2019高考英語一輪復習練習題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 一、閱讀理解 A new “smart bin” could mean the end of environment-conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling. The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate. It is being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in UK within a few years. The bin, designed by start-up pany Bin.E, recognizes different type of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recognition and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it presses the waste so it occupies less space. It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it is introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins. Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “We’ve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are being more and more focused on sustainability. In response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter season-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home." Bin. E’s official release on the market will take place in 2018. However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available. The office bin will sell at 430 while customers will need to pay a 107 subscription fee for an acpanying smartphone app, which hooks them up with collection services. A spokesman at Bin. E said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment. They added: “After the office version, we plan to create an outdoor version and later the home version. We decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than in our homes.” 1.What do we know about about a new “smart bin” from the first paragraph? A. It works automatically. B. It has been used widely. C. It is easy to operate. D. It is very expensive. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The waste. B. The camera. C. The bin. D. The sensor. 3.Why is John Lewis introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins? A. To change people’s behaviour, B. To satisfy increasing demands. C. To popularize new technology. D. To make them more famous. 4.Where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to Bin. E’s official? A. At home. B. In the supermarket. C. In the open air. D. In the office. 【文章大意】本文介紹了一款可以智能分類垃圾的“智能垃圾箱”。并對它的設計，市場應用進行了介紹。 2.C 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上段The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate這項發(fā)明可以幫助垃圾分類，可知it指代the smart bin，故選C。 4.D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available.最初只有一個為辦公室設計的更大膽版本才可以使用。可知最初是在辦公室使用，故選D。 二、教材與語法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。 When the writer called 1.___________ her mother in the countryside on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed 2.___________ (make) their home near their house. The writer considered it a chance for her 3.___________ (distinguish) herself by inventing something that would catch 4.___________ (snake) but not harm them. She set about 5.___________ (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be 6.___________ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. As 7.___________ result, she had to attempt a 8.___________ (three) time, 9.___________ helped her fulfill her aim successfully. She was so delighted that she was 10.___________ (determine) to send her invention to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea. 答案：1.up　2.to have made　3.to distinguish　4.snakes 5．researching　6.easily　7.a　8.third　9.which　10.determined 三、完形填空 One day when I was 13，my family was working in the fields to clear away old brush when somehow the electric fence sparked(冒火花)and __1__ a fire.We didnt see the fire __2__ it had blocked the way to the only gate.I __3__ to jump over the fence to safety but the fire was all around us.I could only watch in __4__ as the flames continued to rise.Little did I know that my father had once been a(n)__5__ and knew what to do. __6__ with only a pump sprayer，buckets, and his boots，he __7__ down to the nearby pond，filled the buckets and the sprayer，and began spraying the __8__ while my older brother threw water with the buckets.Soon the wind __9__，however，and with the Fire Department too far away to arrive in time，my father began to stamp(踩滅) out the flames as he moved to the __10__，so that my family was able to move inch by inch toward the gate.__11__ he arrived at the gate，he jumped into the truck，rolled up the windows，and drove __12__ the fire.Then the fire was put out，and my mother was looking at my father with her __13__ eyes. After that，my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter，and my brother and I became __14__，asking him what other jobs he had done before he __15__.Well，it turned out that he had done just about __16__ except brain surgery! He had been in the military as a carpenter，carpet layer，and an electrician，and had built B2 bombers before being poisoned in an accident that had __17__ him to retire.My father has a blood disorder as a result of that __18__，but that hasnt stopped him from being a fulltime electrician. To all those people whose fathers have worked in the military and in other dangerous jobs, be __19__ of them，and remember that some day their __20__ might save your life. 1．A.prevented B．permitted C．witnessed D．started 2．A.because B．unless C．after D．until 3．A.wanted B．managed C．promised D．happened 4．A.anger B．horror C．excitement D．embarrassment 5．A.carpenter B．electrician C．firefighter D．educator 6．A.Armed B．Satisfied C．Shared D．Identified 7．A.slid B．fell C．dashed D．walked 8．A.trees B．grass C．flames D．flowers 9．A.died off B．took on C．turned out D．picked up 10．A.fence B．truck C．furniture D．bucket 11．A.If B．Once C．Since D．While 12．A.through B．along C．over D．across 13．A.high B．wide C．fast D．far 14．A.curious B．suspicious C．concerned D．anxious 15．A.moved B．resigned C．retired D．suffered 16．A.everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 17．A.allowed B．encouraged C．invited D．forced 18．A.fire B．accident C．attempt D．explanation 19．A.afraid B．proud C．careful D．ashamed 20．A.culture B．learning C．skills D．languages 【解題導語】本文作者通過講述火災中父親撲滅大火的故事，告訴我們曾經在部隊和做過其他危險工作的父親將來某一天可能會用他們的技能拯救我們的生命，我們應為他們感到驕傲。 【核心詞匯】as a result of由于，因為(其后跟賓語) be proud of為……感到驕傲 1．D　根據(jù)該句中的“the electric fence sparked(冒火花)and __1__ a fire”可知，此處表示一場火災開始了。D項意為“開始，使開始發(fā)生”，符合語境。prevent“阻止”；permit“允許”；witness“目擊”。 2．D　直到大火堵住了通往唯一的門的路，我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)大火。此處考查“not...until...”結構。 3．A　根據(jù)語境可知，“我”想(wanted)跳過籬笆，到達安全地帶，可是大火包圍了我們。manage“設法做成”；promise“許諾”；happen“發(fā)生”。 4．B　由上文可知，大火包圍了我們，“我”只能驚恐地看著火焰繼續(xù)上升。in horror“驚恐地”；in anger“生氣地”；in excitement“興奮地”；in embarrassment“尷尬地”。 5．C　根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter”可知，父親曾經是一名消防員。carpenter“木匠，木工”；electrician“電工”；educator“教育工作者”。 6．A　本題考查be armed with的省略結構作狀語，意為“用……裝備或武裝”，故選A項。satisfied“滿意的，滿足的”；shared“共有的”；identified“可辨認的”。 7．C　根據(jù)語境可知，父親應該是沖(dashed)向最近的池塘。slide“滑行”。 8．C　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指開始用水噴向火焰(flames)。 9．D　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示然而很快，風又變強了。pick up“變大，變強”，符合語境。die off“相繼死去，先后死去”；take on“呈現(xiàn)，開始具有(某種特征、面貌等)”；turn out“結果是，證明是”。 10．B　根據(jù)下文中的“he jumped into the truck”可知，父親走向卡車。 11．B　考查連詞。A項意為“如果”，引導條件狀語從句；B項意為“一……就……，一旦”，引導時間狀語從句；C項“自……以來，因為，既然”；D項“當……時候，盡管”。由上下文可知，此處指父親一到達大門，就跳進了卡車里。故選B項。 12．A　根據(jù)語境可知，父親開著卡車從火中穿過。through“通過，穿過”，表示運動發(fā)生在某物的空間內；along“沿著”；over“在……上面”；across“從一邊到另一邊，橫過”，表示動作發(fā)生在物體的表面。 13．B　根據(jù)語境可知，父親開著卡車從火中穿過，火最終被撲滅了，所以母親睜大(wide)眼睛看著父親。 14．A　根據(jù)下文中的“asking him what other jobs he had done”可知，我們是很好奇的(curious)。suspicious“懷疑的，猜疑的”；concerned“(與某事)有關的，有牽連的”； anxious“焦慮的，不安的，擔心的”。 15．C　根據(jù)語境可知，我們問父親在退休(retired)之前還做過其他什么工作。下文中的“to retire”也是提示。 16．A　根據(jù)第三段對父親退休前工作的描述可知，父親做過很多事情，所以此處指除了做腦外科手術之外，父親幾乎什么都做過。everything except“除了……之外什么都……”符合語境。 17．D　由上下文可知，那場事故迫使(forced)父親退休。 18．B　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指那場事故(accident)。attempt“嘗試”； explanation“解釋”。 19．B　be proud of “為……感到驕傲”符合語境。ashamed“(因自己所做的事而)羞恥的，內疚的，慚愧的”。 20．C　根據(jù)上文可知，此處指他們的技能(skills)有朝一日可能拯救你的生命。 四、教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學知識完成下列句子。 1．大衛(wèi)是一個謹慎而成功的商人，他的一項新產品獲得了專利。(cautious; patent; product) _______________________________________________ 答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. 2．這項產品很暢銷，但是后來他發(fā)現(xiàn)這款產品沒有達到標準。(criteria) _______________________________________________ 答案：This product sold well, but later he found his product didn’t live up to the criteria. 3．他沒有氣餒，而是抓住一切機會改善產品。(improve) _______________________________________________ 答案：He didn’t lose heart but seized every chance to improve it. 4．他希望自己的產品能經受得住市場的考驗。(expect) _______________________________________________ 答案：He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. 5．在自己的努力下，他獲得了巨大的成功，自己的收入穩(wěn)定增長。(stable) _______________________________________________ 答案：It was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his ine had a stable increase. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯誤，改正錯誤并背誦該文。 David, whom was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold good, but later he found his product didn’t live up to the criteria. However, he didn’t lose his heart but seized every chance to improve it.He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts which he achieved great success and his ine has a stable increase. 答案： David, was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold ， but later he found his product didn’t live up to the criteria. However, he didn’t lose heart but seized every chance to improve it.He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts he achieved great success and his ine a stable increase.