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黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計
摘 要
盤式制動器具有重量輕、磨損小、維修方便等優(yōu)點，在汽車新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域已被廣為關(guān)注。歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家和地區(qū)在商用車及掛車上已率先采用了盤式制動器。根據(jù)制動力的作用不同，盤式制動器分為雙活塞和單活塞兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式，由于單活塞盤式制動器具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、自重輕和高穩(wěn)定性等優(yōu)勢，因而更適于在各種重型卡車、客車及掛車上配置。威伯科公司研發(fā)的單活塞盤式制動器，已廣泛使用到MAN、VOLVO、IVECO等著名公司生產(chǎn)的重型車輛中，并主要在歐、美洲及亞太地區(qū)實現(xiàn)140多萬套的銷量。新型單活塞盤式制動器從傳統(tǒng)的雙活塞盤式制動器結(jié)構(gòu)中的脫穎而出，必將會成為汽車盤式制動領(lǐng)域的新寵。
汽車制動系統(tǒng)技術(shù)是由鼓式制動系統(tǒng)向盤式制動系統(tǒng)發(fā)展，主要原因是由于盤式制動器與鼓式制動器比較有以下優(yōu)點：1、熱穩(wěn)定性好；2、水穩(wěn)定行好；3、制動力矩與汽車運動方向無關(guān)；4、易于構(gòu)成雙回路制動系統(tǒng)有較高的可靠性和安全性；5、尺寸小，質(zhì)量小，靜熱良好；6、更換襯塊簡單容易；7、襯塊與制動盤之間的間隙?。?、易于實現(xiàn)間隙自動調(diào)整。
但是，目前在中高級轎車上前后輪都已經(jīng)采用盤式制動器。不過，時下我們開的大部分轎車（如夏利、富康、捷達(dá)等）。采用還不完全是盤式制動器，而是前盤后鼓式混合制動器，這主要是出于成本上的考慮，同時也是因為汽車在緊急制動時，車身前傾，因此對前輪制動的要求比較大。一般來說，前輪用盤式就夠用了，但是我們知道高速行駛的轎車，由于頻繁使用制動。制動器的摩擦將會產(chǎn)生大量的熱使制動器溫度急劇上升。這些熱如果不能很好散出，就會大大影響制動性能，出現(xiàn)所謂的制動效能衰退現(xiàn)象。制動器直接關(guān)乎生命，僅從這一點上，就應(yīng)該改進(jìn)正在使用前盤后鼓混合制動器的汽車。
關(guān)鍵詞：汽車主動安全；制動系統(tǒng)；盤式制動器；鼓式制動器；制動效能
ABSTRACT
Disc brake with a light weight, wear small, easy maintenance, etc. In the car in the field of new technologies has been widespread concern。Europe and the United States and other developed countries and regions in the commercial vehicle and the trailer has been at the forefront of disc brake。According to the braking force of a different role，Two-piston disc brake and is divided into two single-piston structure，As the single-piston disc brakes with a compact，Light weight and high stability, and other advantages，And therefore more suitable for a variety of heavy-duty trucks、Bus and trailer on the configuration。Wei Boke of research and development of single-piston disc brake，Has been widely used to MAN, VOLVO, IVECO, and other well-known companies in the production of heavy vehicles，And mainly in Europe, the Americas and the Asia-Pacific region to achieve more than 140 million units sold，New single-piston disc brake from the traditional two-piston disc brake in the structure stand out, the car is bound to become a new favorite in the field of disc brake.
Automotive braking systems technology by drum braking system to the development of disc braking system，The main reason is due to brake disc and drum brake has the following advantages compared with：1.、Thermal stability ；2 、water stability of the merciful ；3、brake torque direction of the movement has nothing to do with the car；4、constitutes a two-circuit braking system has high reliability and security；5、small size, the quality of small；6、blocks lining the replacement of simple and easy；7、disc brake lining block with the small gap between the；8、easy to achieve automatic gap adjustment.
But，At present, Qian Houlun in the high-class cars have been used on the disc brake. However, today we have opened most of the car (such as Xiali, Fukang, Jetta, etc.). Is not fully used disc brake. Is not fully used disc brakes, but brake Qianpanhougu mixed, largely because of cost considerations, At the same time, because the car is in the emergency brake, the car forward, the front-wheel brake on the requirements of companies in this sector. In general, front-wheel disc with enough spent ，But we know that a high-speed cars, due to the frequent use of braking. The brake friction will have a lot of heat so that the brake temperature rises rapidly. If they can not shed heat, it will greatly affect the braking performance Will greatly affect the braking performance，The braking performance of the so-called recession.Brake directly related to lifeFrom this point, it should improve Qianpanhougu are using hybrid car brakes.
Keyword：Disc Brake;Brake pads; Disc brakes；Drum brakes；Braking efficiency
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