the?world? ?Tony:?No.?Can?you?tell?me?? ?Betty:?Over?250!?That?makes?over?131.4?million?births?a?year ?Lingling:?I?can’t?believe?it!? Betty:?The?population?of?China?is?about?1.37?billion.?Thats?almost?one?fifth?of?the?world’s?population,?that?is,?about?7?billion.? Tony:?Hang?on?a?minute!?I’ll?write?that?down?too!? Betty:?But?in?the?future,?Chinas?population?wont?grow?so?fast,?because?families?are?getting?smaller. ?Lingling:?How?do?you?know?all?this? ?Betty:?I?wrote?my?report?yesterday!? ?Tony:?Great,?thanks!?Now?I?can?write?my?report!??????????? Unit 2 Jo?is?fifteen?and?lives?in?Parkville.? ??When?Jo’s?grandparents?first?came?to?Parkville,?it?was?a?quiet?village.??They?had?a?small?house.?Close?to?fields?md?hills.??Parkville?was?near?Arnwick,?a?city?with?200,000?people.??People?from?Parkville?moved?to?Armwick?to?find?jobs.???And?they?needed?places?to?live. However,?it?was?expensive?to?live?in?the?city?centre,?so?the?government?built?flats?outside?the?centre.???Soon,?Parkville?became?part?of?Arnwick.And?Arnwick?became?a?city?with?over?a?million?people.?Jo’s?family?lives?in?one?of?those?flats.?It?is?very?crowded,?and?rubbish?is?also?a?problem.? The?small?local?schoo