2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪達(dá)標(biāo) Unit 5 Nelson Mandel-a modern hero練題（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Nelson Mandel-a modern hero 一、閱讀理解。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted.We only treasure things when they are gone.This is a sad truth of human nature.One day，I found myself as a witness to a similar situation. One evening，I left work and boarded the train.After entering，I noticed something unusual.The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing.I didnt pay much attention and sat down on one of the empty seats.I sensed a funny smell.It wasnt long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me.He was bleeding from his nose.Why wasnt anyone helping him? His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell.Along with the smell，his eyes were dull，watery，and red.Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had mitted a crime.As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him.All the seats around him were empty. Suddenly，he began to swear at the people around him.A plainclothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man.The officer，not wanting to touch the homeless man，told him his rights and directed him to exit the train.As the officer walked the man out of the train，the homeless man turned around and said“MY HOME！”and started crying. A man doesnt value things until they are gone.If he didnt have a home，at least he had freedom.Now he has neither.No one wants to help someone who wont help himself. 1．When entering the car，how did the author feel at first? A．Annoyed. B．Puzzled. C．Sad. D．Calm. 2．How did people react to the homeless man? A．They caught him and called the police. B．They covered him with clean clothes. C．They disliked and avoided him. D．They stared at him curiously. 3．It can be learned that the policeman ________. A．was very rude to the man B．sent the man back to his hometown C．forced the man to leave the city D．went off the train with the man 4．What does the author think of the homeless man? A．He is a loser of life. B．He is worth our respect. C．He is very funny. D．He is a fearless fighter. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。乘坐火車(chē)時(shí)，“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)流浪漢，他衣衫襤褸，身上散發(fā)異味，乘客們避而遠(yuǎn)之。突然，他開(kāi)始咒罵他周?chē)某丝?。后?lái)流浪漢被便衣警察帶走，他不僅沒(méi)有家，這一次還失去了自由。 1．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段第三句“The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing”可知，車(chē)廂中部有一些空座位，而兩頭卻擠滿了站著的人；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”感到很困惑，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had mitted a crime”可知，流浪漢偶爾抓撓自己，人們看著他，好像他曾經(jīng)犯罪了一樣；根據(jù)第二段第三句“The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing”可知，車(chē)廂中部有一些空座位，而兩頭卻擠滿了站著的人；據(jù)此可以判斷，人們不喜歡他，避免和他接觸，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“As the officer walked the man out of the train”可知，警官最后帶著這個(gè)流浪漢走下了火車(chē)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 4．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段第二、第三句“If he didnt have a home，at least he had freedom.Now he has neither”可知，如果他沒(méi)有家，至少他還有自由，如今他兩個(gè)都沒(méi)有了。據(jù)此可以判斷，他是一個(gè)生活的失敗者，故A項(xiàng)正確。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Now their peace talks have reached a key stage ________ one side must give in to the other. 答案：where　當(dāng)先行詞是case, position, stage等抽象名詞，且在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句使用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 2．From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and ________ (devote)． 答案：devotion　由teamwork and可知，此處填名詞devotion “奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)”，作賓語(yǔ)。 3．When an animal is ________ attack it can run away or fight back. 答案：under　 under attack “受到攻擊”。 4．She started singing to the baby and ________ (reward) with a smile. 答案：was rewarded　reward sb. with a smile “對(duì)某人報(bào)以微笑”，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 5．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape ________ (fire) by his boss. 答案：being fired　escape being fired “免于被解雇”。 6．I have some trouble ________ (read) the letter, because his handwriting is very bad. 答案：(in) reading　have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難”。 7．In some places there are many laws against ________ (cruel) to animals but few to protect children. 答案：cruelty　空前against是介詞，因此本空填名詞cruelty “殘忍；殘酷”。 8．Your teacher can give you ________ (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application. 答案：guidance　give sb. guidance on ... “給某人關(guān)于……的指導(dǎo)或建議”，故此處填名詞guidance “指導(dǎo)”。 9．________ (educate) usually refers to teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college. 答案：Education　此處應(yīng)用名詞education “教育”作主語(yǔ)。 10．The young man was sentenced to ________ (die) for killing a middle school student. 答案：death　be sentenced to death “被判死刑”。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 (2018太原市高三年級(jí)模擬試題) I was a shy kid.Nothing seemed harder than talking to people.I didnt even like to answer the phone for fear that Id have to talk to somebody I didnt know. __1__ ，at school I had to spend all day in the pany of others.My __2__ was studying.It was something I could do __3__ and by myself.I spent a lot of time studying and was __4__ with good grades. Eventually I went to college.I came to realize that some people were rather fun to __5__ with.Yet my childhood __6__ carried over and I found myself tonguetied and __7__ whenever I found myself in a conversation. One day while on campus，I __8__ an advertisement for a position on the local classical music __9__ station.I had grown up listening to classical music，and I loved it. In order to get the job，applicants needed to be interviewed.I had absolutely no background in radio，and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me.I didnt really want the job.I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) __11__. Two weeks __12__ ，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job. It was a __13__ job，but I grew to enjoy it.I announced music to thousands of __14__ in the city，sometimes answering their calls and __15__ to their requests.I began to feel fortable talking to these people，these strangers who I couldnt even __16__. Although I now spend much time talking with people，Im still basically a __17__ person.My former shyness is a gift，as I can __18__ people who feel disfort when they talk to strangers.I still enjoy moments of being __19__.But Im also glad I decided to make a __20__ in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed. 1．A.However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides 2．A.advice B．practice C．task D．escape 3．A.obviously B．simply C．quietly D．poorly 4．A.filled B．rewarded C．decorated D．faced 5．A.help out B．catch up C．put up D．hang out 6．A.happiness B．shyness C．kindness D．goodness 7．A.excited B．a(chǎn)stonished C．embarrassed D．interested 8．A.noticed B．posted C．realized D．believed 9．A.fire B．gas C．TV D．radio 10．A.terrified B．pleased C．satisfied D．a(chǎn)mazed 11．A.child B．singer C．interviewer D．a(chǎn)pplicant 12．A.ago B．later C．before D．since 13．A.wellpaid B．puzzling C．fortable D．challenging 14．A.listeners B．followers C．viewers D．dancers 15．A.referring B．responding C．offering D．paring 16．A.feel B．move C．hear D．see 17．A.busy B．warm C．quiet D．smart 18．A.look into B．relate to C．bine with D．worry with 19．A.alone B．a(chǎn)live C．a(chǎn)ctive D．a(chǎn)wake 20．A.plan B．mistake C．change D．dream 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】該文主要講述了害羞的作者通過(guò)應(yīng)聘電臺(tái)工作而實(shí)現(xiàn)自我突破的故事。 1．A　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。然而，作者在學(xué)校里不得不和同學(xué)們相處。 2．D　根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，害羞的作者在學(xué)校用學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)逃避與人交流。 3．C　與語(yǔ)境“by myself”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者一個(gè)人安安靜靜地做功課。 4．B　與語(yǔ)境“with good grades”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者在學(xué)習(xí)上的付出得到了豐厚的回報(bào)，成績(jī)突出。 5．D　由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最終意識(shí)到了和朋友相處是有趣的。hang out“常去某處”。 6．B　根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid”并結(jié)合“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，作者童年時(shí)代的害羞個(gè)性還存在。 7．C　根據(jù)“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，和他人交流時(shí)溝通不順暢是令人尷尬的。 8．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者在校園里注意到了一則讓他感興趣的廣告。 9．D　根據(jù)下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，這是一則電臺(tái)的招募廣告。 10．A　根據(jù)“I had absolutely no background in radio”并結(jié)合下文的“I didnt really want the job”可推知，作者因自己沒(méi)有廣播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，與下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼應(yīng)。 11．C　作者害怕與成千上萬(wàn)的聽(tīng)眾交流，只想證明自己能夠和面試官交談。 12．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，時(shí)間已經(jīng)過(guò)去了兩周。 13．D　根據(jù)上文可知，這項(xiàng)工作需要與成千上萬(wàn)的聽(tīng)眾交流，這對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性，且與語(yǔ)境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼應(yīng)。 14．A　與上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me”呼應(yīng)可推知，此處表示作者給聽(tīng)眾播放音樂(lè)。 15．B　與語(yǔ)境“answering their calls”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者回應(yīng)聽(tīng)眾的要求。 16．D　根據(jù)上文可知，作者應(yīng)聘的是電臺(tái)工作，和聽(tīng)眾們基本上是不見(jiàn)面的。 17．C　根據(jù)“still”的提示并結(jié)合上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，作者盡管現(xiàn)在花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間和人們交流，但是本質(zhì)上還是一個(gè)不多說(shuō)話的人，與下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼應(yīng)。 18．B　結(jié)合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能夠理解那些和他相同的人。relate to“理解，認(rèn)同”。 19．A　根據(jù)上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍舊喜歡獨(dú)處。 20．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者通過(guò)做電臺(tái)工作有了重大改變，從而人生有了更多的可能性。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．I hope, first of all, that we shall never lose our heart in face of failure. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉our　lose heart “失去信心”，為固定搭配。 2．She is very weak and not equal to make a long journey. ________________________________________________________ 答案：make→making　be equal to “勝任……”，其中to是介詞。 3．Thousands of people turned to watch yesterdays match against Ireland. ________________________________________________________ 答案：turned后加up　turn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。 4．The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big pany. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉when　The first time在此處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 5．Only when we had studied the data again we realize that there was a mistake. ________________________________________________________ 答案：we前加did　“only＋狀語(yǔ)從句”放句首，句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 五、短文改錯(cuò) （2018高考選練） When talking about sport, I always feel very exciting, because I like sport so much. I love playing tennis, but it is my favorite sport. One day that I came home after school, I turned on TV and watch a tennis match. At first, I was attracted by the two beautiful tennis player. When I watched the match for ten minutes I found it wonderful. From now on, I started to watch tennis matches. I have learned to play the tennis, and I often invite my friends play with me. My love to tennis are more than I could express. I am so luckily to have some friends who share the same interest with me. 答案: 1. 【解析】第一句exciting→excited?？疾樾稳菰~。我感到興奮用excited。 2. 【解析】第二句but→and?？疾檫B詞。此處表示順承關(guān)系。 3. 【解析】第三句that→when/after?？疾闀r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 4. 【解析】第三句watch→watched?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。整篇文章都是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此處和turned on并列。 5. 【解析】第四句player→players。從前面的two可知用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 6. 【解析】第六句now→then。因?yàn)榍拔亩际窃跀⑹鲞^(guò)去的事, 所以不是從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始, 而是從那時(shí)開(kāi)始。 7. 【解析】第七句去掉tennis前的the。play tennis球類(lèi)詞前不用加定冠詞the。 8. 【解析】第七句friends后加to。考查固定搭配。invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事。所以可知這里缺少了to。 9. 【解析】第八句are→is?？疾橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)。這里的主語(yǔ)是love, 它是不可數(shù)名詞, 不能用are, 故改成is。 10. 【解析】第九句luckily→lucky?？疾樾稳菰~。這里需要一個(gè)形容詞lucky表示我多么幸運(yùn), 不能用副詞。