高考英語二輪復習 核心考點總動員 專題47 短文改錯（三）（含解析）

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專題 47 短文改錯（三） 關鍵詞：語法,詞法,句法,邏輯,語境 難度系數：???? 推薦指數：????? 【基礎回顧】 考點歸納： 高考短文改錯考點層次一般而言可依次分為詞法的測試、句法的測試和語篇的測試三個層面。考點層次越高，就越能測試出考生運用語言的能力。低層次的考點往往側重于語法方面的考查，而高層次的考點往往側重于考生對文章意義方面的理解。 基礎必讀： 語篇改錯 語篇的測試包括：上下文的時態(tài)是否一致；上下文中的代詞指代是否一致；上下文中的邏輯關系是否一致。 【2015新課標全國I】When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 【2015新課標全國I】We must found ways to protect your environment. 【解析】your—our句意：我們必須找到方法來保護我們的地球。代詞用法錯誤。這里應當是保護我們的環(huán)境。 【技能方法】 解題方法技巧 首先，通讀全文，了解文章體裁、主旨大意，把握全篇的時態(tài)、人稱和行文邏輯。不同體裁的語篇具有不同的篇章結構和交際功能，主要體現在語言風格和組句成篇的模式上。從語篇的模式上可以讀懂作者的思維模式，從而獲得對短文更好的理解和宏觀的把握。在通讀全文的過程中，先將容易的或明顯的錯誤改好，從而為分行、分句的分析起到降低難度的作用。 其次，逐句審讀、理解、分析，先易后難。有時孤立地讀一個句子時很難發(fā)現它的錯誤，一旦將上下文聯系起來，問題就會變得明了。從組成句子結構的各方面逐句審查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、主謂一致等方面是否有誤。 句子結構 解題思路 名詞、代詞 檢查是否有數、格或指代不一致的錯誤 并列主語，從句、不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語動詞、時間、金錢等作主語及together with等引導的成分修飾主語 檢查謂語動詞是否與主語保持一致 固定短語、詞組 檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯誤 平行結構 檢查是否有詞性和連接兩個對等的詞和對等的結構并列連詞錯誤 有比較結構 檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的級，程度副詞，比較的對象以及冠詞方面的錯誤 有轉折、因果、對比等結構 檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯誤 多重結構句 檢查是否有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、引導詞或成分短缺錯誤 有特殊動詞結構 檢查是否有非謂語動詞或虛擬語氣方面的錯誤 非謂語動詞作狀語、表語或定語 檢查是否非謂語動詞和邏輯主語不一致 最后，關鍵的一點就是要再次細讀全文，按句法要求、詞類規(guī)則，檢查所改的答案能否使全文語氣流暢，行文邏輯發(fā)展是否合乎情理，所做的標記是否符合命題要求。 【基礎達標】 A little kid fell into a lake while she was playing with her little friends. They were too frightening to know what to do next. Unfortunately, a pretty lady and a man passed by and saw the drowning girl. The man immediate dived into the water and took the girl to the bank and at a same time, the lady called the ambulance on time. Before the ambulance came, the lady, who proved to be a nurse, performing first aid to the kid. A few of minutes later, the kid sent to the nearest hospital and finally saved. The story is a good example where first aid can make a lot of differences. From it, we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better preparing for an emergency. 【解析】 試題分析：一個小孩不慎落水，幸好路人幫忙小孩獲救。故事告訴我們掌握必要急救知識的重要性。 1.frightening →frightened.考查形容詞。frightening 令人恐懼的，修飾物；frightened害怕的，受驚的，修飾人。此處修飾孩子們用frightened，故frightening →frightened. 2.Unfortunately →Fortunately.考查副詞。一名小孩不慎落水，其他孩子不知怎么辦。恰好兩個成年人經過，應該是“幸運地”，故Unfortunately →Fortunately. 3.immediate →immediately.考查副詞。此處修飾動詞dived用副詞，指馬上下水救人，故immediate →immediately. 4.a →the.考查冠詞。at the same time“同時”是固定短語，故a →the. 5. on →in.考查介詞短語。on time按時，in time及時。此處指及時叫救護車，故on →in. 6.performing →performed.考查動詞形式。句中主語是the lady，缺少謂語動詞，performing不能做謂語，根據全文時態(tài)用動詞過去式performed做謂語，故performing →performed. 7.去掉of.考查介詞。此處表示“幾分鐘”用a few 直接修飾minutes，故去掉of. 【能力提升】 Life is always full of something that you can not expect. Bob is very sorry to have missed the first two lesson this morning. He got up early as usually in the morning, but when he was ready to leave he find his bicycle’s front tyre (輪胎) flat. He wanted to take taxi to school, and he didn’t have any money on him. He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repairing. Unluckily, there were not any bicycle repair shops was open in the early morning. So he had to walk to school, carrying his bicycle all the way. That was the reason how he was late for school. He told Mr. White not to worry with his lessons, for he would make up for it and turn to his teachers for help if necessary. 【解析】 試題分析：生活充滿了不可預測的事情。 1.missed the first two lesson 中l(wèi)esson改為lessons 根據two可知用名詞復數，故把missed the first two lesson 中l(wèi)esson改為lessons。 2.he got up as usually 中usually改為usual 固定詞組：as usual像平常一樣，故把he got up as usually 中usually改為usual。 3.find改為found 4.take taxi 之間加a 固定搭配：take a taxi乘出租車，故在take taxi 之間加a。 5.and he didn’t have any money中 and改為but 句意：他想乘出租車去上學，但是他沒有很多錢。故把and he didn’t have any money中 and改為but。 【終極闖關】 【2016全國新課標I】短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。 文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 【答案】 1. that →where 2. but去掉 3. had →have 4. honest→ honesty 5. or→ and 6. using →used 7. becoming前加of 8. the →a 9. our→ his 10. stead→steadily 【解析】 試題分析： 1. that →where 考查賓語從句的引導詞。介詞后面的賓語從句缺少狀語，根據句意判斷此處表示地點。故把that改為where。 2. 去掉but 考查連詞。Though不和but連用，故去掉but。 【歸納總結】在英語中though、although、while或者as等引導的讓步狀語從句不和but連用；連詞because不和so連用；此外，return不和back連用。 3. had →have 考查動詞時態(tài)。 文章是介紹現在的情況，應該用一般現在時。 4. honest→ honesty 考查名詞。此處是指誠實是他成功的秘訣，用名詞形式。 而形容詞honest意思是“誠實的”，是指人的性格特點。 5. or→ and 考查連詞。根據句意判斷此處是表示并列關系，故把or改為and。 6. using →used 考查被動語態(tài)。根據句意可知此處表示被動含義，be used for“被用來去做”。 考點：考查短文改錯