高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解[打包10套]9.zip
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山西靈丘縣2017高考英語閱讀理解九月自測題（二）
【閱讀理解】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people，say skeptics，spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “eco-guilt”brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.
Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book ，The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world”as fine. Of course ，another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.
So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”
Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不可信的)”．
A critical (批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.
本文講述了懷疑論者不承認(rèn)人類活動對環(huán)境造成的危脅，認(rèn)為地球狀況是良好的，這迎合了一些追求利益的商業(yè)公司。但是關(guān)系地球健康的問題是相當(dāng)重要的，人們一定要嚴(yán)肅對待。
1. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”？
A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”．
B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.
C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.
D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.
答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段可知，懷疑論者不承認(rèn)人類活動對環(huán)境的影響。短文第二段第二句話中提到，他們認(rèn)為世界的真正狀態(tài)是好的，由此可知B項正確。
2. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's book?
A．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.
B．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.
C．The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.
D．Industry-funded media present confusing information.
答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段最后一句話可知Lomborg的觀點與一些由工業(yè)資助的組織的觀點是相似的。因此可知這些大的組織為了自己的利益也不會注重環(huán)保。
3. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to ______.
A. voice a different opinion B. find fault with Lomborg's book
C. challenge the authority of the media D. point out the value of scientific views
答案：A。推理判斷題。第三段提到加拿大的一家報紙對Lomborg的書大加贊揚，第四段又提到這片面的觀點應(yīng)當(dāng)受到挑戰(zhàn)，然后說“Nature”雜志上就有不同的評論。由此可知A項正確。
4. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.
B. To warn the public of the danger of half-blindness with reviews.
C. To blame the media's lack of responsibility in presenting information.
D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.
答案：D。作者意圖題。由短文最后一段第二句話可知，媒體應(yīng)當(dāng)提供全方位的信息，讓人們在了解情況的前提下做出決定。由此可知D項正確。
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also mentally challenging．Criticism（批評）from coaches（trainers）, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes．Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has showed that it can lead to burnout．Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable．
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself．The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place．Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives．Coaches and parents should be aware（realize）, at all times, that their feedback（反饋）to youngsters can greatly affect their children．Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷） in themselves．
Coaches and parents should also be cautious（careful） that youth sport participation does not become work for children．The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons．In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport．Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on（pay more attention to） the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances．Positive reinforcement should be provided in spite of the outcome．Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism．Again, criticism can create high levels of stress（pressure）, which can lead to burnout．
1．According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that __________．
A．it can help them learn more about society
B．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
C．it enables them to find flaws in themselves
D．it can provide them with valuable experiences
2．According to the passage parents and coaches should __________．
A．help children to win every game
B．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
C．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
D．train children to deal with stress
3．The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ___________．
A．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
B．to emphasize the importance of positive reinforcement to children
C．to discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragement
D．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
【參考答案】1—3、DBB
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
When a couple decides to marry, they naturally inform both sets of parents and stepparents before having a party planned or telling all their friends．The days are long gone of the man going trembling to the girl’s father and saying, “ Sir, may I have the honor of having the hand of your daughter in marriage?” However, a wise couple always discuss their plans for marriage with their respective families, and a young man often suggests a “financial talk” with his future father-in-law before the latter is faced with the embarrassment of asking for one．Even if a young woman has supported herself and lives away from home, her parents have the right to know how her fiancé proposes to handle the long-range financing of their family and home．The fiancé should state his income, his savings, and his failure expectations, without overstating any of them．
Engagement parties are given by the parents of the bride-to-be or by a relative of the bride acting for her parents, usually just before the newspaper announcement of the engagement．If the bride-to-be and her fiancé live in a city other than her parents, it is better for her parents to go to the city than her to go home to them for the engagement party．She and her fiancé will, after all, be partied in her parents’ hometown during the wedding festivities．However, if the family home is not far away, it is proper for the engaged couple to travel there for the announcement party．The young man’s family should be invited, too．If the bride’s parents are no longer living, then a relative or a close friend can give the party．It is usually a simple cocktail’s party, champagne served for toasts to the engaged couple．
If the party is very large, the engaged couple and the girl’s parents might form a receiving line---- but they do not have to．The bride-to-be usually wears her engagement ring officially for the first time on this occasion．If she has a gift for the groom-to-be, she gives it to him right before or after the engagement party．
For Americans, the traditional engagement ring is a diamond solitaire （單粒寶石）．However, today anything goes---- a ring with many colored stones, a ring with a large semiprecious stone, an heirloom （傳家寶） ring reset in a modern design, or even a stone in the bride’s family, simply reset in a Tiffany setting．The wedding ring will be of the same metal as the engagement ring．Some girls prefer no engagement ring but choose a wedding band that is decorated with stones instead．No one has to have an engagement ring．A girl may want her fiancé to give her a pearl necklace instead, or a jeweled watch．Jeweled rings can be given as gifts on many occasions during the married lives---- such as wedding anniversaries, the birth of a child, or an important job promotion．
4．According to the first paragraph, young men ________．
A．must tell all their friends before planning a party
B．used to feel afraid of going to meet their girl friends’ parents
C．must promise that their family could support them
D．must guarantee they live away from home already
5．The underlined word “one” in the first paragraph most probably means ________．
A．a(chǎn) marriage B．a(chǎn) plan
C． a financial talk D．a(chǎn)n embarrassment
6．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The bride-to-be and her fiancé will have to wait in line with both of their parents．
B．If the girl’s parents are dead, a relative or a close friend gives a party on their behalf．
C．The engagement party is usually given before the newspaper announcement．
D．It’s no longer necessary to give a diamond solitaire as the engagement ring．
7．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________．
A．a(chǎn) young man can give his wife a jeweled watch on the birthday of their child
B．the heirloom must be reset in a modern design
C．the engagement ring and the wedding ring are different
D．some girls don’t mind what they are given for the engagement
【參考答案】4—7、BCAD
人文地理類
(2013·重慶，D)Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean，an S-shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.
“Storm at Sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankind's earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.
When the wind is from the west
All the waves that cannot rest
To the east must thunder on
Where the bright tree of the sun
Is rooted in the ocean's breast.
As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.
It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath－perhaps not so noticeably out in mid-ocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of sub-ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.
9．Unlike real inland seas，the Atlantic Ocean is ________.
A．a(chǎn)lways energetic B．lacking in liveliness
C．shaped like a square D．favored by ancient poets
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段中的“Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.”可知，liveliness(精力充沛，活躍)與energetic近義，故答案為A項。
答案 A
10．What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?
A．To describe the movement of the waves.
B．To show the strength of the storm.
C．To represent the power of the ocean.
D．To prove the vastness of the sea.
解析 推理判斷題。從詩歌下面的一段“As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise－it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.”可知，這首詩主要向我們描述了海洋的強大力量。
答案 C
11．What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?
A．Living together. B．Growing fast.
C．Moving harmoniously. D．Breathing peacefully.
解析 詞義猜測題。劃線單詞所在的句子后邊用了冒號，后邊的內(nèi)容是對前邊句子的解釋，從下文“unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony”中的mix within等字眼可知，劃線單詞意為“共生的”，故A項符合要求。
答案 A
12．In the last paragraph，the Atlantic is compared to ________.
A．a(chǎn) beautiful and poetic place
B．a(chǎn) flesh and blood person
C．a(chǎn) wonderful world
D．a(chǎn) lovely animal
解析 推理判斷題。從最后一句“It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.”中可以看出，大西洋有個性：有時安靜，有時野蠻等，把這些用來描繪人的詞匯用來描寫大西洋，所以此處把大西洋比喻成了一個有血有肉的人。
答案 B
閱讀理解Dear Santa Claus,
My name is Amy. I am 9 years old. I have a problem at school. Can you help me, Santa? Kids laugh at me because of the way I walk and run and talk. I have cerebral palsy. I just want one day where no one laughs at me or makes fun of me.
love,
Amy
At radio station WJLT in Fort Wayne, Indiana, letters poured in for the Christmas Wish Contest. When Amy's letter arrived at the radio station, manager Lee Tobin read it carefully. He thought it would be good for the people in Fort Wayne to hear about this special third grader and her unusual wish. Mr. Tobin called up the local newspaper.
The next day, a picture of Amy and her letter to Santa made the front page of the "News Sentinel." The story spread quickly. All across the country, newspapers and radio and television stations reported the story of the little girl in Fort Wayne, Indiana, who asked for such a simple, yet remarkable, Christmas gift --- just one day without teasing.
Suddenly the postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house. Envelopes of all sizes addressed to Amy arrived daily from children and adults all across the nation. They came filled with holiday greetings and words of encouragement. Some of the writers had disabilities; some had been teased as children. Each writer had a special message for Amy. Through the cards and letters from strangers, Amy glimpsed a world full of people who truly cared about each other.
Many people thanked Amy for being brave enough to speak up. Others encouraged her to ignore teasing and to carry her head high.
Amy did get her wish of a special day without teasing at South Wayne High School. Teachers and students talked together about how bad teasing can make others feel.
That year, the Fort Wayne mayor officially proclaimed December 21st as Amy Jo Hagadorn Day throughout the city. The mayor explained that by daring to make such a simple wish, Amy taught a universal lesson. "Everyone," said the mayor, "wants and deserves to be treated with respect, dignity and warmth."
1.Amy’s letter showed that_______.
A.her schoolmates cannot understand her disability
B.her school isn’t a good place for students like her
C.she is often ignored in and out of class
D.she wanted to win Christmas Wish Contest
答案解析：答案為A。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從Amy的信中 “Kids laugh at me because of the way I walk and run and talk. I have cerebral palsy.”可以知道，Amy 的同學(xué)嘲笑她走路和跑步的方式，由此可以推斷Amy 是殘疾人。故答案為A。
2.The postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house because _______.
A.he went to encourage Amy frequently B. he was quite curious about Amy
C. he had to send letters to Amy daily D. he was moved by Amy’s story
答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從正文的第三段開始兩句話“Suddenly the postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house. Envelopes of all sizes addressed to Amy arrived daily from children and adults all across the nation.”可知，每天有小孩和大人的不同大小的信件寄給Amy, 因此郵遞員成了Hagadorn house的常客（regular），每天給Amy 送信。故答案為C。
3. We may infer from Amy’s story that__________.
A. people are easy to turn their eyes to the disabled
B. the news media played an important role in helping Amy
C. Amy will still be made fun of by others
D. there are few disabled people in Amy’s country
答案解析：答案為B。本題為推理題，考生需結(jié)合全文來進(jìn)行推理和判斷。文章后文提到Amy 受到社會的關(guān)注，包括市長The mayor都對Amy的事件發(fā)話，這一切都是因為第一段中電臺的manager Lee Tobin對此事的關(guān)注和第二段中 “…a picture of Amy and her letter to Santa made the front page of the "News Sentinel."報紙對此事的報道。故答案為B。A選項為一般考生的易錯項，意為 “人們很容易關(guān)注殘疾人”并不是文章要闡述的內(nèi)容。
4. The For Wayne mayor officially proclaimed Amy to Hadadorn Day________.
A. to tell how bad teasing can make others feel
B. to encourage people to carry their heads high
C. to explain how brave Amy was by making her wish
D. to call on the public to treat everyone properly
答案解析：答案為D。本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最后一段最后一句話 “"Everyone," said the mayor, "wants and deserves to be treated with respect, dignity and warmth." 可知，D選項是正確的。
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