2019高考英語一輪選練編題 Unit 5 The power of nature（含解析）新人教版選修6.doc

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Unit 5 考點規(guī)范練(選修6　Unit 5) 【短文語法填空】 Just as I began a new job in New York,I had another important job: father.I was a businessman.At the office I had three new 1.　　　　　　(project) and at home I had a young son who was growing fast and 2.　　　　　　(need)me.I was puzzled and didn’t know how to deal with the relationship between job and family until one day,during my business trip in Chicago,I came 3. an old family friend Dan,4. was once a patient of my father.He told me something about my father.5.　　　　　　 was my father that helped him go through the cancer.When Dan knew he got cancer,he was very upset and wanted 6.　　　　　　　　　(give) up,but my father,his doctor,encouraged him to go on 7.(fight) against the cancer.My father said to him,“You have 8.　　　　　　 wonderful life and three fine children.Take some time with them.It is family that we live for—not just ourselves.Think of that 9.　　　　　　 you will know life is worth the fight.” His words touched me,and I 10.　　　　　　(sudden) realized that family is the most important in the world.I should spend more time staying with them. 【語篇導讀】本文為一篇記敘文。“我”在處理家庭與事業(yè)之間關系時遇到了困惑,直到有一天遇見了父親曾經的病人丹,他用父親曾經鼓勵過他的話,教育了“我”,使“我”深受啟發(fā)。 1.projects　考查名詞的數。three后跟可數名詞的復數形式,故填project的復數形式projects。 2.needed　考查動詞的時態(tài)。文章的整體時態(tài)為過去時,且主句中用的是一般過去時,故填needed。 3.across　考查介詞。e across為固定搭配,意為“偶遇”,故此處應填across。 4.who　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知,空處引導非限制性定語從句,在從句中做主語,修飾先行詞Dan,指人,故填who。 5.It　考查強調句。分析句子結構可知,本句是一個強調句,故應填It。 6.to give　考查非謂語動詞。want sb.to do sth.為固定搭配,意為“想要某人做某事”,故填to give。 7.fighting　考查非謂語動詞。根據句意可知,此處表示“繼續(xù)與癌癥作斗爭”,故用go on doing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”,應填fighting。 8.a　考查冠詞。a wonderful life“一個美好的生活”,此處表示泛指,故應用不定冠詞;又因wonderful的讀音以輔音音素開頭,故用a。 9.and　考查連詞。此處為“祈使句+and+陳述句”,故用連詞and。 10.suddenly　考查副詞。副詞做狀語修飾動詞realized,故填suddenly。 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2016合肥第一次質檢) A Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet,and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330,000 pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since mercial whaling ended in 1965. The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores,suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts. Before mercial whaling began in the early 1900s,blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the 1960s,whaling severely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the North Pacific,making sightings in this area rare.However,much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s. The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in the North Pacific waters.But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population. To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and pared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the west coast of the United States and Southern Pacific.Up to now,the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns,but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions. 1.According to the passage,blue whales are 　　　. A.following a fixed route of migration B.dying out due to mercial whaling C.moving from the south to the north D.rarely found in the Southern Pacific 2.The whale population in the North Pacific 　　　. A.is different from the California population B.is probably part of the California population C.has bee the largest group since the 1970s D.has lived there since the 1960s 3.The underlined word “cetaceans” in Paragraph 5 probably means 　　　. A.land creatures B.whale species C.ocean conditions D.migration patterns 4.What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers? A.mercial whaling. B.Weather conditions. C.Life reproduction. D.Food resources. B (2016山西考前質檢) Some fish seem to be capable of adapting rapidly to climate change.In fact,they might even boom in the warmer oceans of the future,growing bigger and healthier than they can at present-day temperatures.Evidence gathered over the past decades has suggested that climate change will force fish to migrate to cooler waters,or else face extinction.Signs of such migration have already been seen.But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations. Earlier this month,Philip Munday of James Cook University,and his colleagues showed that one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.Yet there are questions over the potential cost of such an adaptation.The fish’s ability to swim seems to be unchanged,but as Munday noted,“Maybe we’ll see trade-offs with growth rates.There are no free lunch in this world.” Donelson from Sydney raised several groups of maroon clownfish(小丑魚),which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.She kept one group at temperatures representing present-day conditions on the Great Barrier Reef,from where the parents of the fish were collected.In addition,she kept another group at 1.5℃ warmer and a third group at 3℃ warmer,representing the ocean temperature rise expected by the end of the century. After a year of growing,the fish adapted to the warmer temperatures,upping their aerobic metabolism(有氧代謝),which seemed to contribute to other benefits:those raised at temperatures 3℃ warmer grew 8 percent larger and 29 percent heavier than fish raised at lower temperatures. Donelson says that it is hard to make predictions about how different species will cope with climate change.“But at least it won’t be all negative news for all species,”she says. 5.The main idea of the first paragraph is that 　　　. A.some fish can adjust to warmer waters B.some fish can grow bigger at present-day temperatures C.some fish may die out in cooler waters D.big fish can survive the temperature change 6.One specific kind of fish adjusts to the changed surroundings by 　　　. A.switching their genes on and off B.growing quickly C.training their ability to swim D.living in a group 7.From Donelson’s experiment,we know 　　　. A.the clownfish she raised are from the Great Barrier Reef B.she raised the fish in two different temperature conditions C.after a year’s growing,the fish failed to adjust to warmer temperatures D.the fish raised in the warmest water grow largest and heaviest 8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Different species will deal with climate change in the same way. B.Climate change has a positive effect on all the species. C.Fish is not the only species that can meet the challenge of climate change. D.Species which can adapt to climate change would survive. There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other forts of life,one bees happy and the other bees unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things,persons,events and the resulting effects upon their minds. People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation,the well prepared dishes,the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore,they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks,they sour the pleasure of society,offend(hurt) many people,and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature,such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of criticizing(批評) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿).It grows into a habit,unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong,but it may be cured when those who have realized its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them,and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination,it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them,and no one treats them with more than the most mon politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune,nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections,no one will defend or excuse them,and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing,without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not,it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接觸) with them.Otherwise,it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient,especially when one bees mixed up in their quarrels. 1.People who are unhappy_____. A.always consider things differently from others B.usually are affected by the results of certain things C.usually misunderstand what others think or say D.always discover the unpleasant side of certain things 2.The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” means “_____ ”. A.have a good taste with social life B.make others unhappy C.tend to scold others openly D.enjoy the pleasure of life 3.In this passage,the writer mainly____. A.describes two types of people B.laughs at the unhappy people C.suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness D.tells people how to be happy in life 參考答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C 解析： 生活中有些人擁有相同的健康、財富和生活條件,但由于考慮事情、人物、事件的角度不同,一些人感到幸福,而另一些人則感到不幸福。由于這些不幸福的人處處冒犯別人,其結果只能是處于被孤立的境地。 1.D 推理判斷題。從第二段第三句話“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.”可以看出另一些人感到不幸福的原因。 2.B 詞義猜測題。從該短語后的“...offend (hurt) many people,and make themselves disagreeable everywhere”可以猜出 “sour the pleasure of society” 的正確含義。 3.C 主旨大意題。本文主要講的是那些感到不幸福的人處處冒犯別人,若長此以往,則只能處于被孤立的境地,所以他們應改變自己的習慣。 Ⅱ.七選五閱讀 (2016鄭州第一次質檢) Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments.Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology(心理學).Before beginning a study,however,any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method.　1　 ◆Form a hypothesis(假設).It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study.　2　 ing up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment. ◆Plan out a study.Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time,materials,and testing areas prepared beforehand.This step also helps the scientists to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research.The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research.　3　 Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data. ◆Collect data.　4　 If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost. ◆Analyze the data.Once all the data has been collected and organized,it must be analyzed.Using previous research or scientific information about the problem,the psychologist must apply the new data gathered. ◆Publish the information learned.The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study.　5　 Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals. A.It is based on scientific facts,not just opinions. B.Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology. C.Before psychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps. D.This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information. E.The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research. F.To fully understand the study,each part of the experiment must be recorded. G.Sometimes,however,this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used. Ⅲ.短文改錯 I stare from the window of my hotel room.A older gentleman was helping a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that evening.I watched as the same young girl continued to get up from the table and reach for her walker.She grasped it firmly with both hand,leaning heavy.She made her way out of the restaurant,smile.As I drank me coffee in the hall the next morning,I noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustn’t be what the walking lessons were all about. 【拓展】書面表達 習近平主席最近在一次講話中提到年輕人不要熬夜。某英語報以Dont Stay Up Late 為題向中學生征文。請你根據以下內容要求用英語寫一篇短文應征。內容包括：1. 熬夜的情況；2. 熬夜的負面影響；3. 你的看法。 注意：1.根據提示內容可適當展開，使行文連貫； 2．短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數； 3．文中不能出現考生的具體信息； 4．詞數：120左右。 Dont Stay Up Late Our_school_has_regular_rest_hours_for_students.________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考答案： Dont Stay Up Late Our_school_has_regular_rest_hours_for_students. However, we can often see many students do their lessons or other things after the bed time. They usually stay up until midnight. Teenagers need enough sleep daily. Staying up late may do harm to health. It can also make students late for class or sleepy in class. Thus, they miss something they should have learned. It is blameless to stay up once in a while if we do have to take up our rest time for some urgent deeds, but dont make it a habit. President Xi recently advised young people not to stay up late, which we should bear in mind. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. We really need to make a change to the unhealthy lifestyle so as to ensure our rest time. 考點規(guī)范練(選修6　Unit 5) Ⅰ.【解題導語】本文為說明文。文章主要講的是藍鯨的遷移以及有可能引起遷移的原因。 1.C　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句中的“...the whales may be following their food moving farther north...”可推出,藍鯨正從南向北移動。故選C項。 2.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.”可知,選B項。 3.B　詞義猜測題。根據第五段中的“To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean...”可知,為了辨認藍鯨,研究者看在北太平洋拍的有關cetaceans的照片,所以cetaceans應該指的是鯨類。故選B項。 4.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“...but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north...”可知,研究者懷疑藍鯨有可能跟隨著它們的食物向北移動。故選D項。 【解題導語】本文為說明文。文章向我們介紹了有些魚能夠適應氣候的改變。而且最近的研究表明,一些魚將來會適應更溫暖的水域,但魚類并不是唯一可以適應氣候變化的物種。 5.A　段落大意題。根據文章第一段的最后一句“But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.”可知,最近的研究表明一些魚將來會適應更溫暖的水域,故選A項。 6.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“...one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.”可知,這種魚通過改變基因來適應周圍環(huán)境的改變,故選A項。 7.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段第一句中的“...which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.”可知A項錯;根據第三段中的She kept one group和“...she kept another group...and a third group...”可知,她養(yǎng)了三組小丑魚,B項錯;根據第四段的內容可知,一年后,小丑魚適應了更溫暖的溫度,并且在溫度最高的水域里,小丑魚長得最大最重,故C項錯誤,D項正確。 8.C　推理判斷題。根據本段的大意可知,Donelson說很難預測不同的物種如何應對氣候變化,但對于所有的物種來說并不都是壞消息,由此可推知,魚類不是唯一可以適應氣候變化的物種,故選C項。 Ⅱ.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文,主要闡明了如何在心理學實驗中使用科學的方法。 1.B　根據空前的the scientific method可知,選B項,用來指明如何在心理學實驗中使用科學的方法。 2.A　根據本段第一句“Form a hypothesis.”以及空后的“ing up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.”可知,本段主要闡述了心理學實驗的第一步:形成一個假設,以科學事實而不僅僅是觀點為根據。故A項正確。 3.G　空前的to always perform experimental research與G項中的this相對應;空后的Descriptive research與G選項中的descriptive research相對應,用以闡明描述性研究的特點,故G項正確。 4.F　根據空后的“If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.”和record the proceedings可以判斷,空處闡述的是將數據記錄下來的重要性,故F項正確。 5.D　根據該段首句“Publish the information learned.”可知,該段主要闡述將實驗得出的結論公開出版,故選D項,這有助于其他心理學家學習和使用新的信息。 Ⅲ.　　I starestared from the window of my hotel room.AAn older gentleman was helping a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that evening.I watched as the same young girl continued to get up from the table and reachreached for her walker.She grasped it firmly with both handhands,leaning heavyheavily.She made her way out of the restaurant,smilesmiling.As I drank memy coffee in the hall the next morning,I noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustn’tmust be what the walking lessons were all about.